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Leandro LF, Moraes TS, Damasceno JL, Veneziani RCS, Ambrosio SR, Bastos JK, Santiago MB, Pedroso RS, Martins CHG. Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antivirulence potential of the main diterpenes from Copaifera spp. oleoresins against multidrug-resistant bacteria. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:6975-6987. [PMID: 38619589 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm and antivirulence potential of the main diterpenes from Copaifera spp. oleoresins against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Antimicrobial assays included determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Biofilm (MICB50), as well as synergistic and antivirulence assays for eight diterpenes against MDR. The tests revealed that two diterpenes (named 1 and 5) showed the best results, with MIC and MBC between 12.5 and 50 μg/mL against most MDR bacteria. These diterpenes exhibited promising MICB50 in concentration between 3.12-25 μg/mL but showed no synergistic antimicrobial activity. In the assessment of antivirulence activity, diterpenes 1 and 5 inhibited only one of the virulence factors evaluated (Dnase) produced by some strains of S. aureus at subinhibitory concentration (6.25 μg/mL). Results obtained indicated that diterpenes isolated from Copaifera oleoresin plays an important part in the search of new antibacterial and antibiofilm agents that can act against MDR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Leandro
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - T S Moraes
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca - UNIFRAN, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J L Damasceno
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - R C S Veneziani
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca - UNIFRAN, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S R Ambrosio
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca - UNIFRAN, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J K Bastos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M B Santiago
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - R S Pedroso
- Technical School of Health, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - C H G Martins
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38405-320, Brazil.
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Santiago MB, Leandro LF, Rosa RB, Silva MV, Teixeira SC, Servato JPS, Ambrósio SR, Veneziani RCS, Aldana-Mejía JA, Bastos JK, Martins CHG. Brazilian Red Propolis Presents Promising Anti- H. pylori Activity in In Vitro and In Vivo Assays with the Ability to Modulate the Immune Response. Molecules 2022; 27:7310. [PMID: 36364137 PMCID: PMC9658018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, curved-rod, flagellated bacterium commonly found in the stomach mucosa and associated with different gastrointestinal diseases. With high levels of prevalence worldwide, it has developed resistance to the antibiotics used in its therapy. Brazilian red propolis has been studied due to its biological properties, and in the literature, it has shown promising antibacterial activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate anti-H. pylori from the crude hydroalcoholic extract of Brazilian red propolis (CHEBRP). For this, in vitro determination of the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC) and synergistic activity and in vivo, microbiological, and histopathological analyses using Wistar rats were carried out using CHEBRP against H. pylori strains (ATCC 46523 and clinical isolate). CHEBRP presented MIC/MBC of 50 and 100 μg/mL against H. pylori strains (ATCC 43526 and clinical isolate, respectively) and tetracycline MIC/MBC of 0.74 µg/mL. The association of CHEBRP with tetracycline had an indifferent effect. In the stomach mucosa of rats, all treatments performed significantly decreased the number of H. pylori, and a concentration of 300 mg/kg was able to modulate the inflammatory response in the tissue. Therefore, CHEBRP showed promising anti-H. pylori in in vitro and in vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B. Santiago
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405318, MG, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Leandro
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405318, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael B. Rosa
- Complex of Animal Facilities, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405315, MG, Brazil
| | - Murilo V. Silva
- Complex of Animal Facilities, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405315, MG, Brazil
| | - Samuel C. Teixeira
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405318, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Ricardo Ambrósio
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technolog, University of Franca, Franca 14404600, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Jennyfer A. Aldana-Mejía
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040900, SP, Brazil
| | - Jairo K. Bastos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040900, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique G. Martins
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405318, MG, Brazil
