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Paterson DL. Antibacterial agents active against Gram Negative Bacilli in phase I, II, or III clinical trials. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024; 33:371-387. [PMID: 38445383 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2326028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to modern healthcare, and it is often regarded that the antibiotic pipeline is 'dry.' AREAS COVERED Antimicrobial agents active against Gram negative bacilli in Phase I, II, or III clinical trials were reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Nearly 50 antimicrobial agents (28 small molecules and 21 non-traditional antimicrobial agents) active against Gram-negative bacilli are currently in clinical trials. These have the potential to provide substantial improvements to the antimicrobial armamentarium, although it is known that 'leakage' from the pipeline occurs due to findings of toxicity during clinical trials. Significantly, a lack of funding for large phase III clinical trials is likely to prevent trials occurring for the indications most relevant to loss of life attributed to antimicrobial resistance such as ventilator-associated pneumonia. Non-traditional antimicrobial agents face issues in clinical development such as a lack of readily available and reliable susceptibility tests, and the potential need for superiority trials rather than non-inferiority trials. Most importantly, concrete plans must be made during clinical development for access of new antimicrobial agents to areas of the world where resistance to Gram negative bacilli is most frequent.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Paterson
- ADVANCE-ID, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Rendošová M, Gyepes R, Sovová S, Sabolová D, Vilková M, Olejníková P, Kello M, Lakatoš B, Vargová Z. Ga(III) pyridinecarboxylate complexes: potential analogues of the second generation of therapeutic Ga(III) complexes? J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:591-611. [PMID: 37498326 PMCID: PMC10415494 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel Ga(III)-pyridine carboxylates ([Ga(Pic)3]·H2O (GaPic; HPic = picolinic acid), H3O[Ga(Dpic)2]·H2O (GaDpic; H2Dpic = dipicolinic acid), [Ga(Chel)(H2O)(OH)]2·4H2O (GaChel; H2Chel = chelidamic acid) and [Ga(Cldpic)(H2O)(OH)]2 (GaCldpic; H2Cldpic = 4-chlorodipicolinic acid)) have been synthesized by simple one-step procedure. Vibrational spectroscopy (mid-IR), elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction confirmed complexes molecular structure, inter and intramolecular interactions and their influence to spectral and thermal properties. Moreover, complex species speciation was described in Ga(III)-HPic and Ga(III)-H2Dpic systems by potentiometry and 1H NMR spectroscopy and mononuclear complex species were determined; [Ga(Pic)2]+ (logβ021 = 16.23(6)), [Ga(Pic)3] (logβ031 = 20.86(2)), [Ga(Dpic)2]- (logβ021 = 15.42(9)) and [Ga(Dpic)2(OH)]2- (logβ-121 = 11.08(4)). To confirm the complexes stability in 1% DMSO (primary solvent for biological testing), timescale 1H NMR spectra were measured (immediately after dissolution up to 96 h). Antimicrobial activity evaluated by IC50 (0.05 mM) is significant for GaDpic and GaCldpic against difficult to treat and multi-resistant P. aeruginosa. On the other hand, the GaPic complex is most effective against Jurkat, MDA-MB-231 and A2058 cancer cell lines and significantly also decreases the HepG2 cancer cells viability at 75 and 100 μM concentrations in a relatively short time (up to 48 h). In addition, fluorescence measurements have been used to elucidate bovine serum albumin binding activity between ligands, Ga(III) complexes and bovine serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Rendošová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, P. J. Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, 041 54, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Róbert Gyepes
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Sovová
- Department of Biochemistry, P. J. Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, 041 54, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Danica Sabolová
- Department of Biochemistry, P. J. Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, 041 54, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Mária Vilková
- NMR Laboratory, P. J. Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, 041 54, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Petra Olejníková
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, P. J. Šafárik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Boris Lakatoš
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Vargová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, P. J. Šafárik University, Moyzesova 11, 041 54, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
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Alberta LA, Fortouna Y, Vishnu J, Pilz S, Gebert A, Lekka C, Nielsch K, Calin M. Effects of Ga on the structural, mechanical and electronic properties of β-Ti-45Nb alloy by experiments and ab initio calculations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 140:105728. [PMID: 36827933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to investigate the structural, mechanical and electronic properties of four novel β-type (100-x)(Ti-45Nb)-xGa alloys (x = 2, 4, 6, 8 wt%) for implant applications by means of experimental and theoretical (ab initio) methods. All alloys retain the bcc β phase in the solution-treated and quenched state while the lattice parameter decreases with increase in Ga content. This is due to its smaller atomic radius compared to Ti and Nb, in line with the present density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Tensile and microhardness tests indicate a clear strengthening effect with increasing Ga content, with yield strengths in the range 551 ÷ 681 MPa and microhardness in the range 174 ÷ 232 HV0.1, mainly attributed to grain refinement and solid solution strengthening. Ga also positively affects ductility, with a maximum value of tensile strain at fracture of 32%. Non-destructive ultrasonic measurements and DFT calculations reveal that the bulk modulus is unaffected by the Ga presence. This phenomenon might be due to the fact that Ga introduced bonding and anti-bonding electron low energy states which balance the average bond strength among the atoms in the metallic matrix. Nevertheless, the introduction of new Ga-Ti super sp-like bonding orbitals along the [110] and [-110] directions in the Ga neighborhood could explain the increase of the Young's modulus upon Ga addition (73 ÷ 82.5 GPa) that was found experimentally in the present work. Hence, Ga addition to Ti-45Nb leads to a suitable balance between increased strength and low Young's modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Andrea Alberta
- Institute for Complex Materials, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069, Germany.
| | - Yannick Fortouna
- University of Ioannina, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Jithin Vishnu
- Institute for Complex Materials, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Institute for Complex Materials, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Annett Gebert
- Institute for Complex Materials, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Christina Lekka
- University of Ioannina, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Ioannina, 45110, Greece; University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Institute of Materials Science and Computing, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Kornelius Nielsch
- Institute for Metallic Materials, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069, Germany; Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 7, Dresden, 01062, Germany; Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Mariana Calin
- Institute for Complex Materials, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069, Germany
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Multifunctional Heterogeneous Ion-Exchange Membranes for Ion and Microbe Removal in Low-Salinity Water. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040843. [PMID: 36850126 PMCID: PMC9962874 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, multifunctional heterogeneous ion-exchange metal nanocomposite membranes were prepared for surface water desalination and bacterial inactivation under low-pressure (0.05 MPa) filtration conditions. Ultrafiltration (UF) heterogeneous ion exchange membranes (IEMs) were modified with different concentrations of AgNO3 and CuSO4 solutions using the intermatrix synthesis (IMS) technique to produce metal nanocomposite membranes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the metal nanoparticles (MNPs) (Ag and Cu) were uniformly distributed on the surface and the interior of the nanocomposite membranes. With increasing metal precursor solution concentration (0.01 to 0.05 mol·L-1), the metal content of Ag and Cu nanocomposite membranes increased from 0.020 to 0.084 mg·cm-2 and from 0.031 to 0.218 m·cm-2 respectively. Results showed that the hydrodynamic diameter diameters of Ag and Cu nanoparticles (NPs) increased from 62.42 to 121.10 nm and from 54.2 to 125.7 nm respectively, as the metal precursor concentration loaded increased. The leaching of metals from metal nanocomposite membranes was measured in a dead-end filtration system, and the highest leaching concentration levels were 8.72 ppb and 5.32 ppb for Ag and Cu, respectively. The salt rejection studies indicated that ionic selectivity was improved with increasing metal content. Bacterial filtration showed higher antibacterial activity for metal nanocomposite membranes, reaching 3.6 log bacterial inactivation.
