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Rosenbaum D, Saftig P. New insights into the function and pathophysiology of the ectodomain sheddase A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10). FEBS J 2024; 291:2733-2766. [PMID: 37218105 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The 'A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 10' (ADAM10) has gained considerable attention due to its discovery as an 'α-secretase' involved in the nonamyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein, thereby possibly preventing the excessive generation of the amyloid beta peptide, which is associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. ADAM10 was found to exert many additional functions, cleaving about 100 different membrane proteins. ADAM10 is involved in many pathophysiological conditions, ranging from cancer and autoimmune disorders to neurodegeneration and inflammation. ADAM10 cleaves its substrates close to the plasma membrane, a process referred to as ectodomain shedding. This is a central step in the modulation of the functions of cell adhesion proteins and cell surface receptors. ADAM10 activity is controlled by transcriptional and post-translational events. The interaction of ADAM10 with tetraspanins and the way they functionally and structurally depend on each other is another topic of interest. In this review, we will summarize findings on how ADAM10 is regulated and what is known about the biology of the protease. We will focus on novel aspects of the molecular biology and pathophysiology of ADAM10 that were previously poorly covered, such as the role of ADAM10 on extracellular vesicles, its contribution to virus entry, and its involvement in cardiac disease, cancer, inflammation, and immune regulation. ADAM10 has emerged as a regulator controlling cell surface proteins during development and in adult life. Its involvement in disease states suggests that ADAM10 may be exploited as a therapeutic target to treat conditions associated with a dysfunctional proteolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rosenbaum
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany
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2
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Yu H, Kohno S, Voon DCC, Hussein NH, Zhang Y, Nakayama J, Takegami Y, Takahashi C. RECK/GPR124-driven WNT signaling in pancreatic and gastric cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2024. [PMID: 38923741 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
RECK has been described to modulate extracellular matrix components through negative regulation of MMP activities. Recently, RECK was demonstrated to bind to an orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR124 to mediate WNT7 signaling in nontumor contexts. Here, we attempted to clarify the role of RECK in driving WNT signaling in cancer cells. RECK and GPR124 formed a complex in 293T cells, and when both were expressed, WNT signaling was significantly enhanced in a WNT7-dependent manner. This cooperation was abolished when RECK mutants unable to bind to GPR124 were transduced. RECK stimulated the growth of KRAS-mutated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells with increased sensitivity to WNT inhibitor in a GPR124-dependent manner. A gastric cancer cell line SH10TC endogenously expresses both RECK and GPR124 under regular culture conditions. In this cell line, inhibited cell growth and WNT signaling as well as increased apoptosis in the GPR124 depletion was dominantly found over those in the RECK deletion. These findings suggest that RECK promotes tumor cell growth by positively modulating WNT signaling through GPR124. This study proposes that the RECK/GPR124 complex might be a good therapeutic target in PDAC and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yu
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Susumu Kohno
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | - Nada Hamdy Hussein
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Joji Nakayama
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yujiro Takegami
- DNAFORM Precision Gene Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Zhang N, Westerhaus A, Wilson M, Wang E, Goff L, Sockanathan S. Physiological regulation of neuronal Wnt activity is essential for TDP-43 localization and function. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00156-8. [PMID: 38918634 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear exclusion of the RNA- and DNA-binding protein TDP-43 can induce neurodegeneration in different diseases. Diverse processes have been implicated to influence TDP-43 mislocalization, including disrupted nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT); however, the physiological pathways that normally ensure TDP-43 nuclear localization are unclear. The six-transmembrane enzyme glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 2 (GDE2 or GDPD5) cleaves the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor that tethers some proteins to the membrane. Here we show that GDE2 maintains TDP-43 nuclear localization by regulating the dynamics of canonical Wnt signaling. Ablation of GDE2 causes aberrantly sustained Wnt activation in adult neurons, which is sufficient to cause NCT deficits, nuclear pore abnormalities, and TDP-43 nuclear exclusion. Disruption of GDE2 coincides with TDP-43 abnormalities in postmortem tissue from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Further, GDE2 deficits are evident in human neural cell models of ALS, which display erroneous Wnt activation that, when inhibited, increases mRNA levels of genes regulated by TDP-43. Our study identifies GDE2 as a critical physiological regulator of Wnt signaling in adult neurons and highlights Wnt pathway activation as an unappreciated mechanism contributing to nucleocytoplasmic transport and TDP-43 abnormalities in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Anna Westerhaus
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Macey Wilson
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Biological Sciences 302, 120 Cedar St., Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ethan Wang
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Loyal Goff
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Kavli Neurodiscovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shanthini Sockanathan
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Aguilar-Martínez SY, Campos-Viguri GE, Medina-García SE, García-Flores RJ, Deas J, Gómez-Cerón C, Pedroza-Torres A, Bautista-Rodríguez E, Fernández-Tilapa G, Rodríguez-Dorantes M, Pérez-Plasencia C, Peralta-Zaragoza O. MiR-21 Regulates Growth and Migration of Cervical Cancer Cells by RECK Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4086. [PMID: 38612895 PMCID: PMC11012906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Expression of miR-21 has been found to be altered in almost all types of cancers, and it has been classified as an oncogenic microRNA. In addition, the expression of tumor suppressor gene RECK is associated with miR-21 overexpression in high-grade cervical lesions. In the present study, we analyze the role of miR-21 in RECK gene regulation in cervical cancer cells. To identify the downstream cellular target genes of upstream miR-21, we silenced endogenous miR-21 expression using siRNAs. We analyzed the expression of miR-21 and RECK, as well as functional effects on cell proliferation and migration. We found that in cervical cancer cells, there was an inverse correlation between miR-21 expression and RECK mRNA and protein expression. SiRNAs to miR-21 increased luciferase reporter activity in construct plasmids containing the RECK-3'-UTR microRNA response elements MRE21-1, MRE21-2, and MRE21-3. The role of miR-21 in cell proliferation was also analyzed, and cancer cells transfected with siRNAs exhibited a markedly reduced cell proliferation and migration. Our findings indicate that miR-21 post-transcriptionally down-regulates the expression of RECK to promote cell proliferation and cell migration inhibition in cervical cancer cell survival. Therefore, miR-21 and RECK may be potential therapeutic targets in gene therapy for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seidy Y. Aguilar-Martínez
- Direction of Chronic Infections and Cancer, Research Center in Infection Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (S.Y.A.-M.); (G.E.C.-V.); (S.E.M.-G.); (R.J.G.-F.); (J.D.)
| | - Gabriela E. Campos-Viguri
- Direction of Chronic Infections and Cancer, Research Center in Infection Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (S.Y.A.-M.); (G.E.C.-V.); (S.E.M.-G.); (R.J.G.-F.); (J.D.)
| | - Selma E. Medina-García
- Direction of Chronic Infections and Cancer, Research Center in Infection Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (S.Y.A.-M.); (G.E.C.-V.); (S.E.M.-G.); (R.J.G.-F.); (J.D.)
| | - Ricardo J. García-Flores
- Direction of Chronic Infections and Cancer, Research Center in Infection Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (S.Y.A.-M.); (G.E.C.-V.); (S.E.M.-G.); (R.J.G.-F.); (J.D.)
| | - Jessica Deas
- Direction of Chronic Infections and Cancer, Research Center in Infection Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (S.Y.A.-M.); (G.E.C.-V.); (S.E.M.-G.); (R.J.G.-F.); (J.D.)
| | - Claudia Gómez-Cerón
- Department of Epidemiology of Cancer, Research Center Population Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico;
| | - Abraham Pedroza-Torres
- Programa Investigadoras e Investigadores por México, Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías, México City 14080, Mexico;
- Hereditary Cancer Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City 14080, Mexico
| | | | - Gloria Fernández-Tilapa
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39070, Mexico;
| | | | - Carlos Pérez-Plasencia
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City 14080, Mexico;
- Biomedicine Unit, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz 54090, Mexico
| | - Oscar Peralta-Zaragoza
- Direction of Chronic Infections and Cancer, Research Center in Infection Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico; (S.Y.A.-M.); (G.E.C.-V.); (S.E.M.-G.); (R.J.G.-F.); (J.D.)
