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Zaman W, Ye J, Saqib S, Liu Y, Shan Z, Hao D, Chen Z, Xiao P. Predicting potential medicinal plants with phylogenetic topology: Inspiration from the research of traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114515. [PMID: 34388416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants are a dominant source of pharmacological drugs for the treatment and cure of different disorders and diseases. However, selecting the most biologically active plant species for further screening is still challenging. Phylogeny has strong explanatory powers and provides predictive perspectives that are not available in traditional plant classifications. China, which is endowed with a diverse set of therapeutic cures from Mother Nature, represents an ideal environment for the phylogenetic analysis of potential medicinal plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Herein, we prepared a database of 7,451 traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) plants, including species with therapeutic effects grouped in 14 categories. To limit our exploration of novel therapeutic species, we plotted the medicinal effects on the phylogenetic tree of almost 30,000 species of China to find hot nodes of therapeutic effects. We used the net relatedness index (NRI) and the nearest taxon index (NTI) to identify clustering and overdispersion of the phylogenetic distribution of TCM plants. RESULTS The NRI and NTI analyses highlighted 3,392 hot node species with single therapeutic effects within 507 genera and 89 families on the phylogenetic tree and about 70% of the 14 medicinal categories clusters identified. The general pattern of the hot nodes on the phylogenetic tree indicates that basal angiosperms and basal eudicots radiated for therapeutic effects. CONCLUSIONS Our study may provide a more targeted way to discover phylogeny-guided drugs in the early screening stage, which may lead to a higher discovery efficiency of new drugs with meaningful biological activities. Phylogenetic studies of plants that are richer in bioactive compounds can set the ground for the identification and discovery of alternative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Zaman
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jianfei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Saddam Saqib
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Zhangjian Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Dacheng Hao
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, 116028, China.
| | - Zhiduan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Wu Y, Cheng Y, Yang Y, Wang D, Yang X, Fu C, Zhang J, Hu Y. Mechanisms of Gegen Qinlian Pill to ameliorate irinotecan-induced diarrhea investigated by the combination of serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 276:114200. [PMID: 33989737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicine suggests the use of natural extracts and compounds is a promising strategy to prevent irinotecan (CPT-11)-induced gut toxicity and resulting diarrhea. Previous work from our lab indicated the protective effect of Gegen Qinlian decoction; given this, we further speculated that Gegen Qinlian Pill (GQP) would exhibit similar therapeutic effects. The effective material basis as well as potential mechanisms underlying the effect of GQP for the treatment of CPT-11-induced diarrhea have not been fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY The application of natural extracts or compounds derived from Chinese medicine is deemed to a promising strategy to prevent irinotecan (CPT-11)-induced gut toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigated the beneficial effects of GQP on CPT-11-induced gut toxicity and further explored its anti-diarrheal mechanism. METHODS First, the beneficial effect of GQP in alleviating diarrhea in mice following CPT-11 administration was investigated. We also obtained the effective ingredients in GQP from murine serum samples using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis. Based on these active components, we next established an interaction network linking "compound-target-pathway". Finally, a predicted mechanism of action was obtained using in vivo GQP validation based on Gene Ontology (GO) functional and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. RESULTS A total of 19, GQP-derived chemical compounds were identified in murine serum samples. An interaction network linking "compound-target-pathway" was then established to illuminate the interaction between the components present in serum and their targets that mitigated diarrhea. These results indicated GQP exerted a curative effect on diarrhea and diarrhea-related diseases through different targets, which cumulatively regulated inflammation, oxidative stress, and proliferation processes. CONCLUSION Taken together, this study provides a feasible strategy to elucidate the effective constituents in traditional Chinese medicine formulations. More specifically, this work detailed the basic pharmacological effects and underlying mechanism behind GQP's effects in the treatment of CPT-11-induced gut toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yuhan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Di Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Chaomei Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jinming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yichen Hu
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