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Mosina M, Siverino C, Stipniece L, Sceglovs A, Vasiljevs R, Moriarty TF, Locs J. Gallium-Doped Hydroxyapatite Shows Antibacterial Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa without Affecting Cell Metabolic Activity. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14020051. [PMID: 36826850 PMCID: PMC9961062 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphates (CaPs) have been used in bone regeneration for decades. Among the described CaPs, synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAp) has a chemical composition similar to that of natural bone. Gallium-containing compounds have been studied since the 1970s for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and have shown beneficial properties, such as antibacterial activity and inhibition of osteoclast activity. In this study, we synthesized hydroxyapatite (HAp) powder with Ga doping ratios up to 6.9 ± 0.5 wt% using the wet chemical precipitation method. The obtained products were characterized using XRD, BET, FTIR, and ICP-MS. Ga3+ ion release was determined in the cell culture media for up to 30 days. Antibacterial activity was assessed against five bacterial species: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus pyogenes. The biocompatibility of the GaHAp samples was determined in human fibroblasts (hTERT-BJ1) through direct and indirect tests. The structure of the synthesized products was characteristic of HAp, as revealed with XRD and FTIR, although the addition of Ga caused a decrease in the crystallite size. Ga3+ was released from GaHAp paste in a steady manner, with approximately 40% being released within 21 days. GaHAp with the highest gallium contents, 5.5 ± 0.1 wt% and 6.9 ± 0.5 wt%, inhibited the growth of all five bacterial species, with the greatest activity being against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biocompatibility assays showed maintained cell viability (~80%) after seven days of indirect exposure to GaHAp. However, when GaHAp with Ga content above 3.3 ± 0.4 wt% was directly applied on the cells, a decrease in metabolic activity was observed on the seventh day. Overall, these results show that GaHAp with Ga content below 3.3 ± 0.4 wt% has attractive antimicrobial properties, without affecting the cell metabolic activity, creating a material that could be used for bone regeneration and prevention of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Mosina
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovation and Development Centre, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Liga Stipniece
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovation and Development Centre, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Artemijs Sceglovs
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovation and Development Centre, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Renats Vasiljevs
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovation and Development Centre, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Janis Locs
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovation and Development Centre, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +37-126-437-878
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Sharma B, Shukla S, Rattan R, Fatima M, Goel M, Bhat M, Dutta S, Ranjan RK, Sharma M. Antimicrobial Agents Based on Metal Complexes: Present Situation and Future Prospects. Int J Biomater 2022; 2022:6819080. [PMID: 36531969 PMCID: PMC9754840 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6819080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise in antimicrobial resistance is a cause of serious concern since the ages. Therefore, a dire need to explore new antimicrobial entities that can combat against the increasing threat of antibiotic resistance is realized. Studies have shown that the activity of the strongest antibiotics has reduced drastically against many microbes such as microfungi and bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative). A ray of hope, however, was witnessed in early 1940s with the development of new drug discovery and use of metal complexes as antibiotics. Many new metal-based drugs were developed from the metal complexes which are potentially active against a number of ailments such as cancer, malaria, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this review is an attempt to describe the present scenario and future development of metal complexes as antibiotics against wide array of microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Sharma
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir 185234, India
| | - Sudeep Shukla
- Environment Pollution Analysis Lab, Bhiwadi, Alwar, Rajasthan 301019, India
| | - Rohit Rattan
- WWF-India Field Office, ITI Road, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir 185132, India
| | - Musarrat Fatima
- Department of Botany, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir 185234, India
| | - Mayurika Goel
- TERI Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Sustainable Agriculture Program, The Energy and Resource Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Mamta Bhat
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir 185234, India
| | - Shruti Dutta
- Amity School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Amity University Haryana, Haryana, India
| | | | - Mamta Sharma
- Aditi Mahavidyalaya, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Kurtuldu F, Mutlu N, Boccaccini AR, Galusek D. Gallium containing bioactive materials: A review of anticancer, antibacterial, and osteogenic properties. Bioact Mater 2022; 17:125-146. [PMID: 35386441 PMCID: PMC8964984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of gallium into bioactive materials has been reported to enhance osteogenesis, to influence blood clotting, and to induce anti-cancer and anti-bacterial activity. Gallium-doped biomaterials prepared by various techniques include melt-derived and sol-gel-derived bioactive glasses, calcium phosphate bioceramics, metals and coatings. In this review, we summarize the recently reported developments in antibacterial, anticancer, osteogenesis, and hemostasis properties of Ga-doped biomaterials and briefly outline the mechanisms leading to Ga biological effects. The key finding is that gallium addition to biomaterials has great potential for treating bone-related diseases since it can be efficiently transferred to the desired region at a controllable rate. Besides, it can be used as a potential substitute for antibiotics for the inhibition of infections during the initial and advanced phases of the wound healing process. Ga is also used as an anticancer agent due to the increased concentration of gallium around excessive cell proliferation (tumor) sites. Moreover, we highlight the possibility to design different therapeutic approaches aimed at increasing the efficiency of the use of gallium containing bioactive materials for multifunctional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Kurtuldu
- FunGlass, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Študentská 2, 911 50, Trenčín, Slovakia
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nurshen Mutlu
- FunGlass, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Študentská 2, 911 50, Trenčín, Slovakia
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dušan Galusek
- FunGlass, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Študentská 2, 911 50, Trenčín, Slovakia
- Joint Glass Centre of the IIC SAS, TnUAD and FChFT STU, Študentská 2, 911 50, Trenčín, Slovakia
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Zheng H, Huang Z, Chen T, Sun Y, Chen S, Bu G, Guan H. Gallium ions incorporated silk fibroin hydrogel with antibacterial efficacy for promoting healing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected wound. Front Chem 2022; 10:1017548. [DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1017548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The continual resistance to antibiotics and the generation of a series of bacterial infections has emerged as a global concern, which requires appropriate measures and therapeutics to address such a menace. Herein, we report on Silk fibroin (SF) hydrogel with good biocompatibility and biodegradability fabricated through the crosslinking of the SF of different concentrations with Gallium nitrate (Ga (NO3)3) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, the SF: Ga = 500: 1 (w/w) (SF/Ga) demonstrated a good bactericidal and wound healing effect as a result of the moderate and prolonged release of the Ga3+ following the gradual degradation of the hydrogel. The Ga3+, known for its innovative nature acted as a crosslinked agent and a therapeutic agent employing the “Trojan horse” strategy to effectively deal with the bacteria. Also, the Ga3+, which is positively charged neutralizes the negative potential value of the SF particles to reduce the charge and further induce the β-sheet formation in the protein structure, a characteristic of gelation in SF. The morphology showed a fabricated homogenous structure with greater storage modulus- G’ with low loss modulus- G'' modulus demonstrating the mechanical performance and the ability of the SF/Ga hydrogel to hold their shape, at the same time allowing for the gradual release of Ga3+. A demonstration of biocompatibility, biodegradability, bactericidal effect and wound healing in in vitro and in vivo present the SF/Ga hydrogel as an appropriate platform for therapeutic and for antibacterial wound dressing.