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Fioriti S, Brescini L, Pallotta F, Canovari B, Morroni G, Barchiesi F. Antifungal Combinations against Candida Species: From Bench to Bedside. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8101077. [PMID: 36294642 PMCID: PMC9605143 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida spp. is the major causative agent of fungal infections in hospitalized patients and the fourth most common cause of nosocomial bloodstream infection (BSI). The availability of standardized methods for testing the in vitro activity of antifungals along with the expanding of antifungal armamentarium, the rising of drug-resistance and the persistence of a high mortality rate in systemic candidiasis have led to an increased interest in combination therapy. Therefore, we aimed to review the scientific literature concerning the antifungal combinations against Candida. A literature search performed in PubMed yielded 92 studies published from 2000 to 2021: 29 articles referring to in vitro studies, six articles referring to either in vitro and in vivo (i.e., animal models) studies and 57 clinical articles. Pre-clinical studies involved 735 isolates of Candida species and 12 unique types of antifungal combination approaches including azoles plus echinocandins (19%), polyenes plus echinocandins (16%), polyenes plus azoles (13%), polyenes plus 5-flucytosine ([5-FC], 13%), azoles plus 5-FC (11%) and other types of combinations (28%). Results varied greatly, often being species-, drug- and methodology-dependent. Some combinatorial regimens exerted a synergistic effect against difficult-to-treat Candida species (i.e., azoles plus echinocandins; polyenes plus 5-FC) or they were more effective than monotherapy in prevent or reducing biofilm formation and in speeding the clearance of infected tissues (i.e., polyenes plus echinocandins). In 283 patients with documented Candida infections (>90% systemic candidiasis/BSI), an antifungal combination approach could be evaluated. Combinations included: azoles plus echinocandins (36%), 5-FC-combination therapies (24%), polyenes plus azoles (18%), polyenes plus echinocandins (16%) and other types of combination therapy (6%). Case reports describing combination therapies yielded favorable response in most cases, including difficult-to-treat fungal infections (i.e., endocarditis, osteoarticular infections, CNS infections) or difficult-to-treat fungal pathogens. The only randomized trial comparing amphotericin-B deoxycholate (AMB) plus FLU vs. AMB alone for treatment of BSI in nonneutropenic patients showed that the combination trended toward improved success and more-rapid clearance from the bloodstream. In summary, antifungal combinations against Candida have produced great interest in the past two decades. To establish whether this approach can become a reliable treatment option, additional in vitro and clinical data are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Fioriti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucia Brescini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Infectious Disease Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti”, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Pallotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Infectious Disease Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti”, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Benedetta Canovari
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, 61121 Pesaro, Italy
| | - Gianluca Morroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-071-220-6298; Fax: +39-071-220-6297
| | - Francesco Barchiesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, 61121 Pesaro, Italy
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Lee YS, Chen X, Widiyanto TW, Orihara K, Shibata H, Kajiwara S. Curcumin affects function of Hsp90 and drug efflux pump of Candida albicans. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:944611. [PMID: 36237434 PMCID: PMC9551236 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.944611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a pathogenic yeast that causes candidiasis in immunocompromised patients. The overuse of antifungal drugs has led to the development of resistance to such drugs by this fungus, which is a major challenge in antifungal chemotherapy. One approach to this problem involves the utilization of new natural products as an alternative source of antifungals. Curcumin, one such natural product, has been widely studied as a drug candidate and is reported to exhibit antifungal activity against C. albicans. Although studies of the mechanism of curcumin against human cancer cells have shown that it inhibits heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), little is known about its function against C. albicans. In this paper, using a doxycycline-mediated HSP90 strain and an HSP90-overexpressing strain of C. albicans, we demonstrated that the curcumin triggered a decrease in Hsp90 by affecting it at the post-transcriptional level. This also led to the downregulation of HOG1 and CDR1, resulting in a reduction of the stress response and efflux pump activity of C. albicans. However, the inhibition of HSP90 by curcumin was not due to the inhibition of transcription factors HSF1 or AHR1. We also found that curcumin can not only decrease the transcriptional expression of CDR1, but also inhibit the efflux pump activity of Cdr1. Hence, we conclude that disruption of HSP90 by curcumin could impair cell growth, stress responses and efflux pump activity of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yean Sheng Lee
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Xinyue Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Kanami Orihara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Susumu Kajiwara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
