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Kang NW, Jang K, Song E, Han U, Seo YA, Chen F, Wungcharoen T, Heilshorn SC, Myung D. In Situ-Forming, Bioorthogonally Cross-linked, Nanocluster-Reinforced Hydrogel for the Regeneration of Corneal Defects. ACS NANO 2024; 18:21925-21938. [PMID: 39106436 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Corneal defects can lead to stromal scarring and vision loss, which is currently only treatable with a cadaveric corneal transplant. Although in situ-forming hydrogels have been shown to foster regeneration of the cornea in the setting of stromal defects, the cross-linking, biomechanical, and compositional parameters that optimize healing have not yet been established. This, Corneal defects are also almost universally inflamed, and their rapid closure without fibrosis are critical to preserving vision. Here, an in situ forming, bioorthogonally cross-linked, nanocluster (NC)-reinforced collagen and hyaluronic acid hydrogel (NCColHA hydrogel) with enhanced structural integrity and both pro-regenerative and anti-inflammatory effects was developed and tested within a corneal defect model in vivo. The NCs serve as bioorthogonal nanocross-linkers, providing higher cross-linking density than polymer-based alternatives. The NCs also serve as delivery vehicles for prednisolone (PRD) and the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). NCColHA hydrogels rapidly gel within a few minutes upon administration and exhibit robust rheological properties, excellent transparency, and negligible swelling/deswelling behavior. The hydrogel's biocompatibility and capacity to support cell growth were assessed using primary human corneal epithelial cells. Re-epithelialization on the NCColHA hydrogel was clearly observed in rabbit eyes, both ex vivo and in vivo, with expression of normal epithelial biomarkers, including CD44, CK12, CK14, α-SMA, Tuj-1, and ZO-1, and stratified, multilayered morphology. The applied hydrogel maintained its structural integrity for at least 14 days and remodeled into a transparent stroma by 56 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nae-Won Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Kyeongwoo Jang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Euisun Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Uiyoung Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Youngyoon Amy Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Thitima Wungcharoen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - David Myung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- VA Palo Alto HealthCare System, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
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2
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Tang Y, Qu S, Ning Z, Wu H. Immunopeptides: immunomodulatory strategies and prospects for ocular immunity applications. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1406762. [PMID: 39076973 PMCID: PMC11284077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1406762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunopeptides have low toxicity, low immunogenicity and targeting, and broad application prospects in drug delivery and assembly, which are diverse in application strategies and drug combinations. Immunopeptides are particularly important for regulating ocular immune homeostasis, as the eye is an immune-privileged organ. Immunopeptides have advantages in adaptive immunity and innate immunity, treating eye immune-related diseases by regulating T cells, B cells, immune checkpoints, and cytokines. This article summarizes the application strategies of immunopeptides in innate immunity and adaptive immunity, including autoimmunity, infection, vaccine strategies, and tumors. Furthermore, it focuses on the mechanisms of immunopeptides in mediating ocular immunity (autoimmune diseases, inflammatory storms, and tumors). Moreover, it reviews immunopeptides' application strategies and the therapeutic potential of immunopeptides in the eye. We expect the immune peptide to get attention in treating eye diseases and to provide a direction for eye disease immune peptide research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hong Wu
- Eye Center of Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Gao Q, Chu X, Yang J, Guo Y, Guo H, Qian S, Yang Y, Wang B. An Antibiotic Nanobomb Constructed from pH-Responsive Chemical Bonds in Metal-Phenolic Network Nanoparticles for Biofilm Eradication and Corneal Ulcer Healing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309086. [PMID: 38488341 PMCID: PMC11165475 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In the treatment of refractory corneal ulcers caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, antibacterial drugs delivery faces the drawbacks of low permeability and short ocular surface retention time. Hence, novel positively-charged modular nanoparticles (NPs) are developed to load tobramycin (TOB) through a one-step self-assembly method based on metal-phenolic network and Schiff base reaction using 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzaldehyde (THBA), ε-poly-ʟ-lysine (EPL), and Cu2+ as matrix components. In vitro antibacterial test demonstrates that THBA-Cu-TOB NPs exhibit efficient instantaneous sterilization owing to the rapid pH responsiveness to bacterial infections. Notably, only 2.6 µg mL-1 TOP is needed to eradicate P. aeruginosa biofilm in the nano-formed THBA-Cu-TOB owing to the greatly enhanced penetration, which is only 1.6% the concentration of free TOB (160 µg mL-1). In animal experiments, THBA-Cu-TOB NPs show significant advantages in ocular surface retention, corneal permeability, rapid sterilization, and inflammation elimination. Based on molecular biology analysis, the toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways are greatly downregulated as well as the reduction of inflammatory cytokines secretions. Such a simple and modular strategy in constructing nano-drug delivery platform offers a new idea for toxicity reduction, physiological barrier penetration, and intelligent drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and OptometryEye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Chu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and OptometryEye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Life SciencesJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Yishun Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and OptometryEye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000P. R. China
