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Stefaniak K, Kiedrzyński M, Korzeniewska E, Kiedrzyńska E, Harnisz M. Preliminary insights on carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae in high-income and low-/middle-income countries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 957:177593. [PMID: 39551200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 11/13/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the hospital sector as well as in the natural environment is a problem that affects both high-income countries (HICs) and low-/middle-income countries (LMICs). The observed differences in the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant strains between HICs and LMICs can be attributed mainly to antibiotic consumption in healthcare facilities and the quantity of treated wastewater. Hospital wastewater is a major hotspot for the spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and carbapenem resistance genes (CRGs) between the hospital sector and the environment. In this review article, attempts were made to describe and compare antibiotic consumption in hospitals, antimicrobial concentrations in both hospital and municipal wastewater, and the prevalence of CRE and CRGs in patients and in hospital and municipal wastewater in HICs and LMICs. A review of the literature has shown that carbapenems are more widely used in LMICs, but Saudi Arabia, an HIC, is a country with the highest carbapenem consumption in the world. The results of research conducted in both groups of countries indicate that Klebsiella sp./K. pneumoniae is the most common CRE in samples isolated from patients. Escherichia coli was the dominant pathogen in hospital and municipal wastewater in HICs, whereas Enterobacter spp. were most prevalent in LMICs. An analysis of the prevalence of CRGs demonstrated that the same genes are present in both groups of countries (blaKPC, blaKPC-2, blaVIM, blaVIM-1,2, blaNDM, blaIMP, blaIMP-8, blaOXA-48,181, blaNDM-1,5, blaGES, blaGES-5,6, blaIMI-1). The fact that the same CRGs are most prevalent in countries with different levels of economic development could suggest that these genes have a high potential to persist in the natural environment. These findings underscore the need for enhanced monitoring, effective control techniques, and a better understanding of carbapenem resistance pathways to mitigate public health hazards, notwithstanding the constraints of data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia Stefaniak
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marcin Kiedrzyński
- Department of Biogeography, Paleoecology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 1/3, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewa Korzeniewska
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Edyta Kiedrzyńska
- European Regional Center for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tylna 3, 90-364 Lodz, Poland; UNESCO Chair on Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Harnisz
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland.
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2
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Conte D, Mesa D, Krul D, Bail L, Ito CAS, Palmeiro JK, Dalla-Costa LM. Comparative genomics of IncQ1 plasmids carrying bla GES variants from clinical and environmental sources in Brazil. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 123:105644. [PMID: 39038632 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
IncQ-type plasmids have become important vectors in the dissemination of blaGES among different bacterial genera and species from different environments around the world, and studies estimating the occurrence of Guiana extended-spectrum (GES)-type β-lactamases are gaining prominence. We analyzed the genetic aspects of two IncQ1 plasmids harboring different blaGES variants from human and environmental sources. The blaGES variants were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Aeromonas veronii isolated from hospital effluent and Klebsiella variicola isolated from a rectal swab of a patient admitted to the cardiovascular intensive care unit in a different hospital. Antimicrobial-susceptibility testing and transformation experiments were performed for phenotypic analysis. Whole-genome sequencing was performed using Illumina and Oxford Nanopore platforms. The comparative analysis of plasmids was performed using BLASTn, and the IncQ1 plasmids showed a high identity and similar size. A. veronii harbored blaGES-7 in a class 1 integron (In2061), recently described by our group, and K. variicola carried blaGES-5 in the known class 1 integron. Both integrons showed a fused gene cassette that encodes resistance to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones, with an IS6100 truncating the 3'-conserved segment. The fused genes are transcribed together, although the attC site is disrupted. These gene cassettes can no longer be mobilized. This study revealed a mobilome that may contribute to the dissemination of GES-type β-lactamases in Brazil. Class 1 integrons are hot spots for bacterial evolution, and their insertion into small IncQ-like plasmids displayed successful recombination, allowing the spread of blaGES variants in various environments. Therefore, they can become prevalent across clinically relevant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danieli Conte
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Dany Mesa
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Damaris Krul
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Larissa Bail