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Meletiadis J, Andes DR, Lockhart SR, Ghannoum MA, Knapp CC, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Pfaller MA, Chaturvedi V, Walsh TJ. Multicenter Collaborative Study of the Interaction of Antifungal Combinations against Candida Spp. by Loewe Additivity and Bliss Independence-Based Response Surface Analysis. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090967. [PMID: 36135692 PMCID: PMC9500786 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination antifungal therapy is widely used but not well understood. We analyzed the spectrophotometric readings from a multicenter study conducted by the New York State Department of Health to further characterize the in vitro interactions of the major classes of antifungal agents against Candida spp. Loewe additivity-based fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICi) analysis and Bliss independence-based response surface (BIRS) analysis were used to analyze two-drug inter- and intraclass combinations of triazoles (AZO) (voriconazole, posaconazole), echinocandins (ECH) (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin), and a polyene (amphotericin B) against Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata. Although mean FIC indices did not differ statistically significantly from the additivity range of 0.5−4, indicating no significant pharmacodynamic interactions for all of the strain−combinations tested, BIRS analysis showed that significant pharmacodynamic interactions with the sum of percentages of interactions determined with this analysis were strongly associated with the FIC indices (Χ2 646, p < 0.0001). Using a narrower additivity range of 1−2 FIC index analysis, statistically significant pharmacodynamic interactions were also found with FICi and were in agreement with those found with BIRS analysis. All ECH+AB combinations were found to be synergistic against all Candida strains except C. glabrata. For the AZO+AB combinations, synergy was found mostly with the POS+AB combination. All AZO+ECH combinations except POS+CAS were synergistic against all Candida strains although with variable magnitude; significant antagonism was found for the POS+MIF combination against C. albicans. The AZO+AZO combination was additive for all strains except for a C. parapsilosis strain for which antagonism was also observed. The ECH+ECH combinations were synergistic for all Candida strains except C. glabrata for which they were additive; no antagonism was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Meletiadis
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (T.J.W.); Tel.: +30-210-583-1909 (J.M.)
| | - David R. Andes
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Shawn R. Lockhart
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Diseases C, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Mahmoud A. Ghannoum
- Center for Medical Mycology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | - Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael A. Pfaller
- Medical Microbiology Division, Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Vishnu Chaturvedi
- Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Thomas J. Walsh
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Innovative Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Richmond, VA 23223, USA
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (T.J.W.); Tel.: +30-210-583-1909 (J.M.)
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Vitale RG. Role of Antifungal Combinations in Difficult to Treat Candida Infections. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:731. [PMID: 34575770 PMCID: PMC8468556 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida infections are varied and, depending on the immune status of the patient, a life-threatening form may develop. C. albicans is the most prevalent species isolated, however, a significant shift towards other Candida species has been noted. Monotherapy is frequently indicated, but the patient's evolution is not always favorable. Drug combinations are a suitable option in specific situations. The aim of this review is to address this problem and to discuss the role of drug combinations in difficult to treat Candida infections. A search for eligible studies in PubMed and Google Scholar databases was performed. An analysis of the data was carried out to define in which cases a combination therapy is the most appropriate. Combination therapy may be used for refractory candidiasis, endocarditis, meningitis, eye infections and osteomyelitis, among others. The role of the drug combination would be to increase efficacy, reduce toxicity and improve the prognosis of the patient in infections that are difficult to treat. More clinical studies and reporting of cases in which drug combinations are used are needed in order to have more data that support the use of this therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana G. Vitale
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina;