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Yin R, Cheng J, Wang J, Li P, Lin J. Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infectious biofilms: Challenges and strategies. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:955286. [PMID: 36090087 PMCID: PMC9459144 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.955286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative bacterium, is one of the major pathogens implicated in human opportunistic infection and a common cause of clinically persistent infections such as cystic fibrosis, urinary tract infections, and burn infections. The main reason for the persistence of P. aeruginosa infections is due to the ability of P. aeruginosa to secrete extracellular polymeric substances such as exopolysaccharides, matrix proteins, and extracellular DNA during invasion. These substances adhere to and wrap around bacterial cells to form a biofilm. Biofilm formation leads to multiple antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa, posing a significant challenge to conventional single antibiotic therapeutic approaches. It has therefore become particularly important to develop anti-biofilm drugs. In recent years, a number of new alternative drugs have been developed to treat P. aeruginosa infectious biofilms, including antimicrobial peptides, quorum-sensing inhibitors, bacteriophage therapy, and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. This article briefly introduces the process and regulation of P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and reviews several developed anti-biofilm treatment technologies to provide new directions for the treatment of P. aeruginosa biofilm infection.
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Mosina M, Kovrlija I, Stipniece L, Locs J. Gallium containing calcium phosphates: potential antibacterial agents or fictitious truth. Acta Biomater 2022; 150:48-57. [PMID: 35933101 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Amidst an ever-increasing demand for the enhancement of the lifestyle and the modulation of modern diseases, the functionalization of biomaterials is of utmost importance. One of the leading materials for the aforementioned purpose have been calcium phosphates (CaPs). They have been widely used in bone regeneration displaying favourable regenerative potential and biological properties. Many studies have placed their entire focus on facilitating the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and bone progenitor cells, while the aspect of antibacterial properties has been surmounted. Nevertheless, increasing antibiotic resistance of bacteria requires the development of new materials and the usage of alternative approaches such as ion doping. Gallium (Ga) has been the potential star on the rise among the ions. However, the obstacle that accompanies gallium is the scarcity of research performed and the variety of amalgamations. The question that imposes itself is how a growing field of therapeutics can be further entwined with advances in material science, and how will the incorporation of gallium bring a new outlook. The present study offers a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art gallium containing calcium phosphates (GaCaPs), their synthesis methods, antibacterial properties, and biocompatibility. Considering their vast potential as antibacterial agents, the need for a methodical perspective is highly necessary to determine if it is a direction on the brink of recognition or a fruitless endeavour. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: : Although several studies have been published on various metal ions-containing calcium phosphates, to this date there is no systematic overview pointing out the properties and benefits of gallium containing calcium phosphates. Here we offer a critical overview, including synthesis, structure and biological properties of gallium containing calcium phosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Mosina
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovation and Development Centre, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia; Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Ilijana Kovrlija
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovation and Development Centre, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia.
| | - Liga Stipniece
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovation and Development Centre, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia; Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Janis Locs
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovation and Development Centre, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka 3, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia; Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia.
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Evolution of gallium applications in medicine and microbiology: a timeline. Biometals 2022; 35:675-688. [PMID: 35729414 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Characterized as a semi-metal, gallium is a chemical element not found freely in the environment, but extracted as a by-product from other minerals. Despite of this, there are several gallium compounds with various applications, such as in the production of semiconductors, light emitting diodes; commercially as a potential cost reducer; pharmacology as cancer-related hypercalcemia, non-Hodgkin' lymphoma, breast and bladder cancer mainly and antimicrobial treatments. The latter will be emphasized in this work due to the contemporary emergence of the development of compounds with antimicrobial potential as a result of the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. So, this article discusses the main works, from the discovery of gallium to those that culminated in the current research in microbiology of the last two decades. The antimicrobial activity of gallium can be confirmed through the experimental data and be a promising mean to other investigations, especially due to its iron mimicry ability and the capacity to disrupt microorganisms' metabolism.
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Pita-Grisanti V, Chasser K, Sobol T, Cruz-Monserrate Z. Understanding the Potential and Risk of Bacterial Siderophores in Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:867271. [PMID: 35785195 PMCID: PMC9248441 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.867271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Siderophores are iron chelating molecules produced by nearly all organisms, most notably by bacteria, to efficiently sequester the limited iron that is available in the environment. Siderophores are an essential component of mammalian iron homeostasis and the ongoing interspecies competition for iron. Bacteria produce a broad repertoire of siderophores with a canonical role in iron chelation and the capacity to perform versatile functions such as interacting with other microbes and the host immune system. Siderophores are a vast area of untapped potential in the field of cancer research because cancer cells demand increased iron concentrations to sustain rapid proliferation. Studies investigating siderophores as therapeutics in cancer generally focused on the role of a few siderophores as iron chelators; however, these studies are limited and some show conflicting results. Moreover, siderophores are biologically conserved, structurally diverse molecules that perform additional functions related to iron chelation. Siderophores also have a role in inflammation due to their iron acquisition and chelation properties. These diverse functions may contribute to both risks and benefits as therapeutic agents in cancer. The potential of siderophore-mediated iron and bacterial modulation to be used in the treatment of cancer warrants further investigation. This review discusses the wide range of bacterial siderophore functions and their utilization in cancer treatment to further expand their functional relevance in cancer detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pita-Grisanti
- The Ohio State University Interdisciplinary Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kaylin Chasser
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Trevor Sobol
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Division of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center–Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate,
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13
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Evans A, Kavanagh KA. Evaluation of metal-based antimicrobial compounds for the treatment of bacterial pathogens. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70:001363. [PMID: 33961541 PMCID: PMC8289199 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest global health challenges of modern times and its prevalence is rising worldwide. AMR within bacteria reduces the efficacy of antibiotics and increases both the morbidity and the mortality associated with bacterial infections. Despite this growing risk, few antibiotics with a novel mode of action are being produced, leading to a lack of antibiotics that can effectively treat bacterial infections with AMR. Metals have a history of antibacterial use but upon the discovery of antibiotics, often became overlooked as antibacterial agents. Meanwhile, metal-based complexes have been used as treatments for other diseases, such as the gold-containing drug auranofin, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Metal-based antibacterial compounds have novel modes of action that provide an advantage for the treatment of bacterial infections with resistance to conventional antibiotics. In this review, the antibacterial activity, mode of action, and potential for systemic use of a number of metal-based antibacterial complexes are discussed. The current limitations of these compounds are highlighted to determine if metal-based agents are a potential solution for the treatment of bacterial infections, especially those resistant to conventional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andris Evans
- SSPC Pharma Research Centre, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Kevin A. Kavanagh
- SSPC Pharma Research Centre, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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14
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Crumbliss AL, Banerjee S. A perspective essay on the use of Ga 3+ as a proxy for Fe 3+ in bioinorganic model studies and its successful use for therapeutic purposes. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 219:111411. [PMID: 33853006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The use of Ga3+ as a structural mimic for Fe3+ in model bioinorganic investigations is usually based on a common assumption that Ga3+ and Fe3+ should form bioligand complexes of similar stabilities due to their similar charge/radius ratio (z/r). However, the literature survey presented here is contrary to this notion, showing that under laboratory conditions often Ga3+ forms weaker bioligand complexes than Fe3+in aqueous medium. We hypothesize that this is because Ga3+ is more aquaphilic than Fe3+ as suggested by their relative heats of hydration (ΔHhyd). The successful use of Ga3+ as a therapeutic agent is also briefly reviewed, showing this success often stems from the redox inertness as well as different pharmacokinetics of Ga3+ than Fe3+, but similar metabolic pathways as Fe3+ in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin L Crumbliss
- Duke University Department of Chemistry, Durham, NC 27708-0346, USA.
