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Luo T, Shen B, Mei Z, Hove A, Ju K. Unlocking the potential of biogas systems for energy production and climate solutions in rural communities. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5900. [PMID: 39003261 PMCID: PMC11246535 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
On-site conversion of organic waste into biogas to satisfy consumer energy demand has the potential to realize energy equality and mitigate climate change reliably. However, existing methods ignore either real-time full supply or methane escape when supply and demand are mismatched. Here, we show an improved design of community biogas production and distribution system to overcome these and achieve full co-benefits in developing economies. We take five existing systems as empirical examples. Mechanisms of synergistic adjusting out-of-step biogas flow rates on both the plant-side and user-side are defined to obtain consumption-to-production ratios of close to 1, such that biogas demand of rural inhabitants can be met. Furthermore, carbon mitigation and its viability under universal prevailing climates are illustrated. Coupled with manure management optimization, Chinese national deployment of the proposed system would contribute a 3.77% reduction towards meeting its global 1.5 °C target. Additionally, fulfilling others' energy demands has considerable decarbonization potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Luo
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Zili Mei
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Anders Hove
- The Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, Oxford, UK
| | - Keyi Ju
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
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Ma S, Deng N, Zhao C, Wang P, Zhou C, Sun C, Guan D, Wang Z, Meng J. Decreasing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the Municipal Solid Waste Sector in Chinese Cites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:11342-11351. [PMID: 38875720 PMCID: PMC11223490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste (MSW) management systems play a crucial role in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in China. Although the government has implemented many policies to improve the MSW management system, the impact of these improvements on city-level GHG emission reduction remains largely unexplored. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of both direct and downstream GHG emissions from the MSW sector, encompassing sanitary landfill, dump, incineration, and biological treatment, across 352 Chinese cities from 2001 to 2021 by adopting inventory methods recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The results reveal that (1) GHG emissions from the MSW sector in China peaked at 70.6 Tg of CO2 equiv in 2018, followed by a significant decline to 47.6 Tg of CO2 equiv in 2021, (2) cities with the highest GHG emission reduction benefits in the MSW sector were historical emission hotspots over the past 2 decades, and (3) with the potential achievement of zero-landfilling policy by 2030, an additional reduction of 203.7 Tg of CO2 equiv is projected, with the emission reduction focus toward cities in South China (21.9%), Northeast China (17.8%), and Southwest China (17.3%). This study highlights that, even without explicit emission reduction targets for the MSW sector, the improvements of this sector have significantly reduced GHG emissions in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Ma
- The
Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Nana Deng
- School
of Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijng 100081, People’s Republic of China
- Digital
Economy and Policy Intelligentization Key Laboratory of Ministry of
Industry and Information Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- Graduate
School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku
University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory
of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Chuanbin Zhou
- Stake
Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for
Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People’s Republic
of China
- College
of Resources and Environment, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanlian Sun
- Stake
Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for
Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People’s Republic
of China
- College
of Resources and Environment, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dabo Guan
- The
Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for
Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaohua Wang
- School
of Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijng 100081, People’s Republic of China
- Digital
Economy and Policy Intelligentization Key Laboratory of Ministry of
Industry and Information Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Meng
- The
Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Li X, Ma R, Gao X, Li H, Wang S, Song G. Harnessing Atomically Dispersed Cobalt for the Reductive Catalytic Fractionation of Lignocellulose. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2310202. [PMID: 38493491 PMCID: PMC11165530 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) of lignocellulose, considering lignin valorization at design time, has demonstrated the entire utilization of all lignocellulose components; however, such processes always require catalysts based on precious metals or high-loaded nonprecious metals. Herein, the study develops an ultra-low loaded, atomically dispersed cobalt catalyst, which displays an exceptional performance in the RCF of lignocellulose. An approximately theoretical maximum yield of phenolic monomers (48.3 wt.%) from lignin is realized, rivaling precious metal catalysts. High selectivity toward 4-propyl-substituted guaiacol/syringol facilitates their purification and follows syntheses of highly adhesive polyesters. Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) are generated by simple treatment of the obtained phenolic dimers and oligomers. RCF-resulted carbohydrate pulp are more obedient to enzymatic hydrolysis. Experimental studies on lignin model compounds reveal the concerted cleavage of Cα-O and Cβ-O pathway for the rupture of β-O-4 structure. Overall, the approach involves valorizing products derived from lignin biopolymer, providing the opportunity for the comprehensive utilization of all components within lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesBeijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic ChemistryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China
| | - Rumin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesBeijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic ChemistryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China
| | - Xueying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesBeijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic ChemistryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Helong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesBeijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic ChemistryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China
| | - Shuizhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesBeijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic ChemistryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China
| | - Guoyong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesBeijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic ChemistryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China
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Abstract
Reducing methane emissions from solid waste is already technically possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Webber
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yael R Glazer
- Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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