1
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Wang C, Zhao Z, Han J, Sharma AA, Wang H, Zhang XS. Wireless Magnetic Robot for Precise Hierarchical Control of Tissue Deformation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2308619. [PMID: 39041885 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Mechanotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment for tissue injury. However, existing robots for mechanotherapy are often designed on intuition, lack remote and wireless control, and have limited motion modes. Herein, through topology optimization and hybrid fabrication, wireless magneto-active soft robots are created that can achieve various modes of programmatic deformations under remote magnetic actuation and apply mechanical forces to tissues in a precise and predictable manner. These soft robots can quickly and wirelessly deform under magnetic actuation and are able to deliver compressing, stretching, shearing, and multimodal forces to the surrounding tissues. The design framework considers the hierarchical tissue-robot interaction and, therefore, can design customized soft robots for different types of tissues with varied mechanical properties. It is shown that these customized robots with different programmable motions can induce precise deformations of porcine muscle, liver, and heart tissues with excellent durability. The soft robots, the underlying design principles, and the fabrication approach provide a new avenue for developing next-generation mechanotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Zhi Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Joonsu Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Arvin Ardebili Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Xiaojia Shelly Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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2
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Huang SC, Zhu YJ, Huang XY, Xia XX, Qian ZG. Programmable adhesion and morphing of protein hydrogels for underwater robots. Nat Commun 2024; 15:195. [PMID: 38172123 PMCID: PMC10764313 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Soft robots capable of efficiently implementing tasks in fluid-immersed environments hold great promise for diverse applications. However, it remains challenging to achieve robotization that relies on dynamic underwater adhesion and morphing capability. Here we propose the construction of such robots with designer protein materials. Firstly, a resilin-like protein is complexed with polyoxometalate anions to form hydrogels that can rapidly switch between soft adhesive and stiff non-adhesive states in aqueous environments in response to small temperature variation. To realize remote control over dynamic adhesion and morphing, Fe3O4 nanoparticles are then integrated into the hydrogels to form soft robots with photothermal and magnetic responsiveness. These robots are demonstrated to undertake complex tasks including repairing artificial blood vessel, capturing and delivering multiple cargoes in water under cooperative control of infrared light and magnetic field. These findings pave an avenue for the creation of protein-based underwater robots with on-demand functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Jiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xia Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Hu L, Bonnemain J, Saeed MY, Singh M, Quevedo Moreno D, Vasilyev NV, Roche ET. An implantable soft robotic ventilator augments inspiration in a pig model of respiratory insufficiency. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:110-123. [PMID: 36509912 PMCID: PMC9991903 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00971-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Severe diaphragm dysfunction can lead to respiratory failure and to the need for permanent mechanical ventilation. Yet permanent tethering to a mechanical ventilator through the mouth or via tracheostomy can hinder a patient's speech, swallowing ability and mobility. Here we show, in a porcine model of varied respiratory insufficiency, that a contractile soft robotic actuator implanted above the diaphragm augments its motion during inspiration. Synchronized actuation of the diaphragm-assist implant with the native respiratory effort increased tidal volumes and maintained ventilation flow rates within the normal range. Robotic implants that intervene at the diaphragm rather than at the upper airway and that augment physiological metrics of ventilation may restore respiratory performance without sacrificing quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Hu
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jean Bonnemain
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Adult Intensive Care Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mossab Y Saeed
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manisha Singh
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Diego Quevedo Moreno
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nikolay V Vasilyev
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ellen T Roche
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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4
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Yan B. Actuators for Implantable Devices: A Broad View. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1756. [PMID: 36296109 PMCID: PMC9610948 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The choice of actuators dictates how an implantable biomedical device moves. Specifically, the concept of implantable robots consists of the three pillars: actuators, sensors, and powering. Robotic devices that require active motion are driven by a biocompatible actuator. Depending on the actuating mechanism, different types of actuators vary remarkably in strain/stress output, frequency, power consumption, and durability. Most reviews to date focus on specific type of actuating mechanism (electric, photonic, electrothermal, etc.) for biomedical applications. With a rapidly expanding library of novel actuators, however, the granular boundaries between subcategories turns the selection of actuators a laborious task, which can be particularly time-consuming to those unfamiliar with actuation. To offer a broad view, this study (1) showcases the recent advances in various types of actuating technologies that can be potentially implemented in vivo, (2) outlines technical advantages and the limitations of each type, and (3) provides use-specific suggestions on actuator choice for applications such as drug delivery, cardiovascular, and endoscopy implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxi Yan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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5