- Unidad de Parasitología, Sector Micología, Hospital J. M. Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ardi P, Daie-Ghazvini R, Hashemi SJ, Salehi MR, Bakhshi H, Rafat Z, Zareei M, Getso M, Basiri S, Sarwestani HK, Boroujeini ZB, Ahmadikia K. Study on invasive aspergillosis using galactomannan enzyme immunoassay and determining antifungal drug susceptibility among hospitalized patients with hematologic malignancies or candidates for organ transplantation. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104382. [PMID: 32663605 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of invasive aspergillosis (IA) has dramatically increased during the last decade. This infection is associated with high morbidity and mortality, ranging from 30% to 70%, especially in immunocompromised patients. Delay in diagnosis and treatment is usually associated with high mortality rates. This study was aimed to assess the diagnostic value of Galactomannan EIA (GM) for early diagnosis of aspergillosis in hospitalized patients with underlying conditions. Also, the antifungal drug susceptibility profiles of causative agents were investigated. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, during the period of 18 months starting from September 2017 until February 2019, 22 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and 13 biopsies from infected sinuses were obtained from a total of 150 patients suffering from different types of hematologic malignancies. All the samples were subjected to microscopic examination and fungal culture. Also, serum specimens were obtained from all patients (n = 135). 22 serum and 17 BAL specimens were tested for the GM level. Fungal identified were confirmed through the PCR-sequencing of the β-tubulin gene. The susceptibility to amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, ravuconazole, and caspofungin was evaluated according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute document M38-A2 (CLSI M38-A2) broth microdilution protocol. The results showed that the incident rate of IA was 23.33% and 35 patients with IA (12 proven cases and 23 probable cases) were diagnosed according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and Mycoses Study Group criteria. The 35 patients with IA in the current study comprised 19 men (54.29%) and 16 women (45.71%) with the median age of 42 years. AML (31.5%) was documented as the most prevalent risk factor among our subjects with IA and Aspergillus flavus (65.7%) was the most prevailing causal agent in this study. Among patients with IA, ague (71%) and cough (60%) were the most common symptoms. In the present study, a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 98% was reported for GM ELISA in BAL specimens. Also, a sensitivity of 58% and a specificity of 98% was reported for GM ELISA in serum samples. Among 6 tested antifungal drugs, the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were observed for posaconazole and ravuconazole which showed the range of 0.008-0.0062 μgml and 0.031-0.125 μgml, respectively. The current study has demonstrated that determining the value of GM investigation in BAL and serum specimens can be promising in early diagnosis of IA, also molecular identification of the agents causing IA and their antifungal susceptibility patterns are essential issues for the targeted antifungal therapy and outcome improvement of patients with this life-threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Ardi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Daie-Ghazvini
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Jamal Hashemi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Salehi
- Infectious Diseases Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heidar Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rafat
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Zareei
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Health, Rescue and Treatment of Iran Police Force, Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Getso
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Basiri
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasti Kamali Sarwestani
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Borjian Boroujeini
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Ahmadikia
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Assessment of the antibacterial, antivirulence, and action mechanism of Copaifera pubiflora oleoresin and isolated compounds against oral bacteria. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110467. [PMID: 32603890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The microorganisms that constitute the oral microbiome can cause oral diseases, including dental caries and endodontic infections. The use of natural products could help to overcome bacterial resistance to the antimicrobials that are currently employed in clinical therapy. This study assessed the antimicrobial activity of the Copaifera pubiflora oleoresin and of the compounds isolated from this resin against oral bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays provided values ranging from 6.25 to > 400 μg/mL for the C. pubiflora oleoresin and its isolated compounds. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) assay showed that the oleoresin and chlorhexidine did not act synergistically. All the tested bacterial strains formed biofilms. MICB50 determination revealed inhibitory action: values varied from 3.12-25 μg/mL for the oleoresin, and from 0.78 to 25 μg/mL for the ent-hardwickiic acid. Concerning biofilm eradication, the C. pubiflora oleoresin and hardwickiic acid eradicated 99.9 % of some bacterial biofilms. Acid resistance determination showed that S. mutans was resistant to acid in the presence of the oleoresin and ent-hardwickiic acid at pH 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0 at all the tested concentrations. Analysis of DNA/RNA and protein release by the cell membrane demonstrated that the oleoresin and hardwiickic acid damaged the bacterial membrane irreversibly, which affected membrane integrity. Therefore, the C. pubiflora oleoresin and ent-hardwickiic acid have potential antibacterial effect and can be used as new therapeutic alternatives to treat oral diseases such as dental caries and endodontic infections.
