1
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Li P, Jiang X, Gu R, Tian H, Qu DH. Catalyst-Free Dynamic Covalent C=C/C=N Metathesis Reaction for Associative Covalent Adaptable Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406708. [PMID: 38828797 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Covalent adaptable networks (CANs), leveraging the dynamic exchange of covalent bonds, emerge as a promising material to address the challenge of irreversible cross-linking in thermosetting polymers. In this work, we explore the introduction of a catalyst-free and associative C=C/C=N metathesis reaction into thermosetting polyurethanes, creating CANs with superior stability, solvent resistance, and thermal/mechanical properties. By incorporating this dynamic exchange reaction, stress-relaxation is significantly accelerated compared to imine-bond-only networks, with the rate adjustable by modifying substituents in the ortho position of the dynamic double bonds. The obtained plasticity enables recycle without altering the chemical structure or mechanical properties, and is also found to be vital for achieving shape memory functions with complex spatial structures. This metathesis reaction as a new dynamic crosslinker of polymer networks has the potential to accelerate the ongoing exploration of malleable and functional thermoset polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyun Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ruirui Gu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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2
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Xu W, Ping Z, Gong X, Xie F, Liu Y, Leng J. Self-Healing Polymers Coupling Shape Memory Effect. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:15957-15968. [PMID: 39039655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, shape memory polymers (SMPs) and self-healing polymers (SHPs) have been research hotspots in the field of smart polymers owing to their unique stimulus response mechanisms. Previous research on SHPs has primarily focused on contact repair. However, in instances where substantial cracks occur during practical use, autonomous closure becomes challenging, impeding effective repair. By integration of the shape memory effect (SME) with SHPs, physical wound closure can be achieved via the SME, facilitating subsequent chemical/physical repair processes and enhancing self-healing effectiveness. This article reviews key findings from previous research on shape memory-assisted self-healing (SMASH) materials and addresses the challenges and opportunities for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai 264209, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxin Ping
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Gong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai 264209, P. R. China
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai 264209, P. R. China
| | - Yanju Liu
- Department of Astronautical Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Leng
- Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
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3
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Wang H, Huang Q, Liu C, Hong W, Li J, Ma J, Yu P, Wang C, Yan X. Development of Fluorenyl-Based Copolyimines with Adjustable Mechanical Properties, Recyclability and Friction Resistance. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401481. [PMID: 38831477 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic polyimines are a class of fascinating dynamic polymers with recyclability and reparability owing to their reversible Schiff-base reactions. However, balancing the dynamic properties and mechanical strength of dynamic polyimines presents a major challenge due to the dissociative and associative nature of the imine bonds. Herein, we introduced bulky fluorene groups and polyether amine into the skeleton of polyimine networks to achieve a tradeoff in comprehensive properties. The resulting dynamic polyimines with fluorene groups (Cardo-DPIs) were successfully synthesized by combining the rigid diamine 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorene and the flexible polyether amine, demonstrating a high tensile strength of 64.7 MPa. Additionally, Cardo-DPIs films with more content of rigid fluorene groups exhibited higher water resistance, glass transition temperature and wear-resisting ability. Moreover, the Cardo-DPIs films not only efficiently underwent thermal reshaping, but also exhibited excellent self-healing capabilities and chemical degradation in acidic solutions. Furthermore, the resulting films can achieve fully closed-loop recovery by free amine solution for 2 h at room temperature. This study broadens the scope of dynamic polyimine materials and promotes the balanced development of their functional and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, P. R. China
| | - Qirui Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, P. R. China
| | - Cai Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, P. R. China
| | - Wei Hong
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, P. R. China
| | - Jianing Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Ma
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, P. R. China
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, P. R. China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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4
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Song Z, Dong G, Vernerey FJ, Cai S. Temperature- and Rate-Dependent Fracture in Disulfide Vitrimers. ACS Macro Lett 2024:994-999. [PMID: 39052484 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The fracture behaviors of disulfide vitrimers are highly rate-dependent. Our investigation revealed that the temperature-dependent fracture behaviors of disulfide vitrimers cannot be entirely explained by a simple time-temperature superposition model. This Letter explores the impact of the dynamic nature of molecular defects on the temperature- and rate-dependent fracture behaviors of disulfide vitrimers. Considering that the high cross-linking density remains constant during the associated bond exchange reaction, we identify loop defects in the network as the primary dynamic defects. By employing small amplitude oscillatory shear, we measured the loop defect fraction in EPS25 disulfide vitrimers at varied temperatures, revealing an increased presence of loop defects at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the temperature-dependent fracture behaviors are attributed to the temperature-dependent number of loop defects in disulfide vitrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqiang Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Gaoweiang Dong
