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Ding F, Ma Y, Fan W, Xu J, Pan G. Tailor-made molecular imprints for biological event intervention. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:1097-1111. [PMID: 38604879 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Molecular imprints, which are crosslinked architectures containing specific molecular recognition cavities for targeting compounds, have recently transitioned from in vitro diagnosis to in vivo treatment. In current application scenarios, it has become an important topic to create new biomolecular recognition pathways through molecular imprinting, thereby inhibiting the pathogenesis and regulating the development of diseases. This review starts with a pathological analysis, mainly focusing on the corresponding artificial enzymes, enzyme inhibitors and antibody mimics with enhanced functions that are created by molecular imprinting strategies. Recent advances are highlighted in the use of molecular imprints as tailor-made nanomedicines for the prevention of three major diseases: metabolic syndrome, cancer, and bacterial/viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ding
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yue Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Wensi Fan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Guoqing Pan
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
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Zhang L, Li J. Unlocking the secrets: the power of methylation-based cfDNA detection of tissue damage in organ systems. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:168. [PMID: 37858233 PMCID: PMC10588141 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detecting organ and tissue damage is essential for early diagnosis, treatment decisions, and monitoring disease progression. Methylation-based assays offer a promising approach, as DNA methylation patterns can change in response to tissue damage. These assays have potential applications in early detection, monitoring disease progression, evaluating treatment efficacy, and assessing organ viability for transplantation. cfDNA released into the bloodstream upon tissue or organ injury can serve as a biomarker for damage. The epigenetic state of cfDNA, including DNA methylation patterns, can provide insights into the extent of tissue and organ damage. CONTENT Firstly, this review highlights DNA methylation as an extensively studied epigenetic modification that plays a pivotal role in processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and disease development. It then presents a variety of highly precise 5-mC methylation detection techniques that serve as powerful tools for gaining profound insights into epigenetic alterations linked with tissue damage. Subsequently, the review delves into the mechanisms underlying DNA methylation changes in organ and tissue damage, encompassing inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage repair mechanisms. Next, it addresses the current research status of cfDNA methylation in the detection of specific organ tissues and organ damage. Finally, it provides an overview of the multiple steps involved in identifying specific methylation markers associated with tissue and organ damage for clinical trials. This review will explore the mechanisms and current state of research on cfDNA methylation-based assay detecting organ and tissue damage, the underlying mechanisms, and potential applications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, No. 1 Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, No. 1 Dahua Road, Dongdan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Rosenthal LS, Yang J, Mao X. Dysregulated miRNAs mark Parkinson's disease progression. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:241-242. [PMID: 37118412 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liana S Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Roy S, Dhaneshwar S, Bhasin B. Drug Repurposing: An Emerging Tool for Drug Reuse, Recycling and Discovery. Curr Drug Res Rev 2021; 13:101-119. [PMID: 33573567 DOI: 10.2174/2589977513666210211163711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug repositioning or repurposing is a revolutionary breakthrough in drug development that focuses on rediscovering new uses for old therapeutic agents. Drug repositioning can be defined more precisely as the process of exploring new indications for an already approved drug while drug repurposing includes overall re-development approaches grounded in the identical chemical structure of the active drug moiety as in the original product. The repositioning approach accelerates the drug development process, curtails the cost and risk inherent to drug development. The strategy focuses on the polypharmacology of drugs to unlocks novel opportunities for logically designing more efficient therapeutic agents for unmet medical disorders. Drug repositioning also expresses certain regulatory challenges that hamper its further utilization. The review outlines the eminent role of drug repositioning in new drug discovery, methods to predict the molecular targets of a drug molecule, advantages that the strategy offers to the pharmaceutical industries, explaining how the industrial collaborations with academics can assist in the discovering more repositioning opportunities. The focus of the review is to highlight the latest applications of drug repositioning in various disorders. The review also includes a comparison of old and new therapeutic uses of repurposed drugs, assessing their novel mechanisms of action and pharmacological effects in the management of various disorders. Various restrictions and challenges that repurposed drugs come across during their development and regulatory phases are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Roy
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, India
| | - Suneela Dhaneshwar
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, India
| | - Bhavya Bhasin
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