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In Vitro Evaluation of Antifungal Drug Combinations against Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris Isolates from New York Outbreak. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.02195-19. [PMID: 31932367 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02195-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2016, New York hospitals and health care facilities have faced an unprecedented outbreak of the pathogenic yeast Candida auris We tested over 1,000 C. auris isolates from affected facilities and found high resistance to fluconazole (MIC > 256 mg/liter) and variable resistance to other antifungal drugs. Therefore, we tested if two-drug combinations are effective in vitro against multidrug-resistant C. auris Broth microdilution antifungal combination plates were custom manufactured by TREK Diagnostic System. We used 100% inhibition endpoints for the drug combination as reported earlier for the intra- and interlaboratory agreements against Candida species. The results were derived from 12,960 readings, for 15 C. auris isolates tested against 864 two-drug antifungal combinations for nine antifungal drugs. Flucytosine (5FC) at 1.0 mg/liter potentiated the most combinations. For nine C. auris isolates resistant to amphotericin B (AMB; MIC ≥ 2.0 mg/liter), AMB-5FC (0.25/1.0 mg/liter) yielded 100% inhibition. Six C. auris isolates resistant to three echinocandins (anidulafungin [AFG], MIC ≥ 4.0 mg/liter; caspofungin [CAS], MIC ≥ 2.0 mg/liter; and micafungin [MFG], MIC ≥ 4.0 mg/liter) were 100% inhibited by AFG-5FC and CAS-5FC (0.0078/1 mg/liter) and MFG-5FC (0.12/1 mg/liter). None of the combinations were effective for C. auris 18-1 and 18-13 (fluconazole [FLC] > 256 mg/liter, 5FC > 32 mg/liter) except MFG-5FC (0.1/0.06 mg/liter). Thirteen isolates with a high voriconazole (VRC) MIC (>2 mg/liter) were 100% inhibited by the VRC-5FC (0.015/1 mg/liter). The simplified two-drug combination susceptibility test format would permit laboratories to provide clinicians and public health experts with additional data to manage multidrug-resistant C. auris.
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Vieira RGL, Moraes TDS, Silva LDO, Bianchi TC, Veneziani RCS, Ambrósio SR, Bastos JK, Pires RH, Martins CHG. In vitro studies of the antibacterial activity of Copaifera spp. oleoresins, sodium hypochlorite, and peracetic acid against clinical and environmental isolates recovered from a hemodialysis unit. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2018; 7:14. [PMID: 29410782 PMCID: PMC5782372 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-018-0307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients submitted to hemodialysis therapy are more susceptible to infection, especially to infection by Gram-positive bacteria. Various research works have attempted to discover new antimicrobial agents from plant extracts and other natural products. Methods The present study aimed to assess the antibacterial activities of Copaifera duckei, C. reticulata, and C. oblongifolia oleoresins; sodium hypochlorite; and peracetic acid against clinical and environmental isolates recovered from a Hemodialysis Unit. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and the Fractionated Inhibitory Concentration Index were determined; the ability of the tested compounds/extracts to inhibit biofilm formation was evaluated by calculating the MICB50 and IC50. Results C. duckei was the most efficient among the assayed Copaifera species, and its oleoresin was more effective than peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite. Copaifera oleoresins and disinfectants did not act synergistically at any of the tested combinations. Certain of C. duckei oleoresin, peracetic acid, and sodium hypochlorite concentrations inhibited biofilm formation and eradicated 50% of the biofilm population. Conclusion C. duckei oleoresin is a potential candidate for disinfectant formulations. Based on these results and given the high incidence of multi-resistant bacteria in hemodialysis patients, it is imperative that new potential antibacterial agents like C. duckei oleoresin, which is active against Staphylococcus, be included in disinfectant formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosimara Gonçalves Leite Vieira
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Research in Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Avenida Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, Franca - São Paulo, 14404-600 Brazil
| | - Thaís da Silva Moraes
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Research in Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Avenida Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, Franca - São Paulo, 14404-600 Brazil
| | - Larissa de Oliveira Silva
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Research in Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Avenida Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, Franca - São Paulo, 14404-600 Brazil
| | - Thamires Chiquini Bianchi
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Research in Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Avenida Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, Franca - São Paulo, 14404-600 Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cassio Sola Veneziani
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Research in Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Avenida Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, Franca - São Paulo, 14404-600 Brazil
| | - Sérgio Ricardo Ambrósio