| | - Sambuddha Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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15
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Müller A, Fessele C, Zuber F, Rottmar M, Maniura-Weber K, Ren Q, Guex AG. Gallium Complex-Functionalized P4HB Fibers: A Trojan Horse to Fight Bacterial Infection. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Müller
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Fessele
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Flavia Zuber
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rottmar
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Maniura-Weber
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Qun Ren
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Anne Géraldine Guex
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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16
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Insights into the chemistry of the amphibactin-metal (M 3+) interaction and its role in antibiotic resistance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21049. [PMID: 33273481 PMCID: PMC7712776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the diversity and specificity of interactions of amphibactin produced by Vibrio genus bacterium (Vibrio sp. HC0601C5) with iron and various metal ions in + 3 oxidation state in an octahedral (Oh) environment. To survive in the iron-deficient environment of their host, pathogenic bacteria have devised various efficient iron acquisition strategies. One such strategy involves the production of low molecular weight peptides called siderophores, which have a strong affinity and specificity to chelate Fe3+ and can thus facilitate uptake of this metal in order to ensure iron requirements. The Fe uptake by amphibactin and the release of iron inside the cell have been studied. Comparison of the interaction of different transition metal ions (M3+) with amphibactin has been studied and it reveals that Co and Ga form stable complexes with this siderophore. The competition of Co and Ga with Fe impedes iron uptake by bacteria, thereby preventing infection.
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17
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Best MG, Cunha-Reis C, Ganin AY, Sousa A, Johnston J, Oliveira AL, Smith DGE, Yiu HHP, Cooper IR. Antimicrobial Properties of Gallium(III)- and Iron(III)-Loaded Polysaccharides Affecting the Growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, In Vitro. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7589-7597. [PMID: 35019499 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global concern as many bacterial species have developed resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics, making them ineffective to treatments. One type of antibiotics, gallium(III) compounds, stands out as possible candidates due to their unique "Trojan horse" mechanism to tackle bacterial growth, by substituting iron(III) in the metabolic cycles of bacteria. In this study, we tested three polysaccharides (carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), alginate, and pectin) as the binding and delivery agent for gallium on three bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus) with a potential bioresponsive delivery mode. Two types of analysis on bacterial growth (minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC)) were carried out while iron(III)-loaded polysaccharide samples were also tested for comparison. The results suggested that gallium showed an improved inhibitory activity on bacterial growth, in particular gallium(III)-loaded carboxymethyl cellulose (Ga-CMC) sample showing an inhibiting effect on growth for all three tested bacteria. At the MIC for all three bacteria, Ga-CMC showed no cytotoxicity effect on human dermal neonatal fibroblasts (HDNF). Therefore, these bioresponsive gallium(III) polysaccharide compounds show significant potential to be developed as the next-generation antibacterial agents with controlled release capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Best
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, U.K
| | - Cassilda Cunha-Reis
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, R. de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexey Y Ganin
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Aureliana Sousa
- 1i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jenna Johnston
- Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Ana L Oliveira
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, R. de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - David G E Smith
- The Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and. Bioengineering (IB3), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Humphrey H P Yiu
- Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Ian R Cooper
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, U.K
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18
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Neill CJ, Harris S, Goldstone RJ, Lau ECHT, Henry TB, Yiu HHP, Smith DGE. Antibacterial Activities of Ga(III) against E. coli Are Substantially Impacted by Fe(III) Uptake Systems and Multidrug Resistance in Combination with Oxygen Levels. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2959-2969. [PMID: 32960047 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The continued emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria, are increasing threats driving the search for additional and alternative antimicrobial agents. The World Health Organization (WHO) has categorized bacterial risk levels and includes Escherichia coli among the highest priority, making this both a convenient model bacterium and a clinically highly relevant species on which to base investigations of antimicrobials. Among many compounds examined for use as antimicrobials, Ga(III) complexes have shown promise. Nonetheless, the spectrum of activities, susceptibility of bacterial species, mechanisms of antimicrobial action, and bacterial characteristics influencing antibacterial actions are far from being completely understood; these are important considerations for any implementation of an effective antibacterial agent. In this investigation, we show that an alteration in growth conditions to physiologically relevant lowered oxygen (anaerobic) conditions substantially increases the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Ga(III) required to inhibit growth for 46 wild-type E. coli strains. Several studies have implicated a Trojan horse hypothesis wherein bacterial Fe uptake systems have been linked to the promotion of Ga(III) uptake and result in enhanced antibacterial activity. Our studies show that, conversely, the carriage of accessory Fe uptake systems (Fe_acc) significantly increased the concentrations of Ga(III) required for antibacterial action. Similarly, it is shown that MDR strains are more resistant to Ga(III). The increased tolerance of Fe_acc/MDR strains was apparent under anaerobic conditions. This phenomenon of heightened tolerance has not previously been shown although the mechanisms remain to be defined. Nonetheless, this further highlights the significant contributions of bacterial metabolism, fitness, and AMR characteristics and their implications in evaluating novel antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Neill
- The Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering (IB3), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Harris
- The Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering (IB3), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Goldstone
- The Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering (IB3), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C. H. T. Lau
- Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Theodore B. Henry
- The Institute of Life and Earth Sciences (ILES), School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Humphrey H. P. Yiu
- Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - David G. E. Smith
- The Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering (IB3), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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19
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Quantitative proteomic reveals gallium maltolate induces an iron-limited stress response and reduced quorum-sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:1153-1165. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01831-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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20
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Zemke AC, Madison CJ, Kasturiarachi N, Pearce LL, Peterson J. Antimicrobial Synergism Toward Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Gallium(III) and Inorganic Nitrite. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2113. [PMID: 32983071 PMCID: PMC7487421 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous involvement of key iron-containing metalloenzymes in metabolism is reflected in the dependence of virtually all bacteria on iron for growth and, thereby, potentially provides multiple biomolecular targets for antimicrobial killing. We hypothesized that nitrosative stress, which induces damage to iron metalloproteins, would sensitize bacteria to the ferric iron mimic gallium(III) (Ga3+), potentially providing a novel therapeutic combination. Using both laboratory and clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we herein demonstrate that Ga3+ and sodium nitrite synergistically inhibit bacterial growth under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Nitric oxide also potentiated the antimicrobial effect of Ga3+. Because many chronic pulmonary infections are found as biofilms and biofilms have very high antibiotic tolerance, we then tested the combination against biofilms grown on plastic surfaces, as well as the apical surface of airway epithelial cells. Ga3+ and sodium nitrite had synergistic antimicrobial activity against both biofilms grown on plastic and on airway epithelial cell. Both Ga3+ and various NO donors are (independently) in clinical development as potential antimicrobials, however, we now propose the combination to have some particular advantages, while anticipating it should ultimately prove similarly safe for translation to treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Zemke
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Cody J Madison
- Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Naomi Kasturiarachi
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Linda L Pearce
- Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - James Peterson
- Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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21