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Lerma-Usabiaga G, Mukherjee P, Ren Z, Perry ML, Wandell BA. Replication and generalization in applied neuroimaging. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116048. [PMID: 31356879 PMCID: PMC6819246 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is much interest in translating neuroimaging findings into meaningful clinical diagnostics. The goal of scientific discoveries differs from clinical diagnostics. Scientific discoveries must replicate under a specific set of conditions; to translate to the clinic we must show that findings using purpose-built scientific instruments will be observable in clinical populations and instruments. Here we describe and evaluate data and computational methods designed to translate a scientific observation to a clinical setting. Using diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), Wahl et al. (2010) observed that across subjects the mean fractional anisotropy (FA) of homologous pairs of tracts is highly correlated. We hypothesize that this is a fundamental biological trait that should be present in most healthy participants, and deviations from this assessment may be a useful diagnostic metric. Using this metric as an illustration of our methods, we analyzed six pairs of homologous white matter tracts in nine different DWI datasets with 44 subjects each. Considering the original FA measurement as a baseline, we show that the new metric is between 2 and 4 times more precise when used in a clinical context. Our framework to translate research findings into clinical practice can be applied, in principle, to other neuroimaging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garikoitz Lerma-Usabiaga
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Jordan Hall Building, 94305, Stanford, CA, USA; BCBL. Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Mikeletegi Pasealekua 69, Donostia - San Sebastián, 20009, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Pratik Mukherjee
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhimei Ren
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, 390 Serra Mall, Sequoia Hall Building, 94305, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael L Perry
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Jordan Hall Building, 94305, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian A Wandell
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Jordan Hall Building, 94305, Stanford, CA, USA
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Sharma A, Arambula JF, Koo S, Kumar R, Singh H, Sessler JL, Kim JS. Hypoxia-targeted drug delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:771-813. [PMID: 30575832 PMCID: PMC6361706 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00304a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a state of low oxygen tension found in numerous solid tumours. It is typically associated with abnormal vasculature, which results in a reduced supply of oxygen and nutrients, as well as impaired delivery of drugs. The hypoxic nature of tumours often leads to the development of localized heterogeneous environments characterized by variable oxygen concentrations, relatively low pH, and increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The hypoxic heterogeneity promotes tumour invasiveness, metastasis, angiogenesis, and an increase in multidrug-resistant proteins. These factors decrease the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs and can provide a barrier to advancing drug leads beyond the early stages of preclinical development. This review highlights various hypoxia-targeted and activated design strategies for the formulation of drugs or prodrugs and their mechanism of action for tumour diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
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Rush AJ, Ibrahim HM. A Clinician's Perspective on Biomarkers. FOCUS: JOURNAL OF LIFE LONG LEARNING IN PSYCHIATRY 2018; 16:124-134. [PMID: 31975907 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20170044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatrists and mental health professionals regularly perform various clinical tasks (e.g., detection, differential diagnosis, prognostication, treatment selection and implementation). How well they perform each of these tasks has a direct impact on patient outcomes. Measurement-based care has brought greater precision to these tasks and has improved outcomes. This article provides an overview of the types of biomeasures and biomarkers, the clinical uses of biomarkers, and the challenges in their development and clinical use. Although still in their infancy, biomarkers hold the promise of bringing even greater precision and even better outcomes in mental health. Biomeasures that could become biomarkers include genetic, proteomic, metabolomic, and immunologic measures, as well as physiological, functional, and brain structural measures. Mechanistic markers reflect and are based on the specific pathobiological processes that are involved in the development of a clinically defined condition. Some clinically relevant biomarkers may rely on this mechanistic understanding while others may not. Clinical biomarkers serve three broadly defined goals. Diagnostic markers define what is wrong. Prognostic markers define what will happen in the natural course of the condition, although they may also predict the course of illness during treatment. Theranostic markers address issues pertinent to treatment by defining whether, when, whom, and how to treat. Other biomarkers may be used to monitor the overall effect of treatment regardless of the therapeutic effects or to monitor the specific therapeutic effects of the intervention on the disorder itself. Biomarkers can also be used to estimate susceptibility/risk of developing the condition or the biological consequences of having had the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- A John Rush
- Dr. Rush is professor emeritus, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore; adjunct professor at the Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina, and at the Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Permina Basin. Dr. Ibrahim is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Hicham M Ibrahim
- Dr. Rush is professor emeritus, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore; adjunct professor at the Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina, and at the Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Permina Basin. Dr. Ibrahim is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
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Maxfield KE, Buckman-Garner S, Parekh A. The Role of Public-Private Partnerships in Catalyzing the Critical Path. Clin Transl Sci 2017; 10:431-442. [PMID: 28776943 PMCID: PMC6402188 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly E Maxfield
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - ShaAvhrée Buckman-Garner
- Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Ameeta Parekh
- Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex and highly heterogeneous disease. By now, no novel drug has been approved by the US FDA in the past 50 years, except Belimumab, a monoclonal antibody to inhibit B-cell activating factor. The stagnating drug development of lupus may be due to our limited understanding of disease etiopathogenesis and the extreme heterogeneity of patient population. Thus, the individualized treatment for SLE becomes necessary. Recently, biomarkers have shown potential in individualized treatment. This review comprehensively summarizes novel potential biomarkers, discusses their current status in preclinical studies and clinical use, sensitivity to treatments and correlation with the disease activity, and provides an insight into the possibility of biomarkers in the utilization of individualized treatment for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Machado-Vieira R, Henter ID, Zarate CA. New targets for rapid antidepressant action. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 152:21-37. [PMID: 26724279 PMCID: PMC4919246 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Current therapeutic options for major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are associated with a lag of onset that can prolong distress and impairment for patients, and their antidepressant efficacy is often limited. All currently approved antidepressant medications for MDD act primarily through monoaminergic mechanisms. Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and glutamate and its cognate receptors are implicated in the pathophysiology of MDD, and in the development of novel therapeutics for this disorder. The rapid and robust antidepressant effects of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist ketamine were first observed in 2000. Since then, other NMDA receptor antagonists have been studied in MDD. Most have demonstrated relatively modest antidepressant effects compared to ketamine, but some have shown more favorable characteristics. This article reviews the clinical evidence supporting the use of novel glutamate receptor modulators with direct affinity for cognate receptors: (1) non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonists (ketamine, memantine, dextromethorphan, AZD6765); (2) subunit (GluN2B)-specific NMDA receptor antagonists (CP-101,606/traxoprodil, MK-0657); (3) NMDA receptor glycine-site partial agonists (GLYX-13); and (4) metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) modulators (AZD2066, RO4917523/basimglurant). We also briefly discuss several other theoretical glutamate receptor targets with preclinical antidepressant-like efficacy that have yet to be studied clinically; these include α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleproprionic acid (AMPA) agonists and mGluR2/3 negative allosteric modulators. The review also discusses other promising, non-glutamatergic targets for potential rapid antidepressant effects, including the cholinergic system (scopolamine), the opioid system (ALKS-5461), corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) receptor antagonists (CP-316,311), and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ioline D Henter
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Recent developments in circulating biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease: the potential use of miRNAs in a clinical setting. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:2497-2518. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 5% of the elderly population. PD diagnosis is still based on the identification of neuromotor symptoms although nonmotor manifestations emerge years prior to diagnosis. The discovery of biomarkers at the earliest stages of PD is of extreme interest. miRNAs have been considered potential biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases, but only a limited number have been found to be PD related. This review focuses on the current findings in the field of circulating miRNAs in PD and the challenges surrounding clinical utility and validation. We briefly describe the more established circulating biomarkers in PD and provide a more thorough review of miRNAs differentially expressed in PD. We highlight their potential for being considered as biomarkers for diagnosis while emphasizing the challenges for adequate validation of the findings and how miRNAs can be envisioned in a clinical setting satisfying regulatory bodies.
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13
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Quantitative 3D analysis of bone in hip osteoarthritis using clinical computed tomography. Eur Radiol 2015; 26:2047-54. [PMID: 26443603 PMCID: PMC4902845 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-4048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To assess the relationship between proximal femoral cortical bone thickness and radiological hip osteoarthritis using quantitative 3D analysis of clinical computed tomography (CT) data. Methods Image analysis was performed on clinical CT imaging data from 203 female volunteers with a technique called cortical bone mapping (CBM). Colour thickness maps were created for each proximal femur. Statistical parametric mapping was performed to identify statistically significant differences in cortical bone thickness that corresponded with the severity of radiological hip osteoarthritis. Kellgren and Lawrence (K&L) grade, minimum joint space width (JSW) and a novel CT-based osteophyte score were also blindly assessed from the CT data. Results For each increase in K&L grade, cortical thickness increased by up to 25 % in distinct areas of the superolateral femoral head–neck junction and superior subchondral bone plate. For increasing severity of CT osteophytes, the increase in cortical thickness was more circumferential, involving a wider portion of the head–neck junction, with up to a 7 % increase in cortical thickness per increment in score. Results were not significant for minimum JSW. Conclusions These findings indicate that quantitative 3D analysis of the proximal femur can identify changes in cortical bone thickness relevant to structural hip osteoarthritis. Key Points • CT is being increasingly used to assess bony involvement in osteoarthritis • CBM provides accurate and reliable quantitative analysis of cortical bone thickness • Cortical bone is thicker at the superior femoral head–neck with worse osteoarthritis • Regions of increased thickness co-locate with impingement and osteophyte formation • Quantitative 3D bone analysis could enable clinical disease prediction and therapy development Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00330-015-4048-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Zeng T, Zhang W, Yu X, Liu X, Li M, Chen L. Big-data-based edge biomarkers: study on dynamical drug sensitivity