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Sander IL, Dvorak N, Stebbins JA, Carr AJ, Mouthuy PA. Advanced Robotics to Address the Translational Gap in Tendon Engineering. CYBORG AND BIONIC SYSTEMS 2022; 2022:9842169. [PMID: 36285305 PMCID: PMC9508494 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9842169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon disease is a significant and growing burden to healthcare systems. One strategy to address this challenge is tissue engineering. A widely held view in this field is that mechanical stimulation provided to constructs should replicate the mechanical environment of native tissue as closely as possible. We review recent tendon tissue engineering studies in this article and highlight limitations of conventional uniaxial tensile bioreactors used in current literature. Advanced robotic platforms such as musculoskeletal humanoid robots and soft robotic actuators are promising technologies which may help address translational gaps in tendon tissue engineering. We suggest the proposed benefits of these technologies and identify recent studies which have worked to implement these technologies in tissue engineering. Lastly, key challenges to address in adapting these robotic technologies and proposed future research directions for tendon tissue engineering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain L. Sander
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
- Oxford Gait Laboratory, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Tebbit Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7HE, UK
| | - Nicole Dvorak
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Julie A. Stebbins
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
- Oxford Gait Laboratory, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Tebbit Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7HE, UK
| | - Andrew J. Carr
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Pierre-Alexis Mouthuy
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
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6
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Fell CA, Brooks-Richards TL, Woodruff M, Allenby MC. Soft pneumatic actuators for mimicking multi-axial femoropopliteal artery mechanobiology. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35378520 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac63ef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue biomanufacturing aims to produce lab-grown stem cell grafts and biomimetic drug testing platforms but remains limited in its ability to recapitulate native tissue mechanics. The emerging field of soft robotics aims to emulate dynamic physiological locomotion, representing an ideal approach to recapitulate physiologically complex mechanical stimuli and enhance patient-specific tissue maturation. The kneecap's femoropopliteal artery (FPA) represents a highly flexible tissue across multiple axes during blood flow, walking, standing, and crouching positions, and these complex biomechanics are implicated in the FPA's frequent presentation of peripheral artery disease. We developed a soft pneumatically actuated (SPA) cell culture platform to investigate how patient-specific FPA mechanics affect lab-grown arterial tissues. Silicone hyperelastomers were screened for flexibility and biocompatibility, then additively manufactured into SPAs using a simulation-based design workflow to mimic normal and diseased FPA extensions in radial, angular, and longitudinal dimensions. SPA culture platforms were seeded with mesenchymal stem cells, connected to a pneumatic controller, and provided with 24-hour multi-axial exercise schedules to demonstrate the effect of dynamic conditioning on cell alignment, collagen production, and muscle differentiation without additional growth factors. Soft robotic bioreactors are promising platforms for recapitulating patient-, disease-, and lifestyle-specific mechanobiology for understanding disease, treatment simulations, and lab-grown tissue grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A Fell
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering; Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4001, AUSTRALIA
| | - Trent L Brooks-Richards
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering; Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4001, AUSTRALIA
| | - Mia Woodruff
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering; Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, AUSTRALIA
| | - Mark Colin Allenby
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Andrew N. Liveris Building, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, AUSTRALIA
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7
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Lee YW, Chun S, Son D, Hu X, Schneider M, Sitti M. A Tissue Adhesion-Controllable and Biocompatible Small-Scale Hydrogel Adhesive Robot. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109325. [PMID: 35060215 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the realization of minimally invasive medical interventions on targeted tissues using wireless small-scale medical robots has received an increasing attention. For effective implementation, such robots should have a strong adhesion capability to biological tissues and at the same time easy controlled detachment should be possible, which has been challenging. To address such issue, a small-scale soft robot with octopus-inspired hydrogel adhesive (OHA) is proposed. Hydrogels of different Young's moduli are adapted to achieve a biocompatible adhesive with strong wet adhesion by preventing the collapse of the octopus-inspired patterns during preloading. Introduction of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel for dome-like protuberance structure inside the sucker wall of polyethylene glycol diacrylate hydrogel provides a strong tissue attachment in underwater and at the same time enables easy detachment by temperature changes due to its temperature-dependent volume change property. It is finally demonstrated that the small-scale soft OHA robot can efficiently implement biomedical functions owing to strong adhesion and controllable detachment on biological tissues while operating inside the body. Such robots with repeatable tissue attachment and detachment possibility pave the way for future wireless soft miniature robots with minimally invasive medical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Woo Lee
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent System, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sungwoo Chun