| | - Hanwen Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and OptometryEye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Qian
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and OptometryEye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000P. R. China
| | - Ying‐Wei Yang
- College of ChemistryJilin University2699 Qianjin StreetChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Bailiang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and OptometryEye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325000P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027P. R. China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Medical Devices and Drug for Ophthalmic DiseasesWenzhou325027P. R. China
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Kapat K, Kumbhakarn S, Sable R, Gondane P, Takle S, Maity P. Peptide-Based Biomaterials for Bone and Cartilage Regeneration. Biomedicines 2024; 12:313. [PMID: 38397915 PMCID: PMC10887361 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The healing of osteochondral defects (OCDs) that result from injury, osteochondritis, or osteoarthritis and bear lesions in the cartilage and bone, pain, and loss of joint function in middle- and old-age individuals presents challenges to clinical practitioners because of non-regenerative cartilage and the limitations of current therapies. Bioactive peptide-based osteochondral (OC) tissue regeneration is becoming more popular because it does not have the immunogenicity, misfolding, or denaturation problems associated with original proteins. Periodically, reviews are published on the regeneration of bone and cartilage separately; however, none of them addressed the simultaneous healing of these tissues in the complicated heterogeneous environment of the osteochondral (OC) interface. As regulators of cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, immunomodulation, and antibacterial activity, potential therapeutic strategies for OCDs utilizing bone and cartilage-specific peptides should be examined and investigated. The main goal of this review was to study how they contribute to the healing of OCDs, either alone or in conjunction with other peptides and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kausik Kapat
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Sakshi Kumbhakarn
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Rahul Sable
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Prashil Gondane
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Shruti Takle
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Pritiprasanna Maity
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Zhang Y, Li A, Zhang Y, Hong S, Xue Y, Song X, Li J, Huang S, Zhang X. Bacteria-Targeting Nanosilver-Based Antibacterial Drugs for Efficient Treatment of Drug-Resistant Bacterial-Infected Keratitis. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300379. [PMID: 37673414 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Keratitis caused by drug-resistant bacteria is a severe condition that can lead to corneal perforation and even blindness, making effective treatment a top priority amid growing antibiotic resistance. Eye drops for anti-inflammatory treatment necessitate frequent administration of high doses throughout every day due to bacterial resistance resulting from antibiotic overuse and the low bioavailability of drugs. To overcome these issues, an antibacterial nanocomposite is prepared via conjugating random copolymers of galactose and 3-(acrylamide)phenylboronic acid to the surface of silver nanoparticles. The customized nanocomposites trigger specific binding to bacteria, resulting in excellent retention of the drug on the ocular surface, resulting in rapid and powerful killing of bacteria and inhibition of bacterial proliferation. Due to its superior drug delivery capabilities to the ocular surface, the functionalized nanocomplex markedly amplifies the anti-inflammatory efficacy, even at low doses. This effect is achieved by impeding immune cell infiltration and diminishing the synthesis of inflammatory mediators and cytokines, thereby suggesting enhanced healing properties for corneal inflammation. This study demonstrates a promising nanocomposite which is an effective and safe antibacterial strategy for bacterial keratitis with favorable prognostic and clinical conversion potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Zhang
- Nankai University Eye Institute, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Anran Li
- Nankai University Eye Institute, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Nankai University Eye Institute, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shihao Hong
- Nankai University Eye Institute, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yun Xue
- Nankai University Eye Institute, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xianhui Song
- Nankai University Eye Institute, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jie Li
- Nankai University Eye Institute, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Nankai University Eye Institute, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xinge Zhang
- Nankai University Eye Institute, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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6
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Dong X, Ma Y, Xie Y, Cui W, Zhou H, Zhou K, Xu F, Xu B. Identification and Mechanism Elucidation of Anti-Inflammatory Peptides in Jinhua Ham: An Integrative In Silico and In Vitro Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37921432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to effectively identify anti-inflammatory peptides in Jinhua ham, a dry-cured meat product made from the hind legs of pigs by curing and fermenting processes, and elucidate their anti-inflammatory mechanism. The investigation involved a combination of chromatographic purification, in silico screening, and in vitro validation. The first peak of JHP (JHP-P1) was purified using two-part exchange chromatography, in which 3350 peptides were identified by nano-HPLC-MS/MS, among which QLEELKR and EAEERADIAESQVNKLR showed significant anti-inflammatory potential (prediction scores: 0.759 and 0.841). In molecular docking and in vitro RAW264.7 cell experiments, these peptides displayed a strong affinity for Toll-like receptor 4-myeloid differentiation-2 (TLR4-MD-2), specifically binding around Arg 380, Lys 475, His 401, Gln 423, Asp 426, etc. This binding inhibited TLR4 expression and prevented trimer formation about TLR4-MD-2 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), strongly inhibiting the inflammatory cascade. JHP suppressed LPS-induced cytokine overproduction and partially inhibited the phosphorylation of proteins in the MAPK/NF-κB pathway. These results demonstrated that combining in silico methods (activity prediction and molecular docking) is an effective strategy for screening anti-inflammatory peptides. This study provided a theoretical basis for identifying more anti-inflammatory peptides and applying them in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Dong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yunhao Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yong Xie