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Guo XH, Ni J, Xue JL, Wang X. Phyllanthus emblica Linn. fruit extract potentiates the anticancer efficacy of mitomycin C and cisplatin and reduces their genotoxicity to normal cells in vitro. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 18:1031-1045. [PMID: 29204983 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fruit of Phyllanthus emblica Linn. (PE) is widely consumed as a functional food and used as a folk medicine due to its remarkable nutritional and pharmacological effects. Mitomycin C (MMC) and cisplatin (cDDP) are the most widely used forms of chemotherapeutic drug, but their clinical use is limited by their genotoxicity to normal cells. We aimed to determine whether PE has potential to reduce the genotoxicity, while improving the anticancer effect, of MMC and cDDP. METHODS Cell proliferation was evaluated using the trypan blue exclusion assay and colony-forming assay. Genomic instability (GIN) was measured using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. RESULTS Co-treatment (72 h) with PE at 20-320 μg/ml significantly enhanced the efficacy of MMC (0.05 μg/ml) and cDDP (1 μg/ml) against Colo205 colorectal cancer cells (P<0.05), and at 80-320 μg/ml significantly decreased MMC- and cDDP-induced GIN and multinucleation in normal colonic NCM460 cells (P<0.05). PE significantly decreased the mitotic index (P<0.01), blocked mitotic progression (P<0.05), and promoted apoptosis (P<0.01) in MMC- and cDDP-treated NCM460 cells, suggesting that PE-mediated inhibition of mitosis and induction of apoptosis may limit the division and survival of highly damaged cells. Also, PE was found to inhibit the clonal expansion of MMC- and cDDP-treated NCM460 cells (P<0.05) and decrease the heterogeneity of the surviving clones. CONCLUSIONS PE potentiates the anticancer efficacy of MMC and cDDP, while preventing their genotoxicity and inhibiting clonal expansions of unstable genomes in normal cells. These data suggest that PE has the potential to reduce the risk of secondary cancers induced by chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Han Guo
- School of Life Sciences, the Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China.,School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Juan Ni
- School of Life Sciences, the Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jing-Lun Xue
- Institute of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, the Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China.,School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
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Zhang T, Lu SH, Bi Q, Liang L, Wang YF, Yang XX, Gu W, Yu J. Volatile Oil from Amomi Fructus Attenuates 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:786. [PMID: 29170638 PMCID: PMC5684147 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amomi Fructus has been used to treat digestive diseases in the context of traditional Chinese medicine, so we evaluated the effects of a volatile oil from Amomum villosum (VOA) on intestinal mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). We measured the effect of VOA and its main active constituent, bornyl acetate (BA), on body weight, food intake, diarrhea, inflammatory cytokines, the mucosal barrier, and gut microbiota. VOA and BA significantly increased the rats' body weight, relieved diarrhea, and reversed histopathological changes in the gut and inflammation. VOA significantly inhibited apoptosis and alleviated the endoenteritis by downregulating p38 MAPK and caspase-3 expression. VOA and BA strengthened the intestinal mucosal barrier by increasing zonula occludin-1 and occludin expression. VOA and BA reduced the amount of pathogenic bacteria and increased the abundance of probiotics. Thus, VOA prevented the development and progression of intestinal mucositis after chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wen Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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Amitani M, Amitani H, Sloan RA, Suzuki H, Sameshima N, Asakawa A, Nerome Y, Owaki T, Inui A, Hoshino E. The translational aspect of complementary and alternative medicine for cancer with particular emphasis on Kampo. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:150. [PMID: 26300773 PMCID: PMC4527580 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) including Japanese Kampo is known to have anticancer potential. An increasing number of cancer survivors are using CAM for disease prevention, immune system enhancement, and symptom control. Although there have been abundant previous clinical reports regarding CAM, scientific investigations aimed at acquiring quantifiable results in clinical trials, as well as basic research regarding CAM, have only recently been undertaken. Recent studies suggest that CAM enhancement of immune function is related to cytokines. This review provides a translational aspect of CAM, particularly Hozai in Kampo from both scientific and clinical points of view for further development of CAM for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Amitani
- Education Center for Doctors in Remote Islands and Rural Areas, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima, Japan ; Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Haruka Amitani
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Robert A Sloan
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hajime Suzuki
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Nanami Sameshima
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Asakawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Nerome
- Education Center for Doctors in Remote Islands and Rural Areas, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Owaki
- Education Center for Doctors in Remote Islands and Rural Areas, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akio Inui
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Etsuo Hoshino
- Division of Kampo Support, Cancer Institute Hospital Tokyo, Japan
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Liu SH, Chuang WC, Lam W, Jiang Z, Cheng YC. Safety surveillance of traditional Chinese medicine: current and future. Drug Saf 2015; 38:117-28. [PMID: 25647717 PMCID: PMC4348117 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-014-0250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicine, including traditional Chinese medicine, has been used for the prevention, treatment, and cure of disorders or diseases for centuries. In addition to being used directly as therapeutic agents, medicinal plants are also important sources for pharmacological drug research and development. With the increasing consumption of herbal products intended to promote better health, it is extremely important to assure the safety and quality of herbal preparations. However, under current regulation surveillance, herbal preparations may not meet expectations in safety, quality, and efficacy. The challenge is how to assure the safety and quality of herbal products for consumers. It is the responsibility of producers to minimize hazardous contamination and additives during cultivation, harvesting, handling, processing, storage, and distribution. This article reviews the current safety obstacles that have been involved in traditional Chinese herbal medicine preparations with examples of popular herbs. Approaches to improve the safety of traditional Chinese medicine are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwu-Huey Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Wu-Chang Chuang
- Brion Research Institute of Taiwan, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Zaoli Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Single agent polysaccharopeptide delays metastases and improves survival in naturally occurring hemangiosarcoma. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:384301. [PMID: 22988473 PMCID: PMC3440946 DOI: 10.1155/2012/384301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The 2008 World Health Organization World Cancer Report describes global cancer incidence soaring with many patients living in countries that lack resources for cancer control. Alternative treatment strategies that can reduce the global disease burden at manageable costs must be developed. Polysaccharopeptide (PSP) is the bioactive agent from the mushroom Coriolus versicolor. Studies indicate PSP has in vitro antitumor activities and inhibits the growth of induced tumors in animal models. Clear evidence of clinically relevant benefits of PSP in cancer patients, however, is lacking. The investment of resources required to complete large-scale, randomized controlled trials of PSP in cancer patients is more easily justified if antitumor and survival benefits are documented in a complex animal model of a naturally occurring cancer that parallels human disease. Because of its high metastatic rate and vascular origin, canine hemangiosarcoma is used for investigations in antimetastatic and antiangiogenic therapies. In this double-blind randomized multidose pilot study, high-dose PSP significantly delayed the progression of metastases and afforded the longest survival times reported in canine hemangiosarcoma. These data suggest that, for those cancer patients for whom advanced treatments are not accessible, PSP as a single agent might offer significant improvements in morbidity and mortality.
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Rockwell S, Grove TA, Liu Y, Cheng YC, Higgins SA, Booth CJ. Preclinical studies of the Chinese Herbal Medicine formulation PHY906 (KD018) as a potential adjunct to radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 89:16-25. [PMID: 22856538 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.717733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal and pelvic radiotherapy is limited by the radiosensitivity of the small and large intestine. PHY906 (KD018), a state-of-the-art, well defined adaptation of a traditional Chinese medicine, decreased intestinal injury from chemotherapy in preclinical studies and is in clinical trials with chemotherapy. This project assessed whether PHY906 would also reduce intestinal injury from abdominal irradiation in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS BALB/c mice received whole-abdomen irradiation (2 Gy/day) ± PHY906 by oral gavage twice daily for 4 days. Intestinal injury was assayed by physiological observations and histological studies. Effects of PHY906 on EMT6 mouse mammary tumors were assayed in tumor growth studies. RESULTS PHY906 decreased toxicity from fractionated abdominal irradiation. Radiation alone produced marked blunting and loss of villi, crypt hyperplasia and irregular crypt morphology, which were reduced by PHY906. The radiation-induced reduction in viable crypt numbers was also mitigated by PHY906. PHY906 did not alter radiation-induced weight loss, but resulted in more rapid recovery. PHY906 did not alter tumor growth, local invasion or metastatic spread and did not protect tumors from growth delays produced by single-dose or fractionated irradiation. CONCLUSION In this mouse model, PHY906 (KD018) decreased the toxicity of abdominal irradiation without protecting tumors and thereby increased the therapeutic ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rockwell
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA.
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