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Yao S, Kasargod A, Chiu R, Torgerson TR, Kupiec-Weglinski JW, Dery KJ. The Coming Age of Antisense Oligos for the Treatment of Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion (IRI) and Other Liver Disorders: Role of Oxidative Stress and Potential Antioxidant Effect. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:678. [PMID: 38929116 PMCID: PMC11200799 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Imbalances in the redox state of the liver arise during metabolic processes, inflammatory injuries, and proliferative liver disorders. Acute exposure to intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) results from high levels of oxidative stress (OxS) that occur in response to hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and metabolic diseases of the liver. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are an emerging class of gene expression modulators that target RNA molecules by Watson-Crick binding specificity, leading to RNA degradation, splicing modulation, and/or translation interference. Here, we review ASO inhibitor/activator strategies to modulate transcription and translation that control the expression of enzymes, transcription factors, and intracellular sensors of DNA damage. Several small-interfering RNA (siRNA) drugs with N-acetyl galactosamine moieties for the liver have recently been approved. Preclinical studies using short-activating RNAs (saRNAs), phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs), and locked nucleic acids (LNAs) are at the forefront of proof-in-concept therapeutics. Future research targeting intracellular OxS-related pathways in the liver may help realize the promise of precision medicine, revolutionizing the customary approach to caring for and treating individuals afflicted with liver-specific conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kenneth J. Dery
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Liu R, Cao H, Zhang S, Cai M, Zou T, Wang G, Zhang D, Wang X, Xu J, Deng S, Li T, Xu D, Gu J. ZBP1-mediated apoptosis and inflammation exacerbate steatotic liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e180451. [PMID: 38743492 PMCID: PMC11213514 DOI: 10.1172/jci180451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Steatotic donor livers are becoming more and more common in liver transplantation. However, the current use of steatotic grafts is less acceptable than normal grafts due to their higher susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. To investigate the mechanism underlying the susceptibility of steatotic liver to I/R injury, we detected cell death markers and inflammation in clinical donor livers and animal models. We found that caspase-8-mediated hepatic apoptosis is activated in steatotic liver I/R injury. However, ablation of caspase-8 only slightly mitigated steatotic liver I/R injury without affecting inflammation. We further demonstrated that RIPK1 kinase induces both caspase-8-mediated apoptosis and cell death-independent inflammation. Inhibition of RIPK1 kinase significantly protects against steatotic liver I/R injury by alleviating both hepatic apoptosis and inflammation. Additionally, we found that RIPK1 activation is induced by Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) but not the canonical TNF-α pathway during steatotic liver I/R injury. Deletion of ZBP1 substantially decreases the steatotic liver I/R injury. Mechanistically, ZBP1 is amplified by palmitic acid-activated JNK pathway in steatotic livers. Upon I/R injury, excessive reactive oxygen species trigger ZBP1 activation by inducing its aggregation independent of the Z-nucleic acids sensing action in steatotic livers, leading to the kinase activation of RIPK1 and the subsequent aggravation of liver injury. Thus, ZBP1-mediated RIPK1-driven apoptosis and inflammation exacerbate steatotic liver I/R injury, which could be targeted to protect steatotic donor livers during transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Liu
- Center for Liver Transplantation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Cao
- Center for Liver Transplantation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- Center for Liver Transplantation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mao Cai
- Center for Liver Transplantation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tianhao Zou
- Center for Liver Transplantation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Center for Liver Transplantation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Center for Liver Transplantation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xueling Wang
- Center for Liver Transplantation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Center for Liver Transplantation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shenghe Deng
- Center for Liver Transplantation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tongxi Li
- Center for Liver Transplantation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Daichao Xu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyang Gu
- Center for Liver Transplantation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Abbas SH, Ceresa CDL, Pollok JM. Steatotic Donor Transplant Livers: Preservation Strategies to Mitigate against Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4648. [PMID: 38731866 PMCID: PMC11083584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) is the only definitive treatment for end-stage liver disease, yet the UK has seen a 400% increase in liver disease-related deaths since 1970, constrained further by a critical shortage of donor organs. This shortfall has necessitated the use of extended criteria donor organs, including those with evidence of steatosis. The impact of hepatic steatosis (HS) on graft viability remains a concern, particularly for donor livers with moderate to severe steatosis which are highly sensitive to the process of ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and static cold storage (SCS) leading to poor post-transplantation outcomes. This review explores the pathophysiological predisposition of steatotic livers to IRI, the limitations of SCS, and alternative preservation strategies, including novel organ preservation solutions (OPS) and normothermic machine perfusion (NMP), to mitigate IRI and improve outcomes for steatotic donor livers. By addressing these challenges, the liver transplant community can enhance the utilisation of steatotic donor livers which is crucial in the context of the global obesity crisis and the growing need to expand the donor pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Hussain Abbas