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Franck J Vernerey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80302, United States
| | - Shengqiang Cai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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5
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Su YL, Xiong W, Yue L, Paul MK, Otte KS, Bacsa J, Qi HJ, Gutekunst WR. Michael Addition-Elimination Ring-Opening Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18074-18082. [PMID: 38906845 PMCID: PMC11228986 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
A cyclic thioenone system capable of controlled ring-opening polymerization (ROP) is presented that leverages a reversible Michael addition-elimination (MAE) mechanism. The cyclic thioenone monomers are easy to access and modify and for the first time incorporate the dynamic reversibility of MAE with chain-growth polymerization. This strategy features mild polymerization conditions, tunable functionalities, controlled molecular weights (Mn), and narrow dispersities. The obtained polythioenones exhibit excellent optical transparency and good mechanical properties and can be depolymerized to recover the original monomers. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of model reactions offer insights into the role of monomer conformation in the polymerization process, as well as explaining divergent reactivity observed in seven-membered thiepane (TP) and eight-membered thiocane (TC) ring systems. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the feasibility of MAE mechanisms in ring-opening polymerization and provide important guidelines toward future monomer designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Liang Su
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Wei Xiong
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Liang Yue
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mckinley K. Paul
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Kaitlyn S. Otte
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John Bacsa
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - H. Jerry Qi
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Will R. Gutekunst
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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6
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Wang Q, Zhu Z, Liu J, Lu Z, Zhao Y, Yu Y. Ligand Dissociation of Metal-Complex Photocatalysts toward pH-Photomanipulation in Dynamic Covalent Hydrogels for Printing Reprocessable and Recyclable Devices. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:664-672. [PMID: 38755098 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent hydrogels are gaining attention for their potential in smart materials, soft devices, electronics, and more thanks to their impressive mechanical properties, biomimetic structures, and dynamic behavior. However, a significant challenge lies in designing precise and efficient dynamic photochemistry for their preparation, allowing for complex structures and control over the dynamic process. Herein, we propose a general and straightforward orthogonal dynamic covalent photochemistry strategy for preparing high-performance printable dynamic covalent hydrogels, thereby broadening their advanced applications. This photochemical strategy uses a bifunctional photocatalyst to initiate radical polymerization and release ligands through a rapid light-mediated dissociation mechanism. This process leads to a controlled increase in system pH from mildly acidic to alkaline conditions within one hundred seconds, which in turn triggers the pH-sensitive model reactions of boronic acid/diol complexation and Knoevenagel condensation. The orthogonal photochemistry enables the formation of interpenetrated and conjoined networks, significantly enhancing the mechanical properties of the hydrogels. The reversible bonds formed during the process, i.e., boronic ester and unsaturated ketone bonds, confer excellent self-healing, reprocessable, and recyclable properties on the hydrogels through photochemical pH variations. Furthermore, this rapid, controlled fabrication process and dynamic behavior are highly compatible with printing techniques, enabling the design of adaptive and recyclable sensors with different structures. These advancements are promising for various material science, medicine, and engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China, 710069
| | - Zhenhao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China, 710069
| | - Jupen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China, 710069
| | - Zhe Lu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China, 710069
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China, 710069
| | - You Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China, 710069
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7
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Wang S, Feng H, Li B, Lim JYC, Rusli W, Zhu J, Hadjichristidis N, Li Z. Knoevenagel C═C Metathesis Enabled Glassy Vitrimers with High Rigidity, Toughness, and Malleability. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16112-16118. [PMID: 38803151 PMCID: PMC11177252 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Thermosets, characterized by their permanent cross-linked networks, present significant challenges in recyclability and brittleness. In this work, we explore a polarized Knoevenagel C═C metathesis reaction for the development of rigid yet tough and malleable thermosets. Initial investigation on small molecule model reactions reveals the feasibility of conducting the base-catalyzed C═C metathesis reaction in a solvent-free environment. Subsequently, thermosetting poly(α-cyanocinnamate)s (PCCs) were synthesized via Knoevenagel condensation between a triarm cyanoacetate star and a dialdehyde. The thermal and mechanical properties of the developed PCCs can be easily modulated by altering the structure of the dialdehyde. Remarkably, the introduction of ether groups into the PCC leads to a combination of high rigidity and toughness with Young's modulus of ∼1590 MPa, an elongation at break of ∼79%, and a toughness reaching ∼30 MJ m3. These values are competitive to traditional thermosets, in Young's modulus but far exceed them in ductility and toughness. Moreover, the C═C metathesis facilitates stress relaxation within the bulk polymer networks, thus rendering PCCs excellent malleability and reprocessability. This work overcomes the traditional limitations of thermosets, introducing groundbreaking insights for the design of rigid yet tough and malleable thermosets, and contributing significantly to the sustainability of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Institute