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wei Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Feiran Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
- Anhui Qingsong Food Co., Ltd., Hefei 231299, China
| | - Baocai Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
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Groh N, Magin TM. Pseudomonas-Derived Pyocyanin Links Oxidative Stress and Keratin 6 Expression to Wound Healing. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1865-1867. [PMID: 37318404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Groh
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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Li H, Niu J, Wang X, Niu M, Liao C. The Contribution of Antimicrobial Peptides to Immune Cell Function: A Review of Recent Advances. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2278. [PMID: 37765247 PMCID: PMC10535326 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of novel antimicrobial agents to replace antibiotics has become urgent due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), widely distributed in all kingdoms of life, present strong antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. The potential of AMPs as new alternatives to antibiotics has gradually attracted considerable interest. In addition, AMPs exhibit strong anticancer potential as well as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. Many studies have provided evidence that AMPs can recruit and activate immune cells, controlling inflammation. This review highlights the scientific literature focusing on evidence for the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of different AMPs in immune cells, including macrophages, monocytes, lymphocytes, mast cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils. A variety of immunomodulatory characteristics, including the abilities to activate and differentiate immune cells, change the content and expression of inflammatory mediators, and regulate specific cellular functions and inflammation-related signaling pathways, are summarized and discussed in detail. This comprehensive review contributes to a better understanding of the role of AMPs in the regulation of the immune system and provides a reference for the use of AMPs as novel anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiao Li
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Anmal Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (H.L.); (J.N.)
| | - Junhui Niu
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Anmal Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (H.L.); (J.N.)
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China;
| | - Mingfu Niu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China;
| | - Chengshui Liao
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Anmal Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (H.L.); (J.N.)
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Shen S, Ren F, He J, Wang J, Sun Y, Hu J. Recombinant Antimicrobial Peptide OaBac5mini Alleviates Inflammation in Pullorum Disease Chicks by Modulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091515. [PMID: 37174552 PMCID: PMC10177235 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pullorum disease (PD), caused by Salmonella Pullorum (S. Pullorum), is a serious threat to the poultry industry worldwide. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have drawn extensive attention as new-generation antibiotics because of their broad antimicrobial spectrum, low resistance, and low cytotoxicity. AMP OaBac5mini exhibits strong antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, but its efficacy and anti-inflammatory effects on chicks with PD remain unclear. The aim of this study was to generate recombinant OaBac5mini via the Escherichia coli (E. coli) recombinant expression system and evaluate its antibacterial effect against S. Pullorum in vitro and in vivo. Real-time cellular analysis (RTCA) results showed that recombinant OaBac5mini exhibited no cytotoxicity on IPEC-J2 and RAW 264.7 cells and significantly alleviated the drop in the cell index of S. Pullorum-infected cells (p < 0.0001). In the chick model of PD, recombinant OaBac5mini significantly attenuated the increase in organ indexes (heart, liver, spleen, and kidney) and bacterial loads (liver and spleen) induced by S. Pullorum. Histopathology examination showed that recombinant OaBac5mini ameliorated histopathological changes and inflammation in chicks with PD, including impaired epithelium of duodenal villi, infiltration of pseudoacidophilic granulocytes in the cecum and bursa of Fabricius, congested blood clots and increased macrophages in the liver, and increased lymphoid nodule and B lymphocytes in the spleen. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results indicated that recombinant OaBac5mini alleviated inflammation by modulating innate immunity through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and by suppressing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results suggested that recombinant OaBac5mini has good potential as a clinical substitute for antibiotics in PD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Shen
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinxiang 453003, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Fei Ren
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Junping He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yawei Sun
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jianhe Hu
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinxiang 453003, China
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