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Shao HJ, Wang YX, Zhu DZ, Zhu YS, Sun HN, Chen SY, Zhang C, Fan ZJ, Deng Y, Yao XC, Chen YA, Pan JW. Antiferromagnetic phase transition in a 3D fermionic Hubbard model. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07689-2. [PMID: 38987606 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The fermionic Hubbard model (FHM)1 describes a wide range of physical phenomena resulting from strong electron-electron correlations, including conjectured mechanisms for unconventional superconductivity. Resolving its low-temperature physics is, however, challenging theoretically or numerically. Ultracold fermions in optical lattices2,3 provide a clean and well-controlled platform offering a path to simulate the FHM. Doping the antiferromagnetic ground state of a FHM simulator at half-filling is expected to yield various exotic phases, including stripe order4, pseudogap5, and d-wave superfluid6, offering valuable insights into high-temperature superconductivity7-9. Although the observation of antiferromagnetic correlations over short10 and extended distances11 has been obtained, the antiferromagnetic phase has yet to be realized as it requires sufficiently low temperatures in a large and uniform quantum simulator. Here we report the observation of the antiferromagnetic phase transition in a three-dimensional fermionic Hubbard system comprising lithium-6 atoms in a uniform optical lattice with approximately 800,000 sites. When the interaction strength, temperature and doping concentration are finely tuned to approach their respective critical values, a sharp increase in the spin structure factor is observed. These observations can be well described by a power-law divergence, with a critical exponent of 1.396 from the Heisenberg universality class12. At half-filling and with optimal interaction strength, the measured spin structure factor reaches 123(8), signifying the establishment of an antiferromagnetic phase. Our results provide opportunities for exploring the low-temperature phase diagram of the FHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Ji Shao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Zhi Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Song Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Nan Sun
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Yuan Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Fan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Youjin Deng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xing-Can Yao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Yu-Ao Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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Guo Y, Yao H, Dhar S, Pizzino L, Horvath M, Giamarchi T, Landini M, Nägerl HC. Anomalous cooling of bosons by dimensional reduction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk6870. [PMID: 38354241 PMCID: PMC10866542 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk6870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cold atomic gases provide a remarkable testbed to study the physics of interacting many-body quantum systems. Temperatures are necessarily nonzero, but cooling to the ultralow temperatures needed for quantum simulation purposes or even simply measuring the temperatures directly on the system can prove to be very challenging tasks. Here, we implement thermometry on strongly interacting two- and one-dimensional Bose gases with high sensitivity in the nanokelvin temperature range. Our method is aided by the fact that the decay of the first-order correlation function is very sensitive to the temperature when interactions are strong. We find that there may be a substantial temperature variation when the three-dimensional quantum gas is cut into two-dimensional slices or into one-dimensional tubes. Notably, the temperature for the one-dimensional case can be much lower than the initial temperature. Our findings show that this decrease results from the interplay of dimensional reduction and strong interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Guo
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Hepeng Yao
- DQMP, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Sudipta Dhar
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Lorenzo Pizzino
- DQMP, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Milena Horvath
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Thierry Giamarchi
- DQMP, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Manuele Landini
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Hanns-Christoph Nägerl
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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Cavazos-Cavazos D, Senaratne R, Kafle A, Hulet RG. Thermal disruption of a Luttinger liquid. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3154. [PMID: 37258570 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) theory describes the low-energy excitations of strongly correlated one-dimensional (1D) fermions. In the past years, a number of studies have provided a detailed understanding of this universality class. More recently, theoretical investigations that go beyond the standard low-temperature, linear-response TLL regime have been developed. While these provide a basis for understanding the dynamics of the spin-incoherent Luttinger liquid, there are few experimental investigations in this regime. Here we report the observation of a thermally induced, spin-incoherent Luttinger liquid in a 6Li atomic Fermi gas confined to 1D. We use Bragg spectroscopy to measure the suppression of spin-charge separation and the decay of correlations as the temperature is increased. Our results probe the crossover between the coherent and incoherent regimes of the Luttinger liquid and elucidate the roles of the charge and the spin degrees of freedom in this regime.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruwan Senaratne
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Aashish Kafle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Randall G Hulet
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA.
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Yan Z, Wang YC, Samajdar R, Sachdev S, Meng ZY. Emergent Glassy Behavior in a Kagome Rydberg Atom Array. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:206501. [PMID: 37267547 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.206501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulation results on a realistic Hamiltonian of kagome-lattice Rydberg atom arrays. Although the system has no intrinsic disorder, intriguingly, our analyses of static and dynamic properties on large system sizes reveal emergent glassy behavior in a region of parameter space located between two valence bond solid phases. The extent of this glassy region is demarcated using the Edwards-Anderson order parameter, and its phase transitions to the two proximate valence bond solids-as well as the crossover towards a trivial paramagnetic phase-are identified. We demonstrate the intrinsically slow (imaginary) time dynamics deep inside the glassy phase and discuss experimental considerations for detecting such a quantum disordered phase with numerous nearly degenerate local minima. Our proposal paves a new route to the study of real-time glassy phenomena and highlights the potential for quantum simulation of a distinct phase of quantum matter beyond solids and liquids in current-generation Rydberg platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yan
- Department of Physics and HKU-UCAS Joint Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Wang
- Beihang Hangzhou Innovation Institute Yuhang, Hangzhou 310023, China
- Zhongfa Aviation Institute of Beihang University, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Rhine Samajdar
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Subir Sachdev
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Zi Yang Meng
- Department of Physics and HKU-UCAS Joint Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Guan XW, He P. New trends in quantum integrability: recent experiments with ultracold atoms. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:114001. [PMID: 36170807 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac95a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades quantum engineering has made significant advances in our ability to create genuine quantum many-body systems using ultracold atoms. In particular, some prototypical exactly solvable Yang-Baxter systems have been successfully realized allowing us to confront elegant and sophisticated exact solutions of these systems with their experimental counterparts. The new experimental developments show a variety of fundamental one-dimensional (1D) phenomena, ranging from the generalized hydrodynamics to dynamical fermionization, Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids, collective excitations, fractional exclusion statistics, quantum holonomy, spin-charge separation, competing orders with high spin symmetry and quantum impurity problems. This article briefly reviews these developments and provides rigorous understanding of those observed phenomena based on the exact solutions while highlighting the uniqueness of 1D quantum physics. The precision of atomic physics realizations of integrable many-body problems continues to inspire significant developments in mathematics and physics while at the same time offering the prospect to contribute to future quantum technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Wen Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, APM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- NSFC-SPTP Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
- Department of Fundamental and Theoretical Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Peng He
- Bureau of Frontier Sciences and Education, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864,People's Republic of China
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