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent System, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghoon Son
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent System, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Xinghao Hu
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent System, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martina Schneider
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent System, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent System, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
- School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
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8
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Seo BR, Mooney DJ. Recent and Future Strategies of Mechanotherapy for Tissue Regenerative Rehabilitation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4639-4642. [PMID: 35133789 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanotherapy, the application of various mechanical forces on injured or diseased tissue, is a viable option for tissue regenerative rehabilitation. Recent advances in tissue engineering (i.e., engineered materials and 3D printing) and soft-robotic technologies have enabled systematic and controlled studies to demonstrate the therapeutic impacts of mechanical stimulation on severely injured tissue. Along with innovation in actuation systems, improvements in analysis methods uncovering cellular and molecular landscapes during tissue regeneration under mechanical loading expand our understanding of how mechanical cues are translated into specific biological responses (i.e., stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, immune responses, etc.). Moving forward, the development of diversified actuation systems that are mechanically tissue friendly, easily scalable, and capable of delivering various modes of loading and monitoring functional biomarkers will facilitate systematic and controlled preclinical and clinical studies. Combining these future actuation systems with single-cell resolution analysis of cellular and molecular markers will enable detailed knowledge of underlying biological responses, and optimization of mechanotherapy protocols for specific tissues/injuries. These advancements will enable diverse mechanotherapy therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ri Seo
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Wyss Institute Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Wyss Institute Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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9
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Perez-Guagnelli E, Jones J, D. Damian D. Hyperelastic Membrane Actuators: Analysis of Toroidal and Helical Multifunctional Configurations. CYBORG AND BIONIC SYSTEMS 2022; 2022:9786864. [PMID: 36285311 PMCID: PMC9494722 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9786864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Technologies that provide mechanical assistance are required in the medical field, such as implants that regenerate tissue through elongation and stimulation. One of the challenges is to develop actuators that combine the benefits of high axial extension at low pressures, modularity, multifunction, and load-bearing capabilities into one design while maintaining their shape and softness. Overcoming such a challenge will provide implants with enhanced capacity for mechanical assistance to induce tissue regeneration. We introduce two novel actuators (M2H) built of stacked Hyperelastic Ballooning Membrane Actuators (HBMAs) that can be realized using helical and toroidal configurations. By restraining the HBMA expansion deterministically using a semisoft exoskeleton, the actuators are endowed with axial extension and radial expansion capabilities. These actuators are thus built of modules that can be configured to different therapeutical needs and multifunctionality, to provide anatomically congruent stimulation. We present the design, fabrication, testing, and numerical and experimental validation of the M2H-HBMAs. They can axially extend up to 41% and 32% in their helical and toroidal configurations at input pressures as low as 26 and 24 kPa, respectively. If the axial extension module is used separately, its extension capacity reaches >170%. The M2H-HBMAs can perform independent and simultaneous expansion and extension motions with negligible intraluminal deformation as well as stand at least 1 kg of axial force without collapsing. The M2H-HBMAs overcome the limitations of hyperexpanding machines that show low resistance to load. We envisage M2H-HBMAs as promising tools to perform tissue regeneration procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Jones
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Dana D. Damian
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, UK
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10
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Garcia L, Kerns G, O'Reilley K, Okesanjo O, Lozano J, Narendran J, Broeking C, Ma X, Thompson H, Njapa Njeuha P, Sikligar D, Brockstein R, Golecki HM. The Role of Soft Robotic Micromachines in the Future of Medical Devices and Personalized Medicine. MICROMACHINES 2021; 13:28. [PMID: 35056193 PMCID: PMC8781893 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Developments in medical device design result in advances in wearable technologies, minimally invasive surgical techniques, and patient-specific approaches to medicine. In this review, we analyze the trajectory of biomedical and engineering approaches to soft robotics for healthcare applications. We review current literature across spatial scales and biocompatibility, focusing on engineering done at the biotic-abiotic interface. From traditional techniques for robot design to advances in tunable material chemistry, we look broadly at the field for opportunities to advance healthcare solutions in the future. We present an extracellular matrix-based robotic actuator and propose how biomaterials and proteins may influence the future of medical device design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Garcia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Genevieve Kerns
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kaitlin O'Reilley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Omolola Okesanjo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jacob Lozano
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jairaj Narendran
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Conor Broeking
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hannah Thompson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Preston Njapa Njeuha