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Jussara Kasuko Palmeiro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Libera Maria Dalla-Costa
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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3
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Stewart NK, Toth M, Quan P, Buynak JD, Smith CA, Vakulenko SB. Restricted Rotational Flexibility of the C5α-Methyl-Substituted Carbapenem NA-1-157 Leads to Potent Inhibition of the GES-5 Carbapenemase. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1232-1249. [PMID: 38511828 PMCID: PMC11160566 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Carbapenem antibiotics are used as a last-resort treatment for infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. The wide spread of carbapenemases in Gram-negative bacteria has severely compromised the utility of these drugs and represents a serious public health threat. To combat carbapenemase-mediated resistance, new antimicrobials and inhibitors of these enzymes are urgently needed. Here, we describe the interaction of the atypically C5α-methyl-substituted carbapenem, NA-1-157, with the GES-5 carbapenemase. MICs of this compound against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii producing the enzyme were reduced 4-16-fold when compared to MICs of the commercial carbapenems, reaching clinically sensitive breakpoints. When NA-1-157 was combined with meropenem, a strong synergistic effect was observed. Kinetic and ESI-LC/MS studies demonstrated that NA-1-157 is a potent inhibitor of GES-5, with a high inactivation efficiency of (2.9 ± 0.9) × 105 M-1 s-1. Acylation of GES-5 by NA-1-157 was biphasic, with the fast phase completing within seconds, and the slow phase taking several hours and likely proceeding through a reversible tetrahedral intermediate. Deacylation was extremely slow (k3 = (2.4 ± 0.3) × 10-7 s-1), resulting in a residence time of 48 ± 6 days. MD simulation of the GES-5-meropenem and GES-5-NA-1-157 acyl-enzyme complexes revealed that the C5α-methyl group in NA-1-157 sterically restricts rotation of the 6α-hydroxyethyl group preventing ingress of the deacylating water into the vicinity of the scissile bond of the acyl-enzyme intermediate. These data demonstrate that NA-1-157 is a potent irreversible inhibitor of the GES-5 carbapenemase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole K. Stewart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Marta Toth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Pojun Quan
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA
| | - John D. Buynak
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA
| | - Clyde A. Smith
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sergei B. Vakulenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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4
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Kaderabkova N, Bharathwaj M, Furniss RCD, Gonzalez D, Palmer T, Mavridou DA. The biogenesis of β-lactamase enzymes. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168:001217. [PMID: 35943884 PMCID: PMC10235803 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming marked a new era for modern medicine, allowing not only the treatment of infectious diseases, but also the safe performance of life-saving interventions, like surgery and chemotherapy. Unfortunately, resistance against penicillin, as well as more complex β-lactam antibiotics, has rapidly emerged since the introduction of these drugs in the clinic, and is largely driven by a single type of extra-cytoplasmic proteins, hydrolytic enzymes called β-lactamases. While the structures, biochemistry and epidemiology of these resistance determinants have been extensively characterized, their biogenesis, a complex process including multiple steps and involving several fundamental biochemical pathways, is rarely discussed. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the journey of β-lactamases, from the moment they exit the ribosomal channel until they reach their final cellular destination as folded and active enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikol Kaderabkova
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Manasa Bharathwaj
- Centre to Impact AMR, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R. Christopher D. Furniss
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diego Gonzalez
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Institut de Biologie, Université de Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Tracy Palmer
- Microbes in Health and Disease, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Despoina A.I. Mavridou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- John Ring LaMontagne Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Teixeira P, Pinto N, Henriques I, Tacão M. KPC-3-, GES-5-, and VIM-1-Producing Enterobacterales Isolated from Urban Ponds. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105848. [PMID: 35627386 PMCID: PMC9141432 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenems are antibiotics of pivotal importance in human medicine, the efficacy of which is threatened by the increasing prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). Urban ponds may be reservoirs of CRE, although this hypothesis has been poorly explored. We assessed the proportion of CRE in urban ponds over a one-year period and retrieved 23 isolates. These were submitted to BOX-PCR, PFGE, 16S rDNA sequencing, antibiotic susceptibility tests, detection of carbapenemase-encoding genes, and conjugation assays. Isolates were affiliated with Klebsiella (n = 1), Raoultella (n = 11), Citrobacter (n = 8), and Enterobacter (n = 3). Carbapenemase-encoding genes were detected in 21 isolates: blaKPC (n = 20), blaGES-5 (n = 6), and blaVIM (n = 1), with 7 isolates carrying two carbapenemase genes. Clonal isolates were collected from different ponds and in different campaigns. Citrobacter F6, Raoultella N9, and Enterobacter N10 were predicted as pathogens from whole-genome sequence analysis, which also revealed the presence of several resistance genes and mobile genetic elements. We found that blaKPC-3 was located on Tn4401b (Citrobacter F6 and Enterobacter N10) or Tn4401d (Raoultella N9). The former was part of an IncFIA-FII pBK30683-like plasmid. In addition, blaGES-5 was in a class 3 integron, either chromosomal (Raoultella N9) or plasmidic (Enterobacter N10). Our findings confirmed the role of urban ponds as reservoirs and dispersal sites for CRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Teixeira
- CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.T.); (M.T.)
- Biology Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Nuno Pinto
- Biology Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Isabel Henriques
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Marta Tacão
- CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.T.); (M.T.)
- Biology Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
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6
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Mori N, Tada T, Oshiro S, Kuwahara-Arai K, Kirikae T, Uehara Y. A transferrable IncL/M plasmid harboring a gene encoding IMP-1 metallo-β-lactamase in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1061. [PMID: 34645409 PMCID: PMC8513173 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06758-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) has reduced the clinical utility of carbapenems. Plasmids often play an important role in the spread of genes encoding drug-resistance factors, especially in the horizontal transfer of these genes among species of Enterobacteriaceae. This study describes a patient infected with three species of CPE carrying an identical transferrable IncL/M plasmid. METHODS Clinical isolates of CPE were collected at St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, from 2015 to 2019. Three species of CPE isolates, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella aerogenes and Serratia marcescens, were isolated from a patient who developed severe gallstone pancreatitis associated with bloodstream infection, with all three isolates producing IMP-1 metallo-β-lactamase. The complete sequences of the plasmids of the three isolates were determined by both MiSeq and MinION. The medical chart of this patient was retrospectively reviewed conducted to obtain relevant clinical information. RESULTS The three CPE species carried an IncL/M plasmid, pSL264, which was 81,133 bp in size and harbored blaIMP-1. The genetic environment surrounding blaIMP-1 consisted of int1-blaIMP-1-aac(6')-IIc-qacL-qacEdelta1-sul1-istB-IS21. Conjugation experiments showed that S. marcescens could transmit the plasmid to E. cloacae and K. aerogenes. In contrast, pSL264 could not transfer from E. cloacae or K. aerogenes to S. marcescens. CONCLUSION The IncL/M plasmid pSL264 harboring blaIMP-1 was able to transfer among different species of Enterobacteriaceae in a patient receiving long-term antimicrobial treatment. The worldwide emergence and spread of IncL/M plasmids harboring carbapenemase-encoding genes among species of Enterobacteriaceae is becoming a serious public health hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyoshi Mori
- grid.430395.8Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tada
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Satoshi Oshiro
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Kyoko Kuwahara-Arai
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Teruo Kirikae
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Yuki Uehara
- grid.258269.20000 0004 1762 2738Department of Microbiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan ,grid.430395.8Department of Clinical Laboratory, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Conte D, Palmeiro J, Bavaroski A, Rodrigues L, Cardozo D, Tomaz A, Camargo J, Dalla‐Costa L. Antimicrobial resistance in
Aeromonas
species isolated from aquatic environments in Brazil. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:169-181. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1111/jam.14965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Conte
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
| | - J.K. Palmeiro
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (ACL‐UFSC) Florianópolis, Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - A.A. Bavaroski
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
| | - L.S. Rodrigues
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
| | - D. Cardozo
- Liga Paranaese de Combate ao Câncer ‐ Hospital Erasto Gaertner (HEG) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
| | - A.P. Tomaz
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
- Complexo Hospital de ClínicasUniversidade Federal do Paraná (CHC‐UFPR) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
| | - J.O. Camargo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
- Setor de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (SEPT) Programa de Graduação em Bioinformática Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
| | - L.M. Dalla‐Costa
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP) Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
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8