of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency
for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hongzhi Feng
- Institute
of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency
for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application
of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Bofan Li
- Institute
of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency
for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jason Y. C. Lim
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science,
Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wendy Rusli
- Institute
of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency
for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application
of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Polymer
Synthesis Laboratory, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division,
KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute
of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency
for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science,
Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Republic
of Singapore
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8
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Jia Y, Qian J, Hao S, Zhang S, Wei F, Zheng H, Li Y, Song J, Zhao Z. New Prospects Arising from Dynamically Crosslinked Polymers: Reprogramming Their Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313164. [PMID: 38577834 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Dynamically crosslinked polymers (DCPs) have gained significant attention owing to their applications in fabricating (re)processable, recyclable, and self-healable thermosets, which hold great promise in addressing ecological issues, such as plastic pollution and resource scarcity. However, the current research predominantly focuses on redefining and/or manipulating their geometries while replicating their bulk properties. Given the inherent design flexibility of dynamic covalent networks, DCPs also exhibit a remarkable potential for various novel applications through postsynthesis reprogramming their properties. In this review, the recent advancements in strategies that enable DCPs to transform their bulk properties after synthesis are presented. The underlying mechanisms and associated material properties are overviewed mainly through three distinct strategies, namely latent catalysts, material-growth, and topology isomerizable networks. Furthermore, the mutual relationship and impact of these strategies when integrated within one material system are also discussed. Finally, the application prospects and relevant issues necessitating further investigation, along with the potential solutions are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Qian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Senyuan Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Fengchun Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Hongjuan Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yilong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Ave., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lianhua St., Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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9
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Wang S, Feng H, Lim JYC, Li K, Li B, Mah JJQ, Xing Z, Zhu J, Loh XJ, Li Z. Recyclable, Malleable, and Strong Thermosets Enabled by Knoevenagel Adducts. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9920-9927. [PMID: 38557104 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Plastic recycling is critical for waste management and achieving a circular economy, but it entails difficult trade-offs between performance and recyclability. Here, we report a thermoset, poly(α-cyanocinnamate) (PCC), synthesized using Knoevenagel condensation between terephthalaldehyde (TPA) and a triarm cyanoacetate star, that tackles this difficulty by harnessing its intrinsically conjugated and dynamic chemical characteristics. PCCs exhibit extraordinary thermal and mechanical properties with a typical Tg of ∼178 °C, Young's modulus of 3.8 GPa, and tensile strength of 102 MPa, along with remarkable flexibility and dimensional and chemical stabilities. Furthermore, end-of-life PCCs can be selectively degraded and partially recycled back into one starting monomer TPA for a new production cycle or reprocessed through dynamic exchange aided by cyanoacetate chain-ends. This study lays the scientific groundwork for the design of robust and recyclable thermosets, with transformative potential in plastic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore
| | - Hongzhi Feng
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jason Y C Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Bofan Li
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore
| | - Justin J Q Mah
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Zhenxiang Xing
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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10
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McAllister HP, Kalow JA. Plastics that lose their temper on demand. Science 2024; 383:481-482. [PMID: 38300996 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn3980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Multiple properties can be programmed into a single dynamic material by using heat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia A Kalow
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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