and resistance in individuals. Brief Bioinform 2015; 17:576-92. [DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbv078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Kelloff GJ, Sigman CC, Scher HI. Biomarker development in the context of urologic cancers. Urol Oncol 2015; 33:295-301. [PMID: 25746942 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has called for the use of analytically validated biomarkers that have strong evidence of being fit for purpose to identify patients likely to respond and to evaluate the patient response to a therapy, potential toxicity, and drug resistance. This article discusses development and application of these biomarkers in the context of urologic cancers-specifically in cancers of the prostate and urinary bladder. METHODS The FDA has defined four specific categories for contexts of biomarker use: prognostic, predictive, response-indicator, and efficacy-response (surrogate endpoints). Prognostic and predictive biomarkers include pretreatment characteristics of the patient and the tumor. Response-indicator and efficacy response biomarkers occur after treatment and show the effects of treatment on biomarkers. Efficacy response biomarkers show changes associated with clinical benefit and can be surrogates for clinical endpoints leading to drug approvals. RESULTS Well-structured development plans are required to satisfy rigorous criteria that must be met to qualify biomarkers for specific contexts of use in drug development and patient management. A description of the extensive effort applied to the validation and qualification of circulating tumor cells in castration resistant prostate cancer is described as an example of the potential utility of biomarkers in urological cancers. CONCLUSIONS Many potential biomarkers have been identified in prostate and urinary bladder cancers, but few have sufficient demonstration of analytical and clinical validity to meet FDA standards for use in clinical settings. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) assays are particularly promising candidates for informative new biomarkers to measure disease before and after treatment. New technologies are providing opportunities for high definition, more informative analysis. Statistical and computational methodologies to describe assay results are also rapidly evolving. These advances will lead to better diagnosis, earlier indications of treatment response and failure, and better definition of patient cohorts that will respond to a specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J Kelloff
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Howard I Scher
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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Tang CK, Vaze A, Rusling JF. Paper-based electrochemical immunoassay for rapid, inexpensive cancer biomarker protein detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2014; 6:8878-8881. [PMID: 25431626 PMCID: PMC4242424 DOI: 10.1039/c4ay01962h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Inexpensive, reusable electrochemical sensor chips were fabricated from gold CDs. All reagents were loaded onto a paper disk sequentially, then placed on the chip to detect cancer biomarker prostate specific antigen (PSA) in serum at pg mL-1 levels in ∼15 mins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, USA
| | - A Vaze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, USA
| | - J F Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, USA ; Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA ; Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032 ; School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Ireland
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Abstract
Diseases and death caused by exposure to tobacco smoke have become the single most serious preventable public health concern. Thus, biomarkers that can monitor tobacco exposure and health effects can play a critical role in tobacco product regulation and public health policy. Biomarkers of exposure to tobacco toxicants are well established and have been used in population studies to establish public policy regarding exposure to second-hand smoke, an example being the nicotine metabolite cotinine, which can be measured in urine. Biomarkers of biological response to tobacco smoking range from those indicative of inflammation to mRNA and microRNA patterns related to tobacco use and/or disease state. Biomarkers identifying individuals with an increased risk for a pathological response to tobacco have also been described. The challenge for any novel technology or biomarker is its translation to clinical and/or regulatory application, a process that requires first technical validation of the assay and then careful consideration of the context the biomarker assay may be used in the regulatory setting. Nonetheless, the current efforts to investigate new biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure promise to offer powerful new tools in addressing the health hazards of tobacco product use. This review will examine such biomarkers, albeit with a focus on those related to cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Mattes
- Division of Systems Biology, Food & Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA.
| | - Xi Yang
- Division of Systems Biology, Food & Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Michael S Orr
- Office of Science, Food & Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia Richter
- Office of Science, Food & Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Donna L Mendrick
- Division of Systems Biology, Food & Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
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Aylward EH. Magnetic resonance imaging striatal volumes: a biomarker for clinical trials in Huntington's disease. Mov Disord 2014; 29:1429-33. [PMID: 25164586 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An abundance of research shows that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) striatal volumes decrease long before diagnosis of Huntington's disease (HD) and closely track disease progression. Additional research indicates that these volumetric measures meet important criteria for a biomarker that can be used in clinical trials: They are 1) objectively measureable; 2) able to predict known endpoints; and 3) associated with known mechanisms of pathology of the disease. Researchers should consider formal application to regulatory agencies for biomarker status of volumetric MRI striatal measures, because these measures are anticipated to contribute significantly in the assessment of treatment effectiveness in HD.