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Bonnin RA, Jousset AB, Emeraud C, Oueslati S, Dortet L, Naas T. Genetic Diversity, Biochemical Properties, and Detection Methods of Minor Carbapenemases in Enterobacterales. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:616490. [PMID: 33553210 PMCID: PMC7855592 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.616490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria, especially Enterobacterales, have emerged as major players in antimicrobial resistance worldwide. Resistance may affect all major classes of anti-gram-negative agents, becoming multidrug resistant or even pan-drug resistant. Currently, β-lactamase-mediated resistance does not spare even the most powerful β-lactams (carbapenems), whose activity is challenged by carbapenemases. The dissemination of carbapenemases-encoding genes among Enterobacterales is a matter of concern, given the importance of carbapenems to treat nosocomial infections. Based on their amino acid sequences, carbapenemases are grouped into three major classes. Classes A and D use an active-site serine to catalyze hydrolysis, while class B (MBLs) require one or two zinc ions for their activity. The most important and clinically relevant carbapenemases are KPC, IMP/VIM/NDM, and OXA-48. However, several carbapenemases belonging to the different classes are less frequently detected. They correspond to class A (SME-, Nmc-A/IMI-, SFC-, GES-, BIC-like…), to class B (GIM, TMB, LMB…), class C (CMY-10 and ACT-28), and to class D (OXA-372). This review will address the genetic diversity, biochemical properties, and detection methods of minor acquired carbapenemases in Enterobacterales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy A Bonnin
- Team "Resist" UMR1184 "Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB)," INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Evolution and Ecology of Resistance to Antibiotics Unit, Institut Pasteur-APHP-Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France
| | - Agnès B Jousset
- Team "Resist" UMR1184 "Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB)," INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Evolution and Ecology of Resistance to Antibiotics Unit, Institut Pasteur-APHP-Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France.,Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Paris Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Cécile Emeraud
- Team "Resist" UMR1184 "Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB)," INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Evolution and Ecology of Resistance to Antibiotics Unit, Institut Pasteur-APHP-Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France.,Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Paris Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Saoussen Oueslati
- Team "Resist" UMR1184 "Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB)," INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Evolution and Ecology of Resistance to Antibiotics Unit, Institut Pasteur-APHP-Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Dortet
- Team "Resist" UMR1184 "Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB)," INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Evolution and Ecology of Resistance to Antibiotics Unit, Institut Pasteur-APHP-Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France.,Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Paris Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Thierry Naas
- Team "Resist" UMR1184 "Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB)," INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Evolution and Ecology of Resistance to Antibiotics Unit, Institut Pasteur-APHP-Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France.,Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Paris Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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9
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Conte D, Palmeiro JK, Bavaroski AA, Rodrigues LS, Cardozo D, Tomaz AP, Camargo JO, Dalla-Costa LM. Antimicrobial resistance in Aeromonas species isolated from aquatic environments in Brazil. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 131:169-181. [PMID: 33306232 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The current study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile and genetic relatedness of Aeromonas sp. isolated from healthcare and urban effluents, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and river water. METHODS AND RESULTS We detected the presence of genes conferring resistance to β-lactam, quinolone and aminoglycoside. Multilocus sequence typing was carried out to differentiate the strains, and multilocus phylogenetic analysis was used to identify the species. A total of 28 cefotaxime-resistant Aeromonas sp. strains were identified, harbouring uncommon Guiana-extended-spectrum (GES)-type β-lactamases (GES-1, GES-5, GES-7 and GES-16). Multidrug-resistant Aeromonas sp. were found in hospital wastewater, WWTP and sanitary effluent, and A. caviae was identified as the most prevalent species (85·7%). CONCLUSION The release of untreated healthcare effluents, presence of antimicrobials in the environment, in addition to multidrug-resistant Aeromonas sp., are all potential factors for the spread of resistance. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY We identified a vast repertoire of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) in Aeromonas sp. from diverse aquatic ecosystems, including those that encode enzymes degrading broad-spectrum antimicrobials widely used to treat healthcare-associated infections. Hospital and sanitary effluents serve as potential sources of bacteria harbouring ARG and are a threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Conte