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Daudelin D, Westerhaus A, Zhang N, Leyder E, Savonenko A, Sockanathan S. Loss of GDE2 leads to complex behavioral changes including memory impairment. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2024; 20:7. [PMID: 38575965 PMCID: PMC10993612 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-024-00234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD) are debilitating neurodegenerative diseases for which there are currently no cures. Familial cases with known genetic causes make up less than 10% of these diseases, and little is known about the underlying mechanisms that contribute to sporadic disease. Accordingly, it is important to expand investigations into possible pathways that may contribute to disease pathophysiology. Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 2 (GDE2 or GDPD5) is a membrane-bound enzyme that acts at the cell surface to cleave the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor that tethers distinct proteins to the membrane. GDE2 abnormally accumulates in intracellular compartments in the brain of patients with AD, ALS, and ALS/FTD, indicative of GDE2 dysfunction. Mice lacking GDE2 (Gde2KO) show neurodegenerative changes such as neuronal loss, reduced synaptic proteins and synapse loss, and increased Aβ deposition, raising the possibility that GDE2 disruption in disease might contribute to disease pathophysiology. However, the effect of GDE2 loss on behavioral function and learning/memory has not been characterized. RESULTS Here, we show that GDE2 is expressed throughout the adult mouse brain in areas including the cortex, hippocampus, habenula, thalamus, and amygdala. Gde2KO and WT mice were tested in a set of behavioral tasks between 7 and 16 months of age. Compared to WT, Gde2KO mice display moderate hyperactivity that becomes more pronounced with age across a variety of behavioral tests assessing novelty-induced exploratory activity. Additionally, Gde2KO mice show reduced startle response, with females showing additional defects in prepulse inhibition. No changes in anxiety-associated behaviors were found, but Gde2KOs show reduced sociability. Notably, aged Gde2KO mice demonstrate impaired short/long-term spatial memory and cued fear memory/secondary contextual fear acquisition. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these observations suggest that loss of GDE2 leads to behavioral deficits, some of which are seen in neurodegenerative disease models, implying that loss of GDE2 may be an important contributor to phenotypes associated with neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Daudelin
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, PCTB 1004, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Anna Westerhaus
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, PCTB 1004, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Nan Zhang
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, PCTB 1004, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Erica Leyder
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 558 Ross Research Building, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Graduate Program in Life Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Alena Savonenko
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 558 Ross Research Building, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Sensory-Motor Neuroscience (SMN), Center for Scientific Review, ICN Review Branch, National Institutes of Health, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Suite 1010-F, Bethesda, MD, 20892 , USA.
| | - Shanthini Sockanathan
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, PCTB 1004, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Naß J, Terglane J, Zeuschner D, Gerke V. Evoked Weibel-Palade Body Exocytosis Modifies the Endothelial Cell Surface by Releasing a Substrate-Selective Phosphodiesterase. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306624. [PMID: 38359017 PMCID: PMC11040351 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Weibel Palade bodies (WPB) are lysosome-related secretory organelles of endothelial cells. Commonly known for their main cargo, the platelet and leukocyte receptors von-Willebrand factor (VWF) and P-selectin, WPB play a crucial role in hemostasis and inflammation. Here, the authors identify the glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain-containing protein 5 (GDPD5) as a WPB cargo protein and show that GDPD5 is transported to WPB following uptake from the plasma membrane via an unique endocytic transport route. GDPD5 cleaves GPI-anchored, plasma membrane-resident proteins within their GPI-motif, thereby regulating their local activity. The authors identify a novel target of GDPD5 , the complement regulator CD59, and show that it is released from the endothelial surface by GDPD5 following WPB exocytosis. This results in increased deposition of complement components and can enhance local inflammatory and thrombogenic responses. Thus, stimulus-induced WPB exocytosis can modify the endothelial cell surface by GDPD5-mediated selective release of a subset of GPI-anchored proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Naß
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of InflammationUniversity of Muenstervon‐Esmarch‐Str. 5648149MuensterGermany
| | - Julian Terglane
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of InflammationUniversity of Muenstervon‐Esmarch‐Str. 5648149MuensterGermany