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Niciu MJ, Mathews DC, Nugent AC, Ionescu DF, Furey ML, Richards EM, Machado-Vieira R, Zarate CA. Developing biomarkers in mood disorders research through the use of rapid-acting antidepressants. Depress Anxiety 2014; 31:297-307. [PMID: 24353110 PMCID: PMC3984598 DOI: 10.1002/da.22224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An impediment to progress in mood disorders research is the lack of analytically valid and qualified diagnostic and treatment biomarkers. Consistent with the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)'s Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, the lack of diagnostic biomarkers has precluded us from moving away from a purely subjective (symptom-based) toward a more objective diagnostic system. In addition, treatment response biomarkers in mood disorders would facilitate drug development and move beyond trial-and-error toward more personalized treatments. As such, biomarkers identified early in the pathophysiological process are proximal biomarkers (target engagement), while those occurring later in the disease process are distal (disease pathway components). One strategy to achieve this goal in biomarker development is to increase efforts at the initial phases of biomarker development (i.e. exploration and validation) at single sites with the capability of integrating multimodal approaches across a biological systems level. Subsequently, resultant putative biomarkers could then undergo characterization and surrogacy as these latter phases require multisite collaborative efforts. We have used multimodal approaches - genetics, proteomics/metabolomics, peripheral measures, multimodal neuroimaging, neuropsychopharmacological challenge paradigms and clinical predictors - to explore potential predictor and mediator/moderator biomarkers of the rapid-acting antidepressants ketamine and scopolamine. These exploratory biomarkers may then be used for a priori stratification in larger multisite controlled studies during the validation and characterization phases with the ultimate goal of surrogacy. In sum, the combination of target engagement and well-qualified disease-related measures are crucial to improve our pathophysiological understanding, personalize treatment selection, and expand our armamentarium of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Niciu
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, and Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Allison C. Nugent
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, and Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dawn F. Ionescu
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, and Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maura L. Furey
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, and Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Erica M. Richards
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, and Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, and Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carlos A. Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, and Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
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20
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Gu Q, Yu LR. Proteomics quality and standard: from a regulatory perspective. J Proteomics 2013; 96:353-9. [PMID: 24316359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics has emerged as a rapidly expanding field dealing with large-scale protein analyses. It is anticipated that proteomics data will be increasingly submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for biomarker qualification or in conjunction with applications for the approval of drugs, medical devices, and other FDA-regulated consumer products. To date, however, no established guideline has been available regarding the generation, submission and assessment of the quality of proteomics data that will be reviewed by regulatory agencies for decision making. Therefore, this commentary is aimed at provoking some thoughts and debates towards developing a framework which can guide future proteomics data submission. The ultimate goal is to establish quality control standards for proteomics data generation and evaluation, and to prepare government agencies such as the FDA to meet future obligations utilizing proteomics data to support regulatory decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Gu
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, USA
| | - Li-Rong Yu
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, USA.
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21
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Shi Q, Yang X, Mendrick DL. Hopes and challenges in using miRNAs as translational biomarkers for drug-induced liver injury. Biomark Med 2013; 7:307-15. [PMID: 23547824 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for better biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) to guide risk assessment and patient management. Over the past 3 years, both animal and clinical studies have provided proof-of-concept data showing that a subset of miRNAs appear to offer unique advantages over the conventional DILI biomarkers, such as enhanced sensitivity and specificity, reduced inter-individual variations, the potential to differentiate lethal and nonlethal liver injury, and the ability to reflect the patterns and even the etiology of liver injury. Notably, many studies have demonstrated that level of miR-122, a liver-enriched miRNA accounting for approximately 70% of total hepatic miRNAs, was increased many fold in the blood when DILI occurred. However, currently available data are predominantly based on animal models and not human samples. Due to the lack of a standard quantification method for miRNAs and confirmatory studies using a comprehensive list of drugs and patients, the true value of all reported miRNA biomarkers remains to be carefully assessed. An outstanding challenge is to examine if miRNAs are also useful for idiosyncratic DILI, which constitutes the major part of clinical DILI cases but generally cannot be recapitulated in traditional animal models or in clinical trials (the latter due to its relative rarity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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22
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Beger RD. A review of applications of metabolomics in cancer. Metabolites 2013; 3:552-74. [PMID: 24958139 PMCID: PMC3901293 DOI: 10.3390/metabo3030552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a devastating disease that alters the metabolism of a cell and the surrounding milieu. Metabolomics is a growing and powerful technology capable of detecting hundreds to thousands of metabolites in tissues and biofluids. The recent advances in metabolomics technologies have enabled a deeper investigation into the metabolism of cancer and a better understanding of how cancer cells use glycolysis, known as the “Warburg effect,” advantageously to produce the amino acids, nucleotides and lipids necessary for tumor proliferation and vascularization. Currently, metabolomics research is being used to discover diagnostic cancer biomarkers in the clinic, to better understand its complex heterogeneous nature, to discover pathways involved in cancer that could be used for new targets and to monitor metabolic biomarkers during therapeutic intervention. These metabolomics approaches may also provide clues to personalized cancer treatments by providing useful information to the clinician about the cancer patient’s response to medical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Beger
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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23
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Wang H, Mattes WB, Richter P, Mendrick DL. An omics strategy for discovering pulmonary biomarkers potentially relevant to the evaluation of tobacco products. Biomark Med 2013; 6:849-60. [PMID: 23227851 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.12.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is known to cause serious lung diseases including chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive lung disease, obstruction of small airways, emphysema and cancer. Tobacco smoke is a complex chemical aerosol containing at least 8000 chemical constituents, either tobacco derived or added by tobacco product manufacturers. Identification of all of the toxic agents in tobacco smoke is challenging, and efforts to understand the mechanisms by which tobacco use causes disease will be informed by new biomarkers of exposure and harm. In 2009, President Obama signed into law the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act granting the US FDA the authority to regulate tobacco products to protect public health. This perspective article presents the background, rationale and strategy for using omics technologies to develop new biomarkers, which may be of interest to the FDA when implementing the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Wang
- Food & Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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24
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Abstract
To improve future drug development and patient management for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), surrogate biomarkers that are linked to relevant outcomes are urgently needed. A biomarker must be measurable, reproducible, linked to relevant clinical outcomes, and demonstrate clinical utility. This area is rapidly evolving, with recent trials in patients with CRPC incorporating the detection of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), imaging, and patient-reported outcome biomarkers. We discuss the framework for the development of biomarkers for CRPC, including different categories and contexts of use. We also highlight the requirements of analytical validation, the sequence of trials needed for clinical validation and regulatory approval, and the future outlook for imaging and CTC biomarkers.