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - J K Palmeiro
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (ACL-UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - A A Bavaroski
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - L S Rodrigues
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - D Cardozo
- Liga Paranaese de Combate ao Câncer - Hospital Erasto Gaertner (HEG), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A P Tomaz
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Complexo Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (CHC-UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - J O Camargo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Setor de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (SEPT), Programa de Graduação em Bioinformática, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - L M Dalla-Costa
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (IPPPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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10
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Emerging Transcriptional and Genomic Mechanisms Mediating Carbapenem and Polymyxin Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae: a Systematic Review of Current Reports. mSystems 2020; 5:5/6/e00783-20. [PMID: 33323413 PMCID: PMC7771540 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00783-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of carbapenem- and polymyxin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae poses a significant threat to public health, challenging clinicians worldwide with limited therapeutic options. This review describes the current coding and noncoding genetic and transcriptional mechanisms mediating carbapenem and polymyxin resistance, respectively. The spread of carbapenem- and polymyxin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae poses a significant threat to public health, challenging clinicians worldwide with limited therapeutic options. This review describes the current coding and noncoding genetic and transcriptional mechanisms mediating carbapenem and polymyxin resistance, respectively. A systematic review of all studies published in PubMed database between 2015 to October 2020 was performed. Journal articles evaluating carbapenem and polymyxin resistance mechanisms, respectively, were included. The search identified 171 journal articles for inclusion. Different New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) carbapenemase variants had different transcriptional and affinity responses to different carbapenems. Mutations within the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) mobile transposon, Tn4401, affect its promoter activity and expression levels, increasing carbapenem resistance. Insertion of IS26 in ardK increased imipenemase expression 53-fold. ompCF porin downregulation (mediated by envZ and ompR mutations), micCF small RNA hyperexpression, efflux upregulation (mediated by acrA, acrR, araC, marA, soxS, ramA, etc.), and mutations in acrAB-tolC mediated clinical carbapenem resistance when coupled with β-lactamase activity in a species-specific manner but not when acting without β-lactamases. Mutations in pmrAB, phoPQ, crrAB, and mgrB affect phosphorylation of lipid A of the lipopolysaccharide through the pmrHFIJKLM (arnBCDATEF or pbgP) cluster, leading to polymyxin resistance; mgrB inactivation also affected capsule structure. Mobile and induced mcr, efflux hyperexpression and porin downregulation, and Ecr transmembrane protein also conferred polymyxin resistance and heteroresistance. Carbapenem and polymyxin resistance is thus mediated by a diverse range of genetic and transcriptional mechanisms that are easily activated in an inducing environment. The molecular understanding of these emerging mechanisms can aid in developing new therapeutics for multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates.
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11
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First Detection of GES-5-Producing Escherichia coli from Livestock-An Increasing Diversity of Carbapenemases Recognized from German Pig Production. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101593. [PMID: 33081194 PMCID: PMC7602714 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to carbapenems due to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) is an increasing threat to human health worldwide. In recent years, CPE could be found only sporadically from livestock, but concern rose that livestock might become a reservoir for CPE. In 2019, the first GES carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli from livestock was detected within the German national monitoring on antimicrobial resistance. The isolate was obtained from pig feces and was phenotypically resistant to meropenem and ertapenem. The isolate harbored three successive blaGES genes encoding for GES-1, GES-5 and GES-5B in an incomplete class-I integron on a 12 kb plasmid (pEC19-AB02908; Acc. No. MT955355). The strain further encoded for virulence-associated genes typical for uropathogenic E. coli, which might hint at an increased pathogenic potential. The isolate produced the third carbapenemase detected from German livestock. The finding underlines the importance CPE monitoring and detailed characterization of new isolates.