- Oxford Transplant Centre, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK;
| | - Carlo Domenico Lorenzo Ceresa
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK;
| | - Joerg-Matthias Pollok
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK;
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Yazdani HO, Geller DA, Tohme S. Spliced CEACAM1: A Potential Novel Biomarker and Target for Ameliorating Liver Ischemia-reperfusion Injury. Transplantation 2024; 108:585-587. [PMID: 38385338 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury remains a significant challenge in liver transplantation potentially leading to delayed graft function, primary nonfunction, and sometimes rejection. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and implementing mitigation strategies are essential for improving transplant outcomes and patient survival. A recent study published by Dery et al shows that alternative splicing of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 regulated by hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha under stress enhances hepatic ischemia tolerance in mice and humans. The authors identified a direct binding of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha to the promoter region of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 splicing enzyme, resulting in carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1-short induction and improved posttransplant outcomes. This study has notably elucidated a potential biomarker pertaining to the quality of liver transplant donor grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza O Yazdani
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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Cui Y, Zhang Z, Lv M, Duan Z, Liu W, Gao J, Xu R, Wan Q. Chromatin target of protein arginine methyltransferases alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury by regulating RNA alternative splicing. iScience 2024; 27:108688. [PMID: 38188517 PMCID: PMC10770728 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA splicing is a post-transcriptional event that regulates many physiological and pathological events. However, whether RNA splicing regulates cerebral I/R-induced brain injury remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that the chromatin target of Prmts (CHTOP) was highly expressed in neurons, and anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) upregulates its expression after ischemia. In addition, overexpression or knockdown of CHTOP alleviated or exacerbated neuronal death in both experimental stroke mice and cultured neurons. Mechanistically, RNA alternative splicing is altered early after oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). CHTOP interacted with nuclear speckle-related proteins to regulate alternative mRNA splicing of neuronal survival-related genes after OGD/R. In addition, I/R injury-induced cytokines IL-10 regulate CHTOP-mediated RNA splicing to alleviate ischemic brain injury. Taken together, this study reveals the alteration of RNA splicing after OGD/R and identifies the IL-10-CHTOP-RNA splicing axis as a modulator of brain injury, which may be promising therapeutic targets for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cui
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhaolong Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Mengfei Lv
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhongying Duan
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenhao Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Jingchen Gao
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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Dery KJ, Wong Z, Wei M, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. Mechanistic Insights into Alternative Gene Splicing in Oxidative Stress and Tissue Injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023. [PMID: 37776178 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are inducers of tissue injury. Alternative splicing (AS) is an essential regulatory step for diversifying the eukaryotic proteome. Human diseases link AS to OS; however, the underlying mechanisms must be better understood. Recent Advances: Genome‑wide profiling studies identify new differentially expressed genes induced by OS-dependent ischemia/reperfusion injury. Overexpression of RNA-binding protein RBFOX1 protects against inflammation. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α directs polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 to regulate mouse carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (Ceacam1) AS under OS conditions. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L variant 1 contains an RGG/RG motif that coordinates with transcription factors to influence human CEACAM1 AS. Hypoxia intervention involving short interfering RNAs directed to long-noncoding RNA 260 polarizes M2 macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype and alleviates OS by inhibiting IL-28RA gene AS. Critical Issues: Protective mechanisms that eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important for resolving imbalances that lead to chronic inflammation. Defects in AS can cause ROS generation, cell death regulation, and the activation of innate and adaptive immune factors. We propose that AS pathways link redox regulation to the activation or suppression of the inflammatory response during cellular stress. Future Directions: Emergent studies using molecule-mediated RNA splicing are being conducted to exploit the immunogenicity of AS protein products. Deciphering the mechanisms that connect misspliced OS and pathologies should remain a priority. Controlled release of RNA directly into cells with clinical applications is needed as the demand for innovative nucleic acid delivery systems continues to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Dery
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zeriel Wong
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Megan Wei
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jerzy W Kupiec-Weglinski
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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