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25
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Drucker E, Krapfenbauer K. Pitfalls and limitations in translation from biomarker discovery to clinical utility in predictive and personalised medicine. EPMA J 2013; 4:7. [PMID: 23442211 PMCID: PMC3599714 DOI: 10.1186/1878-5085-4-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the emergence of the so-called omics technology, thousands of putative biomarkers have been identified and published, which have dramatically increased the opportunities for developing more effective therapeutics. These opportunities can have profound benefits for patients and for the economics of healthcare. However, the transfer of biomarkers from discovery to clinical practice is still a process filled with lots of pitfalls and limitations, mostly limited by structural and scientific factors. To become a clinically approved test, a potential biomarker should be confirmed and validated using hundreds of specimens and should be reproducible, specific and sensitive. Besides the lack of quality in biomarker validation, a number of other key issues can be identified and should be addressed. Therefore, the aim of this article is to discuss a series of interpretative and practical issues that need to be understood and resolved before potential biomarkers become a clinically approved test or are already on the diagnostic market. Some of these issues are shortly discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Drucker
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Head and Neck Surgery, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna A-1090, Austria.
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26
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Crenshaw DG, Gottschalk WK, Lutz MW, Grossman I, Saunders AM, Burke JR, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Brannan SK, Burns DK, Roses AD. Using genetics to enable studies on the prevention of Alzheimer's disease. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013; 93:177-85. [PMID: 23249780 PMCID: PMC4131283 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2012.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Curing Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains an elusive goal; indeed, it may even prove to be impossible, given the nature of the disease. Although modulating disease progression is an attractive target and will alleviate the burden of the most severe stages, this strategy will not reduce the prevalence of the disease itself. Preventing or (as described in this article) delaying the onset of cognitive impairment and AD will provide the greatest benefit to individuals and society by pushing the onset of disease into the later years of life. Because of the high variability in the age of onset of the disease, AD prevention studies that do not stratify participants by age-dependent disease risk will be operationally challenging, being large in size and of long duration. We present a composite genetic biomarker to stratify disease risk so as to facilitate clinical studies in high-risk populations. In addition, we discuss the rationale for the use of pioglitazone to delay the onset of AD in individuals at high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Crenshaw
- Joseph & Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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27
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Incorporating Pharmacogenomics in Drug Development. Pharmacogenomics 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-391918-2.00018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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28
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Hoffmann D, Bijol V, Krishnamoorthy A, Gonzalez VR, Frendl G, Zhang Q, Goering PL, Brown RP, Waikar SS, Vaidya VS. Fibrinogen excretion in the urine and immunoreactivity in the kidney serves as a translational biomarker for acute kidney injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:818-28. [PMID: 22819533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Fibrinogen (Fg) is significantly up-regulated in the kidney after acute kidney injury (AKI). We evaluated the performance of Fg as a biomarker for early detection of AKI. In rats and mice with kidney tubular damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) or cisplatin administration, respectively; kidney tissue and urinary Fg increased significantly and correlated with histopathological injury, urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and N-acetyl glucosaminidase (NAG) corresponding to the progression and regression of injury temporally. In a longitudinal follow-up of 31 patients who underwent surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm, urinary Fg increased earlier than SCr in patients who developed postoperative AKI (AUC-ROC = 0.72). Furthermore, in a cohort of patients with biopsy-proven AKI (n = 53), Fg immunoreactivity in the tubules and interstitium increased remarkably and was able to distinguish patients with AKI from those without AKI (n = 59). These results suggest that immunoreactivity of Fg in the kidney, as well as urinary excretion of Fg, serves as a sensitive and early diagnostic translational biomarker for detection of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Hoffmann
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Malhotra R, Patel V, Chikkaveeraiah BV, Munge BS, Cheong SC, Zain RB, Abraham MT, Dey DK, Gutkind JS, Rusling JF. Ultrasensitive detection of cancer biomarkers in the clinic by use of a nanostructured microfluidic array. Anal Chem 2012; 84:6249-55. [PMID: 22697359 PMCID: PMC3418660 DOI: 10.1021/ac301392g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiplexed biomarker protein detection holds unrealized promise for clinical cancer diagnostics due to lack of suitable measurement devices and lack of rigorously validated protein panels. Here we report an ultrasensitive electrochemical microfluidic array optimized to measure a four-protein panel of biomarker proteins, and we validate the protein panel for accurate oral cancer diagnostics. Unprecedented ultralow detection into the 5-50 fg·mL(-1) range was achieved for simultaneous measurement of proteins interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and VEGF-C in diluted serum. The immunoarray achieves high sensitivity in 50 min assays by using off-line protein capture by magnetic beads carrying 400,000 enzyme labels and ~100,000 antibodies. After capture of the proteins and washing to inhibit nonspecific binding, the beads are magnetically separated and injected into the array for selective capture by antibodies on eight nanostructured sensors. Good correlations with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for protein determinations in conditioned cancer cell media confirmed the accuracy of this approach. Normalized means of the four protein levels in 78 oral cancer patient serum samples and 49 controls gave clinical sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 98% for oral cancer detection, demonstrating high diagnostic utility. The low-cost, easily fabricated immunoarray provides a rapid serum test for diagnosis and personalized therapy of oral cancer. The device is readily adaptable to clinical diagnostics of other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Malhotra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Vyomesh Patel