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12
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Choi JA, Bae SM, Kim JW, Lee KJ. Development of a Two Triplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for Rapid Detection of Six Carbapenemase Genes in Enterobacteriaceae. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2020; 11:53-59. [PMID: 32149042 PMCID: PMC7045876 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.1.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Carbapenem resistance is a serious clinical and public health threat. Carbapenemase can confer carbapenem resistance, and most carbapenemase genes are plasmid encoded so resistance can easily spread. In this study, we aimed to develop a novel system based on the TaqMan platform for the rapid detection of 6 clinically prevalent carbapenemase genes: Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase, New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase, oxacillinase, imipenem-hydrolyzing, Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase, and Guiana extended-spectrum β-lactamase. Methods The triplex assay was verified by testing genomic DNA of 6 carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. It was validated with a blinded panel of 310 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, including 225 carbapenemase-producers and 85 non-producers, by direct colony triplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The real-time PCR was performed using the ABI 7500 fast instrument (Applied Biosystems, CA, USA) and specific primers for each carbapenemase target were designed to include modified peptide-nucleic acid oligonucleotides. Results No amplification was detected among the negative samples. The result showed 100% concordance with the genotypes previously identified. The entire assay, including DNA extraction and real-time PCR, was completed within 2 hours. Conclusion The newly developed triplex real-time PCR assay was useful for the rapid, accurate and simultaneous detection of 6 carbapenemase genes in Enterobacteriaceae, suggesting its potential to allow an early decision on the appropriate treatment, management, and prevention of the spread of resistant infections in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ae Choi
- Division of Antimicrobial Resistance, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Song Mee Bae
- Division of Antimicrobial Resistance, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jung Wook Kim
- Division of Antimicrobial Resistance, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kwang Jun Lee
- Division of Antimicrobial Resistance, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
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13
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Kopotsa K, Osei Sekyere J, Mbelle NM. Plasmid evolution in carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: a review. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1457:61-91. [PMID: 31469443 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) have been listed by the WHO as high-priority pathogens owing to their high association with mortalities and morbidities. Resistance to multiple β-lactams complicates effective clinical management of CRE infections. Using plasmid typing methods, a wide distribution of plasmid replicon groups has been reported in CREs around the world, including IncF, N, X, A/C, L/M, R, P, H, I, and W. We performed a literature search for English research papers, published between 2013 and 2018, reporting on plasmid-mediated carbapenem resistance. A rise in both carbapenemase types and associated plasmid replicon groups was seen, with China, Canada, and the United States recording a higher increase than other countries. blaKPC was the most prevalent, except in Angola and the Czech Republic, where OXA-181 (n = 50, 88%) and OXA-48-like (n = 24, 44%) carbapenemases were most prevalent, respectively; blaKPC-2/3 accounted for 70% (n = 956) of all reported carbapenemases. IncF plasmids were found to be responsible for disseminating different antibiotic resistance genes worldwide, accounting for almost 40% (n = 254) of plasmid-borne carbapenemases. blaCTX-M , blaTEM , blaSHV , blaOXA-1/9 , qnr, and aac-(6')-lb were mostly detected concurrently with carbapenemases. Most reported plasmids were conjugative but not present in multiple countries or species, suggesting limited interspecies and interboundary transmission of a common plasmid. A major limitation to effective characterization of plasmid evolution was the use of PCR-based instead of whole-plasmid sequencing-based plasmid typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlego Kopotsa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - John Osei Sekyere
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Nontombi Marylucy Mbelle
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Service, Tshwane Division, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
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14
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Din G, Hasan F, Conway M, Denney B, Ripp S, Shah A. Engineering a bioluminescent bioreporter from an environmentally sourced mercury‐resistantEnterobacter cloacaestrain for the detection of bioavailable mercury. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1125-1134. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Din
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA
| | - F. Hasan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - M. Conway
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA
| | - B. Denney
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA
| | - S. Ripp
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA
| | - A.A. Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
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15
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Plasmid Carrying bla CTX-M-2 and bla GES-1 in Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Cerebrospinal Fluid. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.00186-19. [PMID: 31061147 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00186-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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16
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Acquisition of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase GES-6 Leading to Resistance to Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Combination in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 63:AAC.01809-18. [PMID: 30323045 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01809-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate resistant to all β-lactams, including ceftolozane-tazobactam and carbapenems, was recovered. It belonged to sequence type 235 and produced the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) GES-6 differing from GES-1 by two amino acid substitutions (E104K and G170S). GES-6 possessed an increased hydrolytic activity toward carbapenems and to ceftolozane and a decreased susceptibility to β-lactamase inhibitors compared to GES-1, except for avibactam. We show here that resistance to ceftolozane-tazobactam may occur through acquisition of a specific ESBL in P. aeruginosa but that ceftazidime-avibactam combination remains an effective alternative.