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Electron Microscopy FacilityMax Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineRoentgenstr. 2048149MuensterGermany
| | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of InflammationUniversity of Muenstervon‐Esmarch‐Str. 5648149MuensterGermany
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Chen J, Chen JS, Li S, Zhang F, Deng J, Zeng LH, Tan J. Amyloid Precursor Protein: A Regulatory Hub in Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2024; 15:201-225. [PMID: 37307834 PMCID: PMC10796103 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Decades of research have demonstrated an incontrovertible role of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the overemphasis on the pathological impacts of Aβ may obscure the role of its metabolic precursor, amyloid precursor protein (APP), as a significant hub in the occurrence and progression of AD. The complicated enzymatic processing, ubiquitous receptor-like properties, and abundant expression of APP in the brain, as well as its close links with systemic metabolism, mitochondrial function and neuroinflammation, imply that APP plays multifaceted roles in AD. In this review, we briefly describe the evolutionarily conserved biological characteristics of APP, including its structure, functions and enzymatic processing. We also discuss the possible involvement of APP and its enzymatic metabolites in AD, both detrimental and beneficial. Finally, we describe pharmacological agents or genetic approaches with the capability to reduce APP expression or inhibit its cellular internalization, which can ameliorate multiple aspects of AD pathologies and halt disease progression. These approaches provide a basis for further drug development to combat this terrible disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Jun-Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Song Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Fengning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Jie Deng
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Ling-Hui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zhi J, Yin L, Zhang Z, Lv Y, Wu F, Yang Y, Zhang E, Li H, Lu N, Zhou M, Hu Q. Network pharmacology-based analysis of Jin-Si-Wei on the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117291. [PMID: 37925002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jin-Si-Wei (JSW), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, have cognitive enhancing effect and delay the memory decline in an animal model of AD, which has been reported. However, the therapeutic mechanism of JSW in the treatment of AD remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to verify the pharmacodynamics of JSW in the treatment of AD, and to explore its potential mechanism based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental validation both in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the underlying mechanism of JSW against AD was investigated by the integration of network pharmacology. Then, the core pathways and biological process of JSW were verified by experiment, including behavioral test and pathological and biochemical assays with 6-month-old APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic (APP/PS1) mice in vivo and verified with Aβ1-42-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells in vitro. At last, molecular docking was used to show the binding activity of each active ingredient to the core genes of JSW treatment in AD. RESULTS A Drug-Ingredient-Target network was established, which included 363 ingredients and 116 targets related to the JSW treatment of AD. The main metabolic pathway of JSW treatment for AD is neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, and biological processes are mainly involved in Aβ metabolic process. In vivo experiments, compared with APP/PS1 mice, the cognitive and memory ability of mice was significantly improved after JSW administration. In brain tissue of APP/PS1 mice, JSW could increase the contents of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1), enkephalinase (NEP) and Acetyl choline (ACh), and decrease the contents of Aβ1-42, amyloid precursor protein (APP) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), decrease the vitality of cholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Besides, JSW could increase α-secretase expression and decrease β/γ-secretase expression, and improve the number and morphology of synapses in CA1 region of the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. In vitro experiments, Drug-Containing Serum (JSW-serum) has a neuroprotective effect by reducing the apoptosis on Aβ1-42-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells. Molecular docking results showed that 2-Isopropyl-8-methylphenanthrene-3,4-dione had strong binding activity with PTGS2, which maybe a potential ingredient for the treatment of AD. CONCLUSIONS JSW improves AD in APP/PS1 mice, and this therapeutic effect may be achieved in part by altering the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Zhoudong Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, PR China
| | - Yaozhong Lv
- Nanjing Central Hospital, Nanjing, 210018, PR China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Enming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Huanqiu Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, PR China.
| | - Ning Lu
- Nanjing Central Hospital, Nanjing, 210018, PR China.
| | - Mengze Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Qinghua Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
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McKean M, Napoli FR, Hasan T, Joseph T, Wheeler A, Beebe K, Soriano-Cruz S, Kawano M, Cave C. GDE6 promotes progenitor identity in the vertebrate neural tube. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1047767. [PMID: 37025379 PMCID: PMC10070723 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1047767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of neurons in the central nervous system is a complex, stepwise process necessitating the coordinated activity of mitotic progenitors known as radial glia. Following neural tube closure, radial glia undergo a period of active proliferation to rapidly expand their population, creating a densely packed neurepithelium. Simultaneously, radial glia positioned across the neural tube are uniquely specified to produce diverse neuronal sub-types. Although these cellular dynamics are well studied, the molecular mechanisms governing them are poorly understood. The six-transmembrane Glycerophosphodiester Phosphodiesterase proteins (GDE2, GDE3, and GDE6) comprise a family of cell-surface enzymes expressed in the embryonic nervous system. GDE proteins can release Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins from the cell surface via cleavage of their lipid anchor. GDE2 has established roles in motor neuron differentiation and oligodendrocyte maturation, and GDE3 regulates oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation. Here, we describe a role for GDE6 in early neural tube development. Using RNAscope, we show that Gde6 mRNA is expressed by ventricular zone progenitors in the caudal neural tube. Utilizing in-ovo electroporation, we show that GDE6 overexpression promotes neural tube hyperplasia and ectopic growths of the neurepithelium. At later stages, electroporated embryos exhibit an expansion of the ventral patterning domains accompanied by reduced cross-repression. Ultimately, electroporated embryos fail to produce the full complement of post-mitotic motor neurons. Our findings indicate that GDE6 overexpression significantly affects radial glia function and positions GDE6 as a complementary factor to GDE2 during neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Clinton Cave
- Neuroscience Program, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, United States
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10
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Liao S, Lin Y, Liu L, Yang S, Lin Y, He J, Shao Y. ADAM10-a "multitasker" in sepsis: focus on its posttranslational target. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:395-423. [PMID: 36565333 PMCID: PMC9789377 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis has a complex pathogenesis in which the uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response triggered by infection leads to vascular barrier disruption, microcirculation dysfunction and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Numerous recent studies reveal that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) acts as a "molecular scissor" playing a pivotal role in the inflammatory response during sepsis by regulating proteolysis by cleaving various membrane protein substrates, including proinflammatory cytokines, cadherins and Notch, which are involved in intercellular communication. ADAM10 can also act as the cellular receptor for Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin, leading to lethal sepsis. However, its substrate-specific modulation and precise targets in sepsis have not yet to be elucidated. METHODS We performed a computer-based online search using PubMed and Google Scholar for published articles concerning ADAM10 and sepsis. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we focus on the functions of ADAM10 in sepsis-related complex endothelium-immune cell interactions and microcirculation dysfunction through the diversity of its substrates and its enzymatic activity. In addition, we highlight the posttranslational mechanisms of ADAM10 at specific subcellular sites, or in multimolecular complexes, which will provide the insight to intervene in the pathophysiological process of sepsis caused by ADAM10 dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanglin Liao
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078The Intensive Care Unit, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Jiaoping Road 42, Tangxia Town, Dongguan, 523710 Guangdong China
| | - Yao Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Organ Dysfunction and Protection Translational Medicine, Jieyang Medical Research Center, Jieyang People’s Hospital, Tianfu Road 107, Rongcheng District, Jieyang, 522000 Guangdong China
| | - Lizhen Liu
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078The Intensive Care Unit, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Jiaoping Road 42, Tangxia Town, Dongguan, 523710 Guangdong China
| | - Shuai Yang
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078The Intensive Care Unit, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Jiaoping Road 42, Tangxia Town, Dongguan, 523710 Guangdong China
| | - YingYing Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Organ Dysfunction and Protection Translational Medicine, Jieyang Medical Research Center, Jieyang People’s Hospital, Tianfu Road 107, Rongcheng District, Jieyang, 522000 Guangdong China
| | - Junbing He
- The Key Laboratory of Organ Dysfunction and Protection Translational Medicine, Jieyang Medical Research Center, Jieyang People’s Hospital, Tianfu Road 107, Rongcheng District, Jieyang, 522000 Guangdong China
| | - Yiming Shao
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078The Intensive Care Unit, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Jiaoping Road 42, Tangxia Town, Dongguan, 523710 Guangdong China
- grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078The Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong China
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11
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Liu Y, Tan Y, Zhang Z, Li H, Yi M, Zhang Z, Hui S, Peng W. Neuroimmune mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease: Insights into central and peripheral immune cell crosstalk. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 84:101831. [PMID: 36565960 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly life-threatening neurodegenerative disease. Dysregulation of the immune system plays a critical role in promoting AD, which has attracted extensive attention recently. Central and peripheral immune responses are involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Immune changes precede Aβ-associated senile plaque formation and tau-related neurofibrillary tangles, which are the recognised pathological features of AD. Therefore, elucidating immune-related mechanisms underlying the development of AD can help to prevent and treat AD at the source by blocking its progression before the development of pathological changes. To understand the specific pathogenesis of AD, it is important to examine the role of central and peripheral immunity in AD. This review summarises immune-related mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of AD, focusing on the effect of various central and peripheral immune cells, and describes the possible crosstalk between central and peripheral immunity during the development of AD. This review provides novel insights into the treatment of AD and offers a new direction for immune-related research on AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Yejun Tan
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Min Yi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- YangSheng College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Shan Hui
- Department of Geratology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, China.
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha 410011, China.
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12
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Wu T, Lin D, Cheng Y, Jiang S, Riaz MW, Fu N, Mou C, Ye M, Zheng Y. Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Progress and Challenges. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1745-1758. [PMID: 36465173 PMCID: PMC9662281 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The amyloid cascade hypothesis has always been a research focus in the therapeutic field of Alzheimer's disease (AD) since it was put forward. Numerous researchers attempted to find drugs for AD treatment based on this hypothesis. To promote the research of anti-AD drugs development, the current hypothesis and pathogenesis were reviewed with expounding of β-amyloid generation from its precursor protein and related transformations. Meanwhile, the present drug development strategies aimed at each stage in this hypothesis were also summarized. Several strategies especially immunotherapy showed the optimistic results in clinical trials, but only a small percentage of them eventually succeeded. In this review, we also tried to point out some common problems of drug development in preclinical and clinical studies which might be settled through multidisciplinary cooperation as well as the understanding that reinforces the amyloid cascade hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ding Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yaqian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Senze Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Muhammad Waheed Riaz
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Nina Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chenhao Mou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Menglu Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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13
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Liu M, Lian B, Lan Z, Sun H, Zhao Y, Sun T, Meng Z, Zhao C, Zhang J. Transcriptomic Profile Identifies Hippocampal Sgk1 as the Key Mediator of Ovarian Estrogenic Regulation on Spatial Learning and Memory and Aβ Accumulation. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3369-3384. [PMID: 35915371 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that ovarian estrogens are involved in the occurrence and pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through regulation on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and spatial memory; however, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated at the genomic scale. In this study, we established the postmenopausal estrogen-deficient model by ovariectomy (OVX). Then, we used high-throughput Affymetrix Clariom transcriptomics and found 143 differentially expressed genes in the hippocampus of OVX mice with the absolute fold change ≥ 1.5 and P < 0.05. GO analysis showed that the highest enrichment was seen in long-term memory. Combined with the response to steroid hormone enrichment and GeneMANIA network prediction, the serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 gene (Sgk1) was found to be the most potent candidate for ovarian estrogenic regulation. Sgk1 overexpression viral vectors (oSgk1) were then constructed and injected into the hippocampus of OVX mice. Morris water maze test revealed that the impaired spatial learning and memory induced by OVX was rescued by Sgk1 overexpression. Additionally, the altered expression of synaptic proteins and actin remodeling proteins and changes in CA1 spine density and synapse density induced by OVX were also significantly reversed by oSgk1. Moreover, the OVX-induced increase in Aβ-producing BACE1 and Aβ and the decrease in insulin degrading enzyme were significantly reversed by oSgk1. The above results show that multiple pathways and genes are involved in ovarian estrogenic regulation of the function of the hippocampus, among which Sgk1 may be a novel potent target against estrogen-sensitive hippocampal dysfunctions, such as Aβ-initiated AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Liu
- The 305 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100017, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Biyao Lian
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.,Department of Human Anatomy and Tissue Embryology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Zhen Lan
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Huan Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Center for Brain Science, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yangang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, 572013, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhaoyou Meng
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chengjun Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy and Tissue Embryology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China. .,Medical Sci-Tech Research Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Jiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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14
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Westerhaus A, Joseph T, Meyers AJ, Jang Y, Na CH, Cave C, Sockanathan S. The distribution and function of GDE2, a regulator of spinal motor neuron survival, are disrupted in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:73. [PMID: 35550203 PMCID: PMC9102353 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects the viability of upper and lower motor neurons. Current options for treatment are limited, necessitating deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying ALS pathogenesis. Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 2 (GDE2 or GDPD5) is a six-transmembrane protein that acts on the cell surface to cleave the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor that tethers some proteins to the membrane. GDE2 is required for the survival of spinal motor neurons but whether GDE2 neuroprotective activity is disrupted in ALS is not known. We utilized a combination of mouse models and patient post-mortem samples to evaluate GDE2 functionality in ALS. Haplogenetic reduction of GDE2 exacerbated motor neuron degeneration and loss in SOD1G93A mice but not in control SOD1WT transgenic animals, indicating that GDE2 neuroprotective function is diminished in the context of SOD1G93A. In tissue samples from patients with ALS, total levels of GDE2 protein were equivalent to healthy controls; however, membrane levels of GDE2 were substantially reduced. Indeed, GDE2 was found to aberrantly accumulate in intracellular compartments of ALS motor cortex, consistent with a disruption of GDE2 function at the cell surface. Supporting the impairment of GDE2 activity in ALS, tandem-mass-tag mass spectrometry revealed a pronounced reduction of GPI-anchored proteins released into the CSF of patients with ALS compared with control patients. Taken together, this study provides cellular and biochemical evidence that GDE2 distribution and activity is disrupted in ALS, supporting the notion that the failure of GDE2-dependent neuroprotective pathways contributes to neurodegeneration and motor neuron loss in disease. These observations highlight the dysregulation of GPI-anchored protein pathways as candidate mediators of disease onset and progression and accordingly, provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Westerhaus
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, PCTB1004, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Thea Joseph
- Neuroscience Program, Middlebury College, 276 Bicentennial Way, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA
| | - Alison J. Meyers
- Neuroscience Program, Middlebury College, 276 Bicentennial Way, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA
| | - Yura Jang
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MRB 706, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Chan Hyun Na
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MRB 706, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Clinton Cave
- Neuroscience Program, Middlebury College, 276 Bicentennial Way, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA
| | - Shanthini Sockanathan
- The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, PCTB1004, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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15
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Sun T, Zhao K, Liu M, Cai Z, Zeng L, Zhang J, Li Z, Liu R. miR-30a-5p induces Aβ production via inhibiting the nonamyloidogenic pathway in Alzheimer’s disease. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Lichtenthaler SF, Tschirner SK, Steiner H. Secretases in Alzheimer's disease: Novel insights into proteolysis of APP and TREM2. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 72:101-110. [PMID: 34689040 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Secretases are a group of proteases that are major drug targets considered for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Secretases do not only process the AD-linked neuronal amyloid precursor protein (APP) but also the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), thereby controlling microglial functions. This review highlights selected recent discoveries for the α-secretases a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) and a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17), the β-secretase β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and γ-secretase and their link to AD. New genetic evidence strengthens the role of α-secretases in AD through cleavage of APP and TREM2. Novel proteins were linked to AD, which control α- and β-secretase activity through transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. Finally, new opportunities but also challenges are discussed for pharmacologically targeting β- and γ-secretase cleavage of APP and α-secretase cleavage of TREM2 with the aim to prevent or treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Sarah K Tschirner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Steiner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany.
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