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Bernard S. Munge
- Department of Chemistry, Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode Island
| | - Sok Ching Cheong
- Oral Cancer Research Team, Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF), Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur
| | - Rosnah B. Zain
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur
| | - Mannil T. Abraham
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Klang, Malaysia
| | - Dipak K. Dey
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James F. Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
- Institute of Material Science, University of Connecticut, Connecticut
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
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30
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Lucs A, Saltman B, Chung CH, Steinberg BM, Schwartz DL. Opportunities and challenges facing biomarker development for personalized head and neck cancer treatment. Head Neck 2012; 35:294-306. [PMID: 22287320 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck oncologists have traditionally relied on clinical tumor features and patient characteristics to guide care of individual patients. As surgical, radiotherapeutic, and systemic treatments have evolved to become more anatomically precise and mechanistically specific, the opportunity for improved cure and functional patient recovery has never been more promising for this historically debilitating cancer. However, personalized treatment must be accompanied by sophisticated patient selection to triage the application of advanced therapies toward ideal patient candidates. In this monograph, we review current progress, investigative themes, and key challenges facing head and neck cancer biomarker development intended to make personalized head and neck cancer treatment a clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lucs
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Saltman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Christine H Chung
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bettie M Steinberg
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - David L Schwartz
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA.,Department of Radiation Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
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31
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Novel outcomes and end points: biomarkers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease clinical trials. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2011; 8:350-5. [PMID: 21816991 DOI: 10.1513/pats.201101-015rm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarker development in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a nascent field, in part because of the complexity underlying COPD pathogenesis. The objective of this review is to provide examples of how biomarkers may be effectively applied in clinical trials of COPD by limiting their use to specific contexts and using them to answer well delineated questions. Types of novel outcomes or "biomarkers" that may be useful in clinical trials in COPD include analyses performed on bronchoscopically obtained samples, sputum, exhaled gases, blood, and urine and "ex vivo" assays performed using biological samples obtained from trial participants. These novel biological outcomes are rarely useful as primary end points in phase III clinical trials in COPD, because they are not typically recognized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or other regulatory agencies. More commonly, the applications of these outcomes include "proof-of-concept" decisions, demonstration that the intervention had the intended pharmacologic or biological effect, identification of patient subgroups that benefit most, and safety monitoring. Examples given in this review include outcomes used in a phase IIA study of an inhaled small molecule inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor. Large observational studies of COPD, including the ECLIPSE, COPDGene, and SPIROMICS studies will further inform our use of biomarkers in COPD clinical trials. To encourage the application of novel biomarkers in clinical trials, the Food and Drug Administration has developed a new process for biomarker "qualification." This process has been designed to be more efficient and to promote consensus building and sharing of preclinical data.
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32
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Henriksen K, Christiansen C, Karsdal MA. Serological biochemical markers of surrogate efficacy and safety as a novel approach to drug repositioning. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:967-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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33
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Yu LR. Pharmacoproteomics and toxicoproteomics: The field of dreams. J Proteomics 2011; 74:2549-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Teaming up for biomarker future. Many problems still hinder the use of biomarkers in clinical practice, but new public-private partnerships could improve the situation. EMBO Rep 2011; 12:500-4. [PMID: 21629306 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2011.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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35
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Mani V, Chikkaveeraiah BV, Rusling JF. Magnetic particles in ultrasensitive biomarker protein measurements for cancer detection and monitoring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 5:381-391. [PMID: 22102846 DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2011.607161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD: Devices for the reliable detection of panels of biomarker proteins facilitated by magnetic bead-based technologies have the potential to greatly improve future cancer diagnostics. The reason for this review is to highlight promising research on emerging procedures for protein capture, transport and detection featuring magnetic particles. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW: The review covers applications of magnetic particles in protein immunoassays in emerging research and commercial methods, and stresses multiplexed protein assays for reliable future cancer diagnostics. Research literature over the past dozen years has been surveyed and specific examples are presented in detail. EXPERT OPINION: Magnetic particles are important components of emerging protein detection systems. They need to be integrated into simple inexpensive systems for accurate, sensitive detection of fully validated panels of biomarker proteins to be widely useful in clinical cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigneshwaran Mani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
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36