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Drashti Sikligar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Reed Brockstein
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Holly M Golecki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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11
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Dupont PE, Nelson BJ, Goldfarb M, Hannaford B, Menciassi A, O'Malley MK, Simaan N, Valdastri P, Yang GZ. A decade retrospective of medical robotics research from 2010 to 2020. Sci Robot 2021; 6:eabi8017. [PMID: 34757801 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abi8017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre E Dupont
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bradley J Nelson
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH-Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Goldfarb
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Blake Hannaford
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Marcia K O'Malley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Nabil Simaan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Pietro Valdastri
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Guang-Zhong Yang
- Medical Robotics Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Seo BR, Payne CJ, McNamara SL, Freedman BR, Kwee BJ, Nam S, de Lázaro I, Darnell M, Alvarez JT, Dellacherie MO, Vandenburgh HH, Walsh CJ, Mooney DJ. Skeletal muscle regeneration with robotic actuation-mediated clearance of neutrophils. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabe8868. [PMID: 34613813 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe8868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ri Seo
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher J Payne
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Viam Inc., New York, NY 10023, USA
| | - Stephanie L McNamara
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin R Freedman
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian J Kwee
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sungmin Nam
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Irene de Lázaro
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Max Darnell
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan T Alvarez
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maxence O Dellacherie
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Herman H Vandenburgh
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Conor J Walsh
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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13
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Iacovacci V, Tamadon I, Kauffmann EF, Pane S, Simoni V, Marziale L, Aragona M, Cobuccio L, Chiarugi M, Dario P, Del Prato S, Ricotti L, Vistoli F, Menciassi A. A fully implantable device for intraperitoneal drug delivery refilled by ingestible capsules. Sci Robot 2021; 6:6/57/eabh3328. [PMID: 34408097 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abh3328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Creating fully implantable robots that replace or restore physiological processes is a great challenge in medical robotics. Restoring blood glucose homeostasis in patients with type 1 diabetes is particularly interesting in this sense. Intraperitoneal insulin delivery could revolutionize type 1 diabetes treatment. At present, the intraperitoneal route is little used because it relies on accessing ports connecting intraperitoneal catheters to external reservoirs. Drug-loaded pills transported across the digestive system to refill an implantable reservoir in a minimally invasive fashion could open new possibilities in intraperitoneal delivery. Here, we describe PILLSID (PILl-refiLled implanted System for Intraperitoneal Delivery), a fully implantable robotic device refillable through ingestible magnetic pills carrying drugs. Once refilled, the device acts as a programmable microinfusion system for precise intraperitoneal delivery. The robotic device is grounded on a combination of magnetic switchable components, miniaturized mechatronic elements, a wireless powering system, and a control unit to implement the refilling and control the infusion processes. In this study, we describe the PILLSID prototyping. The device key blocks are validated as single components and within the integrated device at the preclinical level. We demonstrate that the refilling mechanism works efficiently in vivo and that the blood glucose level can be safely regulated in diabetic swine. The device weights 165 grams and is 78 millimeters by 63 millimeters by 35 millimeters, comparable with commercial implantable devices yet overcoming the urgent critical issues related to reservoir refilling and powering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Iacovacci
- BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Izadyar Tamadon
- BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Federico Kauffmann
- Division of General and Transplant Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Pane
- BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Virginia Simoni
- BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Marziale
- BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Aragona
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Cobuccio
- Emergency Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana Cisanello Hospital, Via Piero Trivella, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Chiarugi
- Emergency Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana Cisanello Hospital, Via Piero Trivella, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Dario
- BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.,Dubai Future Labs, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Stefano Del Prato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Ricotti
- BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Vistoli
- Division of General and Transplant Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Arianna Menciassi
- BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy. .,Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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14
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Yang GZ, Bellingham J, Dupont PE, Fischer P, Floridi L, Full R, Jacobstein N, Kumar V, McNutt M, Merrifield R, Nelson BJ, Scassellati B, Taddeo M, Taylor R, Veloso M, Wang ZL, Wood R. The grand challenges of Science Robotics. Sci Robot 2021; 3:3/14/eaar7650. [PMID: 33141701 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.aar7650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the ambitions of Science Robotics is to deeply root robotics research in science while developing novel robotic platforms that will enable new scientific discoveries. Of our 10 grand challenges, the first 7 represent underpinning technologies that have a wider impact on all application areas of robotics. For the next two challenges, we have included social robotics and medical robotics as application-specific areas of development to highlight the substantial societal and health impacts that they will bring. Finally, the last challenge is related to responsible innovation and how ethics and security should be carefully considered as we develop the technology further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhong Yang
- Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Jim Bellingham
- Center for Marine Robotics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Pierre E Dupont
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peer Fischer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Micro, Nano, and Molecular Systems Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Luciano Floridi
- Centre for Practical Ethics, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Digital Ethics Lab, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Data Ethics Group, Alan Turing Institute, London, UK.,Department of Economics, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Robert Full
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Neil Jacobstein
- Singularity University, NASA Research Park, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.,MediaX, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marcia McNutt
- National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC 20418, USA
| | - Robert Merrifield
- Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bradley J Nelson
- Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brian Scassellati
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mariarosaria Taddeo
- Digital Ethics Lab, Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Data Ethics Group, Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Russell Taylor
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Manuela Veloso
- Machine Learning Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Robert Wood
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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15
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Menciassi A, Iacovacci V. Implantable biorobotic organs. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:040402. [PMID: 33263096 PMCID: PMC7688341 DOI: 10.1063/5.0032508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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16
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Atwya M, Kavak C, Alisse E, Liu Y, Damian DD. Flexible and Expandable Robot for Tissue Therapies - Modeling and Design. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 68:568-578. [PMID: 32746055 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.3007714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Implantable technologies should be mechanically compliant with the tissue in order to maximize tissue quality and reduce inflammation during tissue reconstruction. We introduce the development of a flexible and expandable implantable robotic (FEIR) device for the regenerative elongation of tubular tissue by applying controlled and precise tension to the target tissue while minimizing the forces produced on the surrounding tissue. METHODS We introduce a theoretical framework based on iterative beam theory static analysis for the design of an expandable robot with a flexible rack. The model takes into account the geometry and mechanics of the rack to determine a trade-off between its stiffness and capability to deliver the required tissue tension force. We empirically validate this theory on the benchtop and with biological tissue. RESULTS We show that FEIR can apply the required therapeutical forces on the tissue while reducing the amount of force it applies to the surrounding tissues as well as reducing self-damage. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates a method to develop robots that can change size and shape to fit their dynamic environment while maintaining the precision and delicacy necessary to manipulate tissue by traction. SIGNIFICANCE The method is relevant to designers of implantable technologies. The robot is a precursor medical device for the treatment of Long-Gap Esophageal Atresia and Short Bowel Syndrome.
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17
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Abstract
Congenital diseases requiring reconstruction of parts of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, or bone are a challenge to alleviate especially in rapidly growing children. Novel technologies may be the answer. This article presents the state-of-art in regenerative robotic technologies, which are technologies that assist tissues and organs to regenerate using sensing and mechanotherapeutical capabilities. It addresses the challenges in the development of such technologies, among which are autonomy and fault-tolerance for long-term therapy as well as morphological conformations and compliance of such devices to adapt to gradual changes of the tissues in vivo. The potential as medical devices for delivering therapies for tissue growth and as tools for scientific exploration of regenerative mechanisms is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana D. Damian
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
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18
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Dang Y, Devaraj H, Stommel M, Cheng LK, McDaid AJ, Xu W. Experimental Investigation into the Dynamics of a Radially Contracting Actuator with Embedded Sensing Capability. Soft Robot 2020; 7:478-490. [PMID: 31923375 DOI: 10.1089/soro.2019.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamics, control, and sensing are still challenges for pneumatically actuated soft actuators. We consider feasible solutions based on a radially contracting actuator to overcome these challenges. The radially contracting actuator was inspired by the movement of the stomach wall. It was capable of achieving radial contraction by inflating its circular air chamber. A quasi-static model that relates the pressure with the deformed wall of the air chamber was proposed and validated. In this article, we conduct a thorough experimental investigation into the contracting dynamics of the actuator with embedded sensing capability. We analyze the kinematics of the actuator at its rest and pressurization states focusing on the midpoint of the deformed wall. The actuator dynamics is characterized under the square wave pressure input by two variables that are the pressure in the air chamber and the trajectories of the midpoint. To achieve the desired contraction, we construct a feed-forward control based on the quasi-static model. It proves that the actuator is capable of tracking a prescribed triangular wave displacement of the midpoint with small deviations. A custom-made soft sensor is integrated into the actuator, which brings in the embedded sensing capability without affecting the actuator compliance. The resistance changes of the sensor versus the controlled contraction are examined, which are used to indicate the amount of radial contraction. The experimental investigation provides a foundation for the closed-loop control and practical applications of the radially contracting actuator developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,The Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Harish Devaraj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Martin Stommel
- The Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Leo K Cheng
- The Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand.,Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,The Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Andrew J McDaid
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,The Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Weiliang Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,The Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand.,The Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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19
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Orive G, Taebnia N, Dolatshahi‐Pirouz A. A New Era for Cyborg Science Is Emerging: The Promise of Cyborganic Beings. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901023. [PMID: 31778037 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Living flesh, hacked beyond known biological borders, and sophisticated machineries, made by humans, are currently being united to address some of the impending challenges in medicine. Imagine biological systems made from smart biomaterials with the capacity to operate like smart machines to regulate insulin production in diabetic patients, or cardiac patches that can monitor and release important biological factors, on demand, to optimize the mending of broken hearts. It sounds like something from the realm of science fiction; however, this big gap between the real world and the world of fantasy and fiction is slowly being bridged. This piece sheds a much-needed light on this emerging area, as this futuristic concept is gaining momentum, at a speed, that soon will ignite a paradigm shift in disease management and the healthcare sector as an entirety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Paseo de la Universidad 7 01006 Vitoria‐Gasteiz Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in BioengineeringBiomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN) 01006 Vitoria‐Gasteiz Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology – UIRMI (UPV/EHU‐Fundación Eduardo Anitua) 01009 Vitoria Spain
- Singapore Eye Research InstituteThe Academia 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Singapore 169856 Singapore
| | - Nayere Taebnia
- DTU HealthtechCenter for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of BiopharmaceuticalsTechnical University of Denmark 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Alireza Dolatshahi‐Pirouz
- DTU HealthtechCenter for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of BiopharmaceuticalsTechnical University of Denmark 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
- Department of Regenerative BiomaterialsRadboud University Medical Center Philips van Leydenlaan 25 6525 EX Nijmegen The Netherlands
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20
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Cheng Y, Chan KH, Wang XQ, Ding T, Li T, Lu X, Ho GW. Direct-Ink-Write 3D Printing of Hydrogels into Biomimetic Soft Robots. ACS NANO 2019; 13:13176-13184. [PMID: 31625724 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are promising starting materials for biomimetic soft robots as they are intrinsically soft and hold properties analogous to nature's organic parts. However, the restrictive mold-casting and post-assembly fabrication alongside mechanical fragility impedes the development of hydrogel-based soft robots. Herein, we harness biocompatible alginate as a rheological modifier to manufacture 3D freeform architectures of both chemically and physically cross-linked hydrogels using the direct-ink-write (DIW) printing. The intrinsically hydrophilic polymer network of alginate allows the preservation of the targeted functions of the host hydrogels, accompanied by enhanced mechanical toughness. The integration of free structures and available functionalities from diversified hydrogel family renders an enriched design platform for bioinspired fluidic and stimulus-activated robotic prototypes from an artificial mobile tentacle, a bioengineered robotic heart with beating-transporting functions, and an artificial tendril with phototropic motion. The design strategy expands the capabilities of hydrogels in realizing geometrical versatility, mechanical tunability, and actuation complexity for biocompatible soft robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , Singapore 117583
| | - Kwok Hoe Chan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , Singapore 117583
| | - Xiao-Qiao Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , Singapore 117583
| | - Tianpeng Ding
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , Singapore 117583
| | - Tongtao Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , Singapore 117583
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , Singapore 117583
| | - Ghim Wei Ho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 3 , Singapore 117583
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21
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Yang GZ. Looking ahead- Science Robotics in its second year. Sci Robot 2018; 3:3/14/eaas9540. [PMID: 33141702 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.aas9540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The editor of Science Robotics reviews the journal's first year and plans for the year ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhong Yang
- Guang-Zhong Yang is the editor of Science Robotics and the director and co-founder of the Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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