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Nguyen CH, Zeng C, Boitano S, Field JA, Sierra-Alvarez R. Cytotoxicity Assessment of Gallium- and Indium-Based Nanoparticles Toward Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Using an Impedance-Based Real-Time Cell Analyzer. Int J Toxicol 2020; 39:218-231. [PMID: 32228215 DOI: 10.1177/1091581820914255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The semiconductor manufacturing sector plans to introduce III/V film structures (eg, gallium arsenide (GaAs), indium arsenide (InAs) onto silicon wafers due to their high electron mobility and low power consumption. Aqueous solutions generated during chemical and mechanical planarization of silicon wafers can contain a mixture of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and soluble indium, gallium, and arsenic. In this work, the cytotoxicity induced by Ga- and In-based NPs (GaAs, InAs, Ga2O3, In2O3) and soluble III-V salts on human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o-) was evaluated using a cell impedance real-time cell analysis (RTCA) system. The RTCA system provided inhibition data at different concentrations for multiple time points, for example, GaAs (25 mg/L) caused 60% inhibition after 8 hours of exposure and 100% growth inhibition after 24 hours. Direct testing of As(III) and As(V) demonstrated significant cytotoxicity with 50% growth inhibition concentrations after 16-hour exposure (IC50) of 2.4 and 4.5 mg/L, respectively. Cell signaling with rapid rise and decrease in signal was unique to arsenic cytotoxicity, a precursor of strong cytotoxicity over the longer term. In contrast with arsenic, soluble gallium(III) and indium(III) were less toxic. Whereas the oxide NPs caused low cytotoxicity, the arsenide compounds were highly inhibitory (IC50 of GaAs and InAs = 6.2 and 68 mg/L, respectively). Dissolution experiments over 7 days revealed that arsenic was fully leached from GaAs NPs, whereas only 10% of the arsenic was leached out of InAs NPs. These results indicate that the cytotoxicity of GaAs and InAs NPs is largely due to the dissolution of toxic arsenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi H Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Scott Boitano
- Department of Physiology and The Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jim A Field
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Reyes Sierra-Alvarez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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22
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Young M, Ozcan A, Lee B, Maxwell T, Andl T, Rajasekaran P, Beazley MJ, Tetard L, Santra S. N-acetyl Cysteine Coated Gallium Particles Demonstrate High Potency against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8030120. [PMID: 31374947 PMCID: PMC6789799 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial infections pose serious health concerns with over 2 million reported annually in the United States. Many of these infections are associated with bacterial resistance to antibiotics and hence, alternative treatments are critically needed. The objective of this study was to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of a gallium (Ga)-based particle coated with N-Acetyl Cysteine (Ga-NAC) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Our studies showed the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of PAO1 treated with Ga-NAC was 1 µg/mL. Cytotoxicity of Ga-NAC against multiple cell lines was determined with no cytotoxicity observed up to concentrations of 2000 µg/mL (metal concentration), indicating a high therapeutic window. To elucidate potential antibacterial modes of action, Inductively Coupled Plasma—Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used. The results suggest improved Ga3+ interaction with PAO1 through Ga-NAC particles. No significant change in cell membrane chemistry or roughening was detected. As cell membrane integrity remained intact, the antimicrobial mode of action was linked to cellular internalization of Ga and subsequent iron metabolic disruption. Furthermore, Ga-NAC inhibited and disrupted biofilms seen with crystal violet assay and microscopy. Our findings suggest the Ga-NAC particle can potentially be used as an alternative to antibiotics for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaeel Young
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Ali Ozcan
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Briana Lee
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Tyler Maxwell
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Parthiban Rajasekaran
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Melanie J Beazley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Laurene Tetard
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
| | - Swadeshmukul Santra
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
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23
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Photocatalytic and Antimicrobial Properties of Ga Doped and Ag Doped ZnO Nanorods for
Water Treatment
. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Water contamination is a worldwide concerning problem. Emerging contaminants have made conventional water treatment processes ineffective. This makes the search for new materials with improved physical-chemical properties for water treatment an urgent necessity. Doping metal oxides nanostructures can improve the photocatalytic degradation of contaminants and the antimicrobial activity of the material. During this process, water treatment not only involves the degradation of toxic pollutants, but also the elimination of virus and bacteria. Then, it is important to study not only the effect of a dopant in a material as photocatalyst but also the effect in its antimicrobial properties. In this work ZnO nanorods, Ga doped ZnO nanorods and Ag doped ZnO nanorods are synthesized and supported in polyethylene by a fast-hydrothermal microwave heating synthesis. Their photocatalytic performance and antimicrobial properties for water treatment were evaluated. Experiments show that Ag and Ga can improve the photocatalytic and antimicrobial properties of ZnO nanorods; the relationship between doping concentrations, with both the toxicity effect of the nanorods toward bacteria and the nanorods photocatalytic performance, is shown.
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24
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Ghalayani Esfahani A, Lazazzera B, Draghi L, Farè S, Chiesa R, De Nardo L, Billi F. Bactericidal activity of gallium-doped chitosan coatings against staphylococcal infection. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 126:87-101. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Ghalayani Esfahani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA); Los Angeles CA USA
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering ‘G. Natta’; Politecnico di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - B. Lazazzera
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Department; University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA); Los Angeles CA USA
| | - L. Draghi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering ‘G. Natta’; Politecnico di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - S. Farè
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering ‘G. Natta’; Politecnico di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - R. Chiesa
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering ‘G. Natta’; Politecnico di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - L. De Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering ‘G. Natta’; Politecnico di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - F. Billi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA); Los Angeles CA USA
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25
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White SJO, Shine JP. Exposure Potential and Health Impacts of Indium and Gallium, Metals Critical to Emerging Electronics and Energy Technologies. Curr Environ Health Rep 2018; 3:459-467. [PMID: 27696281 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The rapid growth of new electronics and energy technologies requires the use of rare elements of the periodic table. For many of these elements, little is known about their environmental behavior or human health impacts. This is true for indium and gallium, two technology critical elements. Increased environmental concentrations of both indium and gallium create the potential for increased environmental exposure, though little is known about the extent of this exposure. Evidence is mounting that indium and gallium can have substantial toxicity, including in occupational settings where indium lung disease has been recognized as a potentially fatal disease caused by the inhalation of indium particles. This paper aims to review the basic chemistry, changing environmental concentrations, potential for human exposure, and known health effects of indium and gallium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jane O White
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - James P Shine
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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Nazemi E, Hassen WM, Frost EH, Dubowski JJ. Growth of Escherichia coli on the GaAs (001) surface. Talanta 2018; 178:69-77. [PMID: 29136882 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Detection of pathogenic bacteria and monitoring their susceptibility to antibiotics are of great importance in the fields of medicine, pharmaceutical research, as well as water and food industries. In order to develop a photonic biosensor for detection of bacteria by taking advantage of photoluminescence (PL) of GaAs-based devices, we have investigated the capture and growth of Escherichia coli K12 on bare and biofunctionalized surfaces of GaAs (001) - a material of interest for capping different semiconductor microstructures. The results were compared with the capture and growth of Escherichia coli K12 on Au surfaces that have commonly been applied for studying a variety of biological and biochemical reactions. We found that neither GaAs nor Au-coated glass wafers placed in Petri dishes inoculated with bacteria inhibited bacterial growth in nutrient agar, regardless of the wafers being bare or biofunctionalized. However, the capture and growth of bacteria on biofunctionalized surfaces of GaAs and Au wafers kept in a flow cell and exposed to different concentrations of bacteria and growth medium revealed that the initial surface coverage and the subsequent bacterial growth were dependent on the biofunctionalization architecture, with antibody-coated surfaces clearly being most efficient in capturing bacteria and offering better conditions for growth of bacteria. We have observed that, as long as the GaAs wafers were exposed to bacterial suspensions at concentrations of at least 105 CFU/mL, bacteria could grow on the surface of wafers, regardless of the type of biofunctionalization architecture used to capture the bacteria. These results provide important insight towards the successful development of GaAs-based devices designed for photonic monitoring of bacterial reactions to different biochemical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Nazemi
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Technological Innovation (3IT), CNRS UMI-3463, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 3000, boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 0A5.
| | - Walid M Hassen
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Technological Innovation (3IT), CNRS UMI-3463, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 3000, boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 0A5.
| | - Eric H Frost
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Technological Innovation (3IT), CNRS UMI-3463, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 3000, boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 0A5; Department of Microbiology and Infectiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4.
| | - Jan J Dubowski
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Technological Innovation (3IT), CNRS UMI-3463, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 3000, boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 0A5.