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Woodcock J, Buckman S, Goodsaid F, Walton MK, Zineh I. Qualifying biomarkers for use in drug development: a US Food and Drug Administration overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 5:369-74. [DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2011.588947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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37
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Matheis K, Laurie D, Andriamandroso C, Arber N, Badimon L, Benain X, Bendjama K, Clavier I, Colman P, Firat H, Goepfert J, Hall S, Joos T, Kraus S, Kretschmer A, Merz M, Padro T, Planatscher H, Rossi A, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Schuppe-Koistinen I, Thomann P, Vidal JM, Molac B. A generic operational strategy to qualify translational safety biomarkers. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:600-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Mendrick DL. Transcriptional profiling to identify biomarkers of disease and drug response. Pharmacogenomics 2011; 12:235-49. [PMID: 21332316 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.10.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery, biological qualification and analytical validation of genomic biomarkers requires extensive collaborations between individuals with expertise in biology, statistics, bioinformatics, chemistry, clinical medicine, regulatory science and so on. For clinical utility, blood-borne biomarkers (e.g., mRNA and miRNA) of organ damage, drug toxicity and/or response would be preferred to those that are tissue based. Currently used biomarkers such as serum creatinine (indicating renal dysfunction) denote organ damage whether caused by disease, physical injury or drugs. Therefore, it is anticipated that studies of disease will discover biomarkers that can also be used to identify drug-induced injury and vice versa. This article describes transcriptomic blood-borne biomarkers that have been reported to be connected with disease and drug toxicity. Much more qualification and validation needs to be carried out before many of these biomarkers can prove useful. Discussed here are some of the lessons learned and roadblocks to success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Mendrick
- Division of Systems Biology, HFT-230, National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079-4502, USA.
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39
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Kraus VB. Osteoarthritis year 2010 in review: biochemical markers. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011; 19:346-53. [PMID: 21320614 PMCID: PMC3065527 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
At the 2010 Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) congress in Brussels I was asked to present on "Biochemical Markers" in the "Year in Review" session. This provided an opportunity to summarize ongoing work and consensus building in the osteoarthritis research community related to osteoarthritis biomarkers, and second, and an opportunity to briefly overview a subset of studies from the previous 12 months related to soluble biomarkers that provided novel insights in the field. This review therefore briefly summarizes the progress in 2010 of the OARSI OA Biomarkers Global Initiative and the OARSI FDA Biomarkers Working Group, and provides a summary of selected osteoarthritis biomarker studies reported over the previous 12 months based on a review of articles from seven musculoskeletal journals and a PubMed search using the terms biomarkers and osteoarthritis.
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40
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Flood DG, Marek GJ, Williams M. Developing predictive CSF biomarkers-a challenge critical to success in Alzheimer's disease and neuropsychiatric translational medicine. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 81:1422-34. [PMID: 21295552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The need to develop effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease has been confounded by repeated clinical failures where promising new chemical entities that have been extensively characterized in preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease have failed to show efficacy in the human disease state. This has been attributed to: the selection of drug targets that have yet to be shown as causal to the disease as distinct from being the result of the disease process, a lack of congruence in the animal models of Alzheimer's disease, wild-type and transgenic, to the human disease, and the enrollment of patients in proof of concept clinical trials who are at too advanced a stage of the disease to respond to any therapeutic. The development of validated biomarkers that can be used for disease diagnosis and progression is anticipated to improve patient enrollment in clinical trials, to develop new animal models and to identify new disease targets for drug discovery. The present review assesses the status of current efforts in developing CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and briefly discusses the status of CSF biomarker efforts in schizophrenia, depression, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy G Flood
- Worldwide Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., West Chester, PA 19380, USA
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Barratt CLR, Mansell S, Beaton C, Tardif S, Oxenham SK. Diagnostic tools in male infertility-the question of sperm dysfunction. Asian J Androl 2011; 13:53-8. [PMID: 21102478 PMCID: PMC3739390 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2010.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 10/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm dysfunction is the single most common cause of infertility, yet what is remarkable is that, there is no drug a man can take or add to his spermatozoa in vitro to improve fertility. One reason for the lack of progress in this area is that our understanding of the cellular and molecular workings of the mature spermatazoon is limited. However, over the last few years there has been considerable progress in our knowledge base and in addressing new methods to diagnose sperm dysfunction. We review the current state of the field and provide insights for further development. We conclude that: (i) there is little to be gained from more studies identifying/categorizing various populations of men using a basic semen assessment, where an effort is required in making sure the analysis is performed in an appropriate high quality way; (ii) technological development is likely to bring the reality of sperm function testing closer to implementation into the clinical pathways. In doing this, these assays must be robust, cheap (or more appropriately termed cost effective), easy to use and clinically useful; and (iii) clinical necessity, e.g., the need to identify the highest quality spermatozoon for injection is driving basic research forward. This is an exciting time to be an andrologist and, likely, a fruitful one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L R Barratt
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Maternal and Child Health Science Laboratories, Centre for Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
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