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17
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Botelho J, Grosso F, Peixe L. Unravelling the genome of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate belonging to the high-risk clone ST235 reveals an integrative conjugative element housing a blaGES-6 carbapenemase. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 73:77-83. [PMID: 29029083 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the blaGES-6 carbapenemase gene was previously associated with an In1076 class I integron. Here, we conducted a genome-based analysis and explored the genetic platform associated with the mobility of this gene. Methods WGS of a blaGES-6-harbouring P. aeruginosa isolate (FFUP_PS_690) was performed with Illumina HiSeq, de novo assembly was performed using SPAdes and subsequent bioinformatic analysis was performed concerning antibiotic resistance genes, virulence features and mobile genetic elements. Results The FFUP_PS_690 isolate belongs to the ST235 high-risk clone and houses a novel integrative conjugative element (ICE), hereby named ICEPae690. This clc-like ICE comprises the blaGES-6-harbouring In1076 integron and specific modules. An ExoU island A variant was also identified. Conclusions The presence of a 'hitch-hiking' blaGES-6-harbouring In1076 integron in an ICE and an exoU-carrying genomic island highlight the potential spread of these elements through conjugation and/or clonal expansion of the ST235 lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Botelho
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Grosso
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Peixe
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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P174E Substitution in GES-1 and GES-5 β-Lactamases Improves Catalytic Efficiency toward Carbapenems. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.01851-17. [PMID: 29507065 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01851-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
GES-type β-lactamases are a group of enzymes that have evolved their hydrolytic activity against carbapenems. In this study, the role of residue 174 inside the Ω-loop of GES-1 and GES-5 was investigated. GES-1P174E and GES-5P174E mutants, selected by site saturation mutagenesis, were purified and kinetically characterized. In comparison with GES-1 and GES-5 wild-type enzymes, GES-1P174E and GES-5P174E mutants exhibited lower kcat and kcat/Km values for cephalosporins and penicillins. Concerning carbapenems, GES-1P174E shared higher kcat values but lower Km values than those calculated for GES-1. The GES-1P174E and GES-5P174E mutants showed high hydrolytic efficiency for imipenem, with kcat/Km values 100- and 660-fold higher, respectively, than those of GES-1. Clavulanic acid and tazobactam are good inhibitors for both GES-1P174E and GES-5P174E Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations carried out for GES-1, GES-5, GES-1P174E, and GES-5P174E complexed with imipenem and meropenem have shown that mutation at position 174 induces a drastic increase of enzyme flexibility, in particular in the Ω-loop. The circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy spectra of the four enzymes indicate that the P174E substitution in GES-1 and GES-5 does not affect the secondary structural content of the enzymes.
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Detection of GES-5 Carbapenemase in Klebsiella pneumoniae, a Newcomer in France. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.02263-16. [PMID: 28052846 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02263-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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