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Research in Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Avenida Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, Franca - São Paulo, 14404-600 Brazil
| | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto - São Paulo, 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Regina Helena Pires
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Research in Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Avenida Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, Franca - São Paulo, 14404-600 Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Gomes Martins
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Research in Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Avenida Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, Franca - São Paulo, 14404-600 Brazil
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11
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Moreti DLC, Leandro LF, da Silva Moraes T, Moreira MR, Sola Veneziani RC, Ambrosio SR, Figueiredo Almeida Gomes BP, Martins CHG. Mikania glomerata Sprengel extract and its major compound ent -kaurenoic acid display activity against bacteria present in endodontic infections. Anaerobe 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Leandro LF, Moraes TDS, de Oliveira PF, Alves JM, Senedese JM, Ozelin SD, Resende FA, De Grandis RA, Varanda EA, Bastos JK, Tavares DC, Martins CHG. Assessment of the antibacterial, cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of the phenolic-rich hydroalcoholic extract from Copaifera trapezifolia Hayne leaves. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:937-950. [PMID: 27452156 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Copaifera trapezifolia Hayne occurs in the Atlantic Rainforest, which is considered one of the most important and endangered tropical forests on the planet. Although literature works have described many Copaifera spp., their biological activities remain little known. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate (1) the potential of the hydroalcoholic extract from C. trapezifolia leaves (CTE) to act against the causative agents of tooth decay and apical periodontitis and (2) the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of CTE to ensure that it is safe for subsequent application. Concerning the tested bacteria, the MIC and the minimum bactericidal concentration of CTE varied between 100 and 400 µg ml-1. The time-kill assay conducted at a CTE concentration of 100 µg ml-1 evidenced bactericidal activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 33277) and Peptostreptococcus micros (clinical isolate) within 72 h. CTE at 200 µg ml-1 inhibited Porphyromonas gingivalis and Peptostreptococcus micros biofilm formation by at least 50 %. A combination of CTE with chlorhexidine dichlorohydrate did not prompt any synergistic effects. The colony-forming assay conducted on V79 cells showed that CTE was cytotoxic at concentrations above 156 µg ml-1. CTE exerted mutagenic effect on V79 cells, but the micronucleus test conducted on Swiss mice and the Ames test did not reveal any mutagenicity. Therefore, the use of standardized and safe extracts could be an important strategy to develop novel oral care products with antibacterial action. These extracts could also serve as a source of compounds for the discovery of new promising biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Fernando Leandro
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Microbiology, University of Franca - UNIFRAN, Franca, 14404-600 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís da Silva Moraes
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Microbiology, University of Franca - UNIFRAN, Franca, 14404-600 São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jacqueline Morais Alves
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, University of Franca - UNIFRAN, Franca, 14404-600 São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Saulo Duarte Ozelin
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, University of Franca - UNIFRAN, Franca, 14404-600 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Aparecida Resende
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of São Paulo, Araraquara, 14801-902 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rone Aparecido De Grandis
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of São Paulo, Araraquara, 14801-902 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Aparecida Varanda
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of São Paulo, Araraquara, 14801-902 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Crispim Tavares
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, University of Franca - UNIFRAN, Franca, 14404-600 São Paulo, Brazil
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Soberón JR, Lizarraga EF, Sgariglia MA, Carrasco Juárez MB, Sampietro DA, Ben Altabef A, Catalán CAN, Vattuone MA. Antifungal activity of 4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)acetophenone against Candida albicans: evidence for the antifungal mode of action. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 108:1047-57. [PMID: 26342699 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The main secondary metabolite of Senecio nutans is 4-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)acetophenone (4HMBA). The antifungal activity of this compound and three derivatives was assessed using Candida albicans. 4HMBA exhibited the highest antifungal activity among the assayed compounds. The Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC = 0.133) indicated a synergistic fungicidal effect of 4HMBA (5 mg L(-1)) