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Ye Y, Fu C, Li Y, Sun J, Li X, Chai S, Li S, Hou M, Cai H, Wang Z, Wu M. Alternate-day fasting improves cognitive and brain energy deficits by promoting ketone metabolism in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Neurol 2024; 381:114920. [PMID: 39142368 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by disorders in brain energy. The lack of sufficient energy for nerve function leads to cognitive dysfunction and massive neuronal loss in AD. Ketone bodies are an alternative to glucose as a source of energy in the brain, and alternate-day fasting (ADF) promotes the production of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyric acid (βOHB). In this study, 7-month-old male WT mice and 3xTg mice underwent dietary control for 20 weeks. We found that ADF increased circulating βOHB concentrations in 3xTg mice, improved cognitive function, reduced anxiety-like behaviors, improved hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and reduced neuronal loss, Aβ oligomers and tau hyperphosphorylation. In addition, ADF improved mitochondrial bioenergetic function by promoting brain ketone metabolism and rescued brain energy deficits in 3xTg mice. A safety evaluation showed that ADF improved exercise endurance and liver and kidney function in 3xTg mice without negatively affecting muscle motor and heart functions. This study provides a theoretical basis and strong support for the application of ADF as a non-drug strategy for preventing and treating brain energy defects in the early stage of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucai Ye
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Chaojing Fu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yan Li
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Junli Sun
- School of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xinru Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Shifan Chai
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Meng Hou
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Hongyan Cai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Meina Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030001, China.
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Wang Q, Sun RY, Hu JX, Sun YH, Li CY, Huang H, Wang H, Li XM. Hypothalamic-hindbrain circuit for consumption-induced fear regulation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7728. [PMID: 39231981 PMCID: PMC11375128 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51983-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To ensure survival, animals must sometimes suppress fear responses triggered by potential threats during feeding. However, the mechanisms underlying this process remain poorly understood. In the current study, we demonstrated that when fear-conditioned stimuli (CS) were presented during food consumption, a neural projection from lateral hypothalamic (LH) GAD2 neurons to nucleus incertus (NI) relaxin-3 (RLN3)-expressing neurons was activated, leading to a reduction in CS-induced freezing behavior in male mice. LHGAD2 neurons established excitatory connections with the NI. The activity of this neural circuit, including NIRLN3 neurons, attenuated CS-induced freezing responses during food consumption. Additionally, the lateral mammillary nucleus (LM), which received NIRLN3 projections, along with RLN3 signaling in the LM, mediated the decrease in freezing behavior. Collectively, this study identified an LHGAD2-NIRLN3-LM circuit involved in modulating fear responses during feeding, thereby enhancing our understanding of how animals coordinate nutrient intake with threat avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Psychiatry of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Yue Sun
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Psychiatry of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xue Hu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Psychiatry of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hui Sun
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Psychiatry of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Yue Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Psychiatry of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiqian Huang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Psychiatry of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Psychiatry of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou, China.
- Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Psychiatry of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou, China.
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Research Units for Emotion and Emotion Disorders, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
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Mar KD, So C, Hou Y, Kim JC. Age dependent path integration deficit in 5xFAD mice. Behav Brain Res 2024; 463:114919. [PMID: 38408521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia in elderly individuals, characterized by memory deficits, cognitive decline, and neuropathology. The identification of preclinical markers for AD remains elusive. We employed an ultrasound-evoked spatial memory assay to investigate path integration (PI) in wild type C57BL/6 J and 5xFAD mice. We observed significant recruitment of the mammillary bodies (MB) and subiculum (Sub) - core regions of the Papez circuit during PI, as indicated by increased expression of the immediate early gene c-Fos in C57BL/6 J mice. In 5xFAD mice, amyloid-beta (Aβ) vulnerability in the MB and Sub was evident at 3-months of age, preceding widespread pathology at 5-months of age. In parallel, we detected significant behavioral deficits in PI in the 5XFAD mice at 5- but not 3-months of age. Sex based analysis revealed a more profound deficit in males compared to females at 5-months of age. Our data suggest PI may be as an early indicator of AD, potentially associated with dysfunction within the Papez circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall D Mar
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Sidney Smith Hall, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada.
| | - Chanbee So
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada.
| | - Yixin Hou
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada.
| | - Jun Chul Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Sidney Smith Hall, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada.
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