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Mjos KD, Cawthray JF, Polishchuk E, Abrams MJ, Orvig C. Gallium(iii) and iron(iii) complexes of quinolone antimicrobials. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:13146-60. [PMID: 27315225 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01315e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient for many microbes. According to the "Trojan Horse Hypothesis", biological systems have difficulties distinguishing between Fe(3+) and Ga(3+), which constitutes the antimicrobial efficacy of the gallium(iii) ion. Nine novel tris(quinolono)gallium(iii) complexes and their corresponding iron(iii) analogs have been synthesized and fully characterized. Quinolone antimicrobial agents from three drug generations were used in this study: ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, fleroxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, oxolinic acid, and pipemidic acid. The antimicrobial efficacy of the tris(quinolono)gallium(iii) complexes was studied against E. faecalis and S. aureus (both Gram-positive), as well as E. coli, K. pneumonia, and P. aeruginosa (all Gram-negative) in direct comparison to the tris(quinolono)iron(iii) complexes and the corresponding free quinolone ligands at various concentrations. For the tris(quinolono)gallium(iii) complexes, no combinational antimicrobial effects between Ga(3+) and the quinolone antimicrobial agents were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Dralle Mjos
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Jacqueline F Cawthray
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Elena Polishchuk
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Michael J Abrams
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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Bonifacio MA, Cometa S, Dicarlo M, Baruzzi F, de Candia S, Gloria A, Giangregorio MM, Mattioli-Belmonte M, De Giglio E. Gallium-modified chitosan/poly(acrylic acid) bilayer coatings for improved titanium implant performances. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 166:348-357. [PMID: 28385242 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A gallium-modified chitosan/poly(acrylic acid) bilayer was obtained by electrochemical techniques on titanium to reduce orthopaedic and/or dental implants failure. The bilayer in vitro antibacterial properties and biocompatibility were evaluated against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and on MG63 osteoblast-like cells, respectively. Gallium loading into the bilayer was carefully tuned by the electrochemical deposition time to ensure the best balance between antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility. The 30min deposition time was able to reduce in vitro the viable cell counts of E. coli and P. aeruginosa of 2 and 3 log cfu/sheet, respectively. Our results evidenced that the developed antibacterial coating did not considerably alter the mechanical flexural properties of titanium substrates and, in addition, influenced positively MG63 adhesion and proliferation. Therefore, the gallium-modified chitosan/poly(acrylic acid) bilayer can be exploited as a promising titanium coating to limit bacterial adhesion and proliferation, while maintaining osseointegrative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manuela Dicarlo
- Dept. of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federico Baruzzi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA-CNR), National Research Council of Italy, Bari
| | - Silvia de Candia
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA-CNR), National Research Council of Italy, Bari
| | - Antonio Gloria
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), National Research Council of Italy, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria M Giangregorio
- Institute of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC-CNR), National Research Council of Italy, Bari, Italy
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29
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Innovative approaches to treat Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-related infections. Essays Biochem 2017; 61:61-70. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20160056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Many bacterial infections in humans and animals are caused by bacteria residing in biofilms, complex communities of attached organisms embedded in an extracellular matrix. One of the key properties of microorganisms residing in a biofilm is decreased susceptibility towards antimicrobial agents. This decreased susceptibility, together with conventional mechanisms leading to antimicrobial resistance, makes biofilm-related infections increasingly difficult to treat and alternative antibiofilm strategies are urgently required. In this review, we present three such strategies to combat biofilm-related infections with the important human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus: (i) targeting the bacterial communication system with quorum sensing (QS) inhibitors, (ii) a ‘Trojan Horse’ strategy to disturb iron metabolism by using gallium-based therapeutics and (iii) the use of ‘non-antibiotics’ with antibiofilm activity identified through screening of repurposing libraries.
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Gugala N, Lemire JA, Turner RJ. The efficacy of different anti-microbial metals at preventing the formation of, and eradicating bacterial biofilms of pathogenic indicator strains. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 70:775-780. [PMID: 28196974 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2017.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens and the prevalence of biofilm-related infections have generated a demand for alternative anti-microbial therapies. Metals have not been explored in adequate detail for their capacity to combat infectious disease. Metal compounds can now be found in textiles, medical devices and disinfectants-yet, we know little about their efficacy against specific pathogens. To help fill this knowledge gap, we report on the anti-microbial and antibiofilm activity of seven metals: silver, copper, titanium, gallium, nickel, aluminum and zinc against three bacterial strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. To evaluate the capacity of metal ions to prevent the growth of, and eradicate biofilms and planktonic cells, bacterial cultures were inoculated in the Calgary Biofilm Device (minimal biofilm eradication concentration) in the presence of the metal salts. Copper, gallium and titanium were capable of preventing planktonic and biofilm growth, and eradicating established biofilms of all tested strains. Further, we observed that the efficacies of the other tested metal salts displayed variable efficacy against the tested strains. Further, contrary to the enhanced resistance anticipated from bacterial biofilms, particular metal salts were observed to be more effective against biofilm communities versus planktonic cells. In this study, we have demonstrated that the identity of the bacterial strain must be considered before treatment with a particular metal ion. Consequent to the use of metal ions as anti-microbial agents to fight multidrug-resistant and biofilm-related infections increases, we must aim for more selective deployment in a given infectious setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Gugala
- The Biofilm Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Joe A Lemire
- The Biofilm Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Raymond J Turner
- The Biofilm Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Rahimnejad Yazdi A, Torkan L, Stone W, Towler MR. The impact of gallium content on degradation, bioactivity, and antibacterial potency of zinc borate bioactive glass. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:367-376. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Rahimnejad Yazdi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering; Ryerson University; Toronto M5B 2K3 Ontario Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital; Toronto M5B 1W8 Ontario Canada
| | - Lawrence Torkan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering; Ryerson University; Toronto M5B 2K3 Ontario Canada
- Faculty of Science; University of Ottawa; Ottawa K1N 6N5 Ontario Canada
| | - Wendy Stone
- Department of Chemistry and Biology; Ryerson University; Toronto M5B 2K3 Ontario Canada
| | - Mark R. Towler
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering; Ryerson University; Toronto M5B 2K3 Ontario Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital; Toronto M5B 1W8 Ontario Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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32
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Szebesczyk A, Olshvang E, Shanzer A, Carver PL, Gumienna-Kontecka E. Harnessing the power of fungal siderophores for the imaging and treatment of human diseases. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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33
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Kurtjak M, Vukomanović M, Kramer L, Suvorov D. Biocompatible nano-gallium/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite with antimicrobial activity. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:170. [PMID: 27704374 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5777-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Intensive research in the area of medical nanotechnology, especially to cope with the bacterial resistance against conventional antibiotics, has shown strong antimicrobial action of metallic and metal-oxide nanomaterials towards a wide variety of bacteria. However, the important remaining problem is that nanomaterials with highest antibacterial activity generally express also a high level of cytotoxicity for mammalian cells. Here we present gallium nanoparticles as a new solution to this problem. We developed a nanocomposite from bioactive hydroxyapatite nanorods (84 wt %) and antibacterial nanospheres of elemental gallium (16 wt %) with mode diameter of 22 ± 11 nm. In direct comparison, such nanocomposite with gallium nanoparticles exhibited better antibacterial properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and lower in-vitro cytotoxicity for human lung fibroblasts IMR-90 and mouse fibroblasts L929 (efficient antibacterial action and low toxicity from 0.1 to 1 g/L) than the nanocomposite of hydroxyapatite and silver nanoparticles (efficient antibacterial action and low toxicity from 0.2 to 0.25 g/L). This is the first report of a biomaterial composite with gallium nanoparticles. The observed strong antibacterial properties and low cytotoxicity make the investigated material promising for the prevention of implantation-induced infections that are frequently caused by P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Kurtjak
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Advanced Materials Department, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
- Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
| | - Marija Vukomanović
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Advanced Materials Department, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Lovro Kramer
- Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Danilo Suvorov
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Advanced Materials Department, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
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34
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Hakobyan S, Rzhepishevska O, Björn E, Boily JF, Ramstedt M. Influence of chelation strength and bacterial uptake of gallium salicylidene acylhydrazide on biofilm formation and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 160:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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35
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Kurtjak M, Vukomanović M, Krajnc A, Kramer L, Turk B, Suvorov D. Designing Ga(iii)-containing hydroxyapatite with antibacterial activity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23424k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporation of Ga3+ ions into hydroxyapatite under different conditions is studied in detail and its influence on ion-release, antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of the resulting Ga(iii)-containing hydroxyapatites is determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Kurtjak
- Advanced Materials Department
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
- Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School
| | - Marija Vukomanović
- Advanced Materials Department
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Andraž Krajnc
- Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
- National Institute of Chemistry
- 1001 Ljubljana
| | - Lovro Kramer
- Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department
- Jožef Stefan Institute
| | - Boris Turk
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Danilo Suvorov
- Advanced Materials Department
- Jožef Stefan Institute
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
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36
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Herron M, Schurr MJ, Murphy CJ, McAnulty JF, Czuprynski CJ, Abbott NL. Gallium-Loaded Dissolvable Microfilm Constructs that Provide Sustained Release of Ga(3+) for Management of Biofilms. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2849-59. [PMID: 26599466 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The persistence of bacterial biofilms in chronic wounds delays wound healing. Although Ga(3+) can inhibit or kill biofilms, precipitation as Ga(OH)3 has prevented its use as a topical wound treatment. The design of a microfilm construct comprising a polyelectrolyte film that releases noncytotoxic concentrations of Ga(3+) over 20 d and a dissolvable micrometer-thick film of polyvinylalcohol that enables facile transfer onto biomedically important surfaces is reported. By using infrared spectroscopy, it is shown that the density of free carboxylate/carboxylic acid and amine groups within the polyelectrolyte film regulates the capacity of the construct to be loaded with Ga(3+) and that the density of covalent cross-links introduced into the polyelectrolyte film (amide-bonds) controls the release rate of Ga(3+) . Following transfer onto the wound-contact surface of a biologic wound dressing, an optimized construct is demonstrated to release ≈0.7 μg cm(-2) d(-1) of Ga(3+) over 3 weeks, thus continuously replacing Ga(3+) lost to precipitation. The optimized construct inhibits formation of P. aeruginosa (two strains; ATCC 27853 and PA01) biofilms for up to 4 d and causes pre-existing biofilms to disperse. Overall, this study provides designs of polymeric constructs that permit facile modification of the wound-contacting surfaces of dressings and biomaterials to manage biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Herron
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Wisconsin; 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Michael J. Schurr
- Department of Surgery; School of Medicine; University of Colorado-Denver; 12631 E. 17th Avenue Aurora CO 80045 USA
| | - Christopher J. Murphy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences; School of Medicine; Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California-Davis; 1423 Tupper Hall Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Jonathan F. McAnulty
- Department of Surgical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 2015, Linden Dr Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Charles J. Czuprynski
- Department of Pathobiology; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 2015, Linden Dr Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Nicholas L. Abbott
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Wisconsin; 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
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Rangel-Vega A, Bernstein LR, Mandujano-Tinoco EA, García-Contreras SJ, García-Contreras R. Drug repurposing as an alternative for the treatment of recalcitrant bacterial infections. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:282. [PMID: 25914685 PMCID: PMC4391038 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infection remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the options for treating such infections are decreasing, due the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The pharmaceutical industry has produced few new types of antibiotics in more than a decade. Researchers are taking several approaches toward developing new classes of antibiotics, including (1) focusing on new targets and processes, such as bacterial cell–cell communication that upregulates virulence; (2) designing inhibitors of bacterial resistance, such as blockers of multidrug efflux pumps; and (3) using alternative antimicrobials such as bacteriophages. In addition, the strategy of finding new uses for existing drugs is beginning to produce results: antibacterial properties have been discovered for existing anticancer, antifungal, anthelmintic, and anti-inflammatory drugs. In this review, we discuss the antimicrobial properties of gallium compounds, 5-fluorouracil, ciclopirox, diflunisal, and some other FDA-approved drugs and argue that their repurposing for the treatment of bacterial infections, including those that are multidrug resistant, is a feasible strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Rangel-Vega
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Edna Ayerim Mandujano-Tinoco
- Epigenetics of Cancer Laboratory, Division of Basic Research, National Institute of Genomic Medicine Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rodolfo García-Contreras
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City, Mexico
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Comparing 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose and [68Ga]gallium-citrate translocation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:737-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.05.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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The gallium(III)–salicylidene acylhydrazide complex shows synergistic anti-biofilm effect and inhibits toxin production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 138:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Bonchi C, Imperi F, Minandri F, Visca P, Frangipani E. Repurposing of gallium-based drugs for antibacterial therapy. Biofactors 2014; 40:303-12. [PMID: 24532037 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens is vanishing current anti-infective therapies, the antibiotic discovery pipeline is drying up. In the last years, the repurposing of existing drugs for new clinical applications has become a major research area in drug discovery, also in the field of anti-infectives. This review discusses the potential of repurposing previously approved gallium formulations in antibacterial chemotherapy. Gallium has no proven function in biological systems, but it can act as an iron-mimetic in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The activity of gallium mostly relies on its ability to replace iron in redox enzymes, thus impairing their function and ultimately hampering cell growth. Cancer cells and bacteria are preferential gallium targets due to their active metabolism and fast growth. The wealth of knowledge on the pharmacological properties of gallium has opened the door to the repurposing of gallium-based drugs for the treatment of infections sustained by antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens, such as Acinetobacter baumannii or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and for suppression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth. The promising antibacterial activity of gallium both in vitro and in different animal models of infection raises the hope that gallium will confirm its efficacy in clinical trials, and will become a valuable therapeutic option to cure otherwise untreatable bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bonchi
- Department of Sciences, University "Roma Tre,", Rome, Italy
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41
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Hakobyan S, Boily JF, Ramstedt M. Proton and gallium(III) binding properties of a biologically active salicylidene acylhydrazide. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 138:9-15. [PMID: 24837332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm formation causes a range of problems in our society, especially in health care. Salicylidene acylhydrazides (hydrazones) are promising antivirulence drugs targeting secretion systems used during bacterial infection of host cells. When mixed with the gallium ion they become especially potent as bacterial and biofilm growth-suppressing agents, although the mechanisms through which this occurs are not fully understood. At the base of this uncertainty lies the nature of hydrazone-metal interactions. This study addresses this issue by resolving the equilibrium speciation of hydrazone-gallium aqueous solutions. The protonation constants of the target 2-oxo-2-[N-(2,4,6-trihydroxy-benzylidene)-hydrazino]-acetamide (ME0163) hydrazone species and of its 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde and oxamic acid hydrazide building blocks were determined by UV-visible spectrophotometry to achieve this goal. These studies show that the hydrazone is an excessively strong complexing agent for gallium and that its antivirulence properties are predominantly ascribed to monomeric 1:1Ga-ME0163 complexes of various Ga hydrolysis and ME0163 protonation states. The chelation of Ga(III) to the hydrazone also increased the stability of the compounds against acid-induced hydrolysis, making this group of compounds very interesting for biological applications where the Fe-antagonist action of both Ga(III) and the hydrazone can be combined for enhanced biological effect.
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42
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Minandri F, Bonchi C, Frangipani E, Imperi F, Visca P. Promises and failures of gallium as an antibacterial agent. Future Microbiol 2014; 9:379-97. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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43
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García-Contreras R, Lira-Silva E, Jasso-Chávez R, Hernández-González IL, Maeda T, Hashimoto T, Boogerd FC, Sheng L, Wood TK, Moreno-Sánchez R. Isolation and characterization of gallium resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants. Int J Med Microbiol 2013; 303:574-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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García-Contreras R, Pérez-Eretza B, Lira-Silva E, Jasso-Chávez R, Coria-Jiménez R, Rangel-Vega A, Maeda T, Wood TK. Gallium induces the production of virulence factors inPseudomonas aeruginosa. Pathog Dis 2013; 70:95-8. [DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rafael Coria-Jiménez
- Laboratory of Experimental Bacteriology; National Institute of Pediatrics; Mexico City Mexico
| | - Adrián Rangel-Vega
- Internal Medicine Department, Speciality Hospital; National Medical Center “Siglo XXI”; IMSS; Mexico City Mexico
| | - Toshinari Maeda
- Department of Biological Functions and Engineering; Kyushu Institute of Technology; Kitakyushu Japan
| | - Thomas K. Wood
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA USA
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Kelson AB, Carnevali M, Truong-Le V. Gallium-based anti-infectives: targeting microbial iron-uptake mechanisms. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013; 13:707-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gallium(III) complexes with 2-acetylpyridine-derived thiosemicarbazones: antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects and investigation on the interactions with tubulin. Biometals 2013; 26:151-65. [PMID: 23344786 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-012-9603-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Complexes [Ga(2Ac4pFPh)(2)]NO(3) (1), [Ga(2Ac4pClPh)(2)]NO(3) (2), [Ga(2Ac4pIPh)(2)]NO(3) (3), [Ga(2Ac4pNO(2)Ph)(2)]NO(3)·3H(2)O (4) and [Ga(2Ac4pT)(2)]NO(3) (5) were obtained with 2-acetylpyridine N(4)-para-fluorophenyl-(H2Ac4pFPh), 2-acetylpyridine N(4)-para-chlorophenyl-(H2Ac4pClPh), 2-acetylpyridine N(4)-para-iodophenyl-(H2Ac4pIPh), 2-acetylpyridine N(4)-para-nitrophenyl-(H2Ac4pNO(2)Ph) and 2-acetylpyridine N(4)-para-tolyl-(H2Ac4pT) thiosemicarbazone. 1-5 presented antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. Coordination to gallium(III) proved to be an effective strategy for activity improvement against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The complexes were highly cytotoxic against malignant glioblastoma and breast cancer cells at nanomolar concentrations. The compounds induced morphological changes characteristic of apoptotic death in tumor cells and showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. 2 partially inhibited tubulin assembly at high concentrations and induced cellular microtubule disorganization, but this does not appear to be the main mechanism of cytotoxic activity.
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Extreme zinc tolerance in acidophilic microorganisms from the bacterial and archaeal domains. Extremophiles 2012; 17:75-85. [PMID: 23143658 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zinc can occur in extremely high concentrations in acidic, heavy metal polluted environments inhabited by acidophilic prokaryotes. Although these organisms are able to thrive in such severely contaminated ecosystems their resistance mechanisms have not been well studied. Bioinformatic analysis of a range of acidophilic bacterial and archaeal genomes identified homologues of several known zinc homeostasis systems. These included primary and secondary transporters, such as the primary heavy metal exporter ZntA and Nramp super-family secondary importer MntH. Three acidophilic model microorganisms, the archaeon 'Ferroplasma acidarmanus', the Gram negative bacterium Acidithiobacillus caldus, and the Gram positive bacterium Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans, were selected for detailed analyses. Zinc speciation modeling of the growth media demonstrated that a large fraction of the free metal ion is complexed, potentially affecting its toxicity. Indeed, many of the putative zinc homeostasis genes were constitutively expressed and with the exception of 'F. acidarmanus' ZntA, they were not up-regulated in the presence of excess zinc. Proteomic analysis revealed that zinc played a role in oxidative stress in At. caldus and Am. ferrooxidans. Furthermore, 'F. acidarmanus' kept a constant level of intracellular zinc over all conditions tested whereas the intracellular levels increased with increasing zinc exposure in the remaining organisms.
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Juárez-Hernández RE, Miller PA, Miller MJ. Syntheses of Siderophore-Drug Conjugates Using a Convergent Thiol-Maleimide System. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:799-803. [PMID: 23264853 DOI: 10.1021/ml300150y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Three siderophore-drug conjugates (sideromycins) were synthesized by preparation of a maleimide linked derivative of the siderophore desferrioxamine B and reacting the corresponding Ga(3+)-complex with freshly prepared thiol-containing antibiotics: loracarbef, ciprofloxacin and nadifloxacin. The conjugates and their synthetic precursors were tested against a broad panel of bacteria and were found to display Gram-positive selective, growth inhibitory activity (µM) indicating that this approach is suitable for the convergent synthesis and screening of novel sideromycins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl E. Juárez-Hernández
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland
Science Hall, University of Notre Dame,
Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Patricia A. Miller
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland
Science Hall, University of Notre Dame,
Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Marvin J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland
Science Hall, University of Notre Dame,
Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities of gallium nitrate against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:5961-70. [PMID: 22964249 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01519-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii poses a tremendous challenge to traditional antibiotic therapy. Due to the crucial role of iron in bacterial physiology and pathogenicity, we investigated iron metabolism as a possible target for anti-A. baumannii chemotherapy using gallium as an iron mimetic. Due to chemical similarity, gallium competes with iron for binding to several redox enzymes, thereby interfering with a number of essential biological reactions. We found that Ga(NO(3))(3), the active component of an FDA-approved drug (Ganite), inhibits the growth of a collection of 58 A. baumannii strains in both chemically defined medium and human serum, at concentrations ranging from 2 to 80 μM and from 4 to 64 μM, respectively. Ga(NO(3))(3) delayed the entry of A. baumannii into the exponential phase and drastically reduced bacterial growth rates. Ga(NO(3))(3) activity was strongly dependent on iron availability in the culture medium, though the mechanism of growth inhibition was independent of dysregulation of gene expression controlled by the ferric uptake regulator Fur. Ga(NO(3))(3) also protected Galleria mellonella larvae from lethal A. baumannii infection, with survival rates of ≥75%. At therapeutic concentrations for humans (28 μM plasma levels), Ga(NO(3))(3) inhibited the growth in human serum of 76% of the multidrug-resistant A. baumannii isolates tested by ≥90%, raising expectations on the therapeutic potential of gallium for the treatment of A. baumannii bloodstream infections. Ga(NO(3))(3) also showed strong synergism with colistin, suggesting that a colistin-gallium combination holds promise as a last-resort therapy for infections caused by pan-resistant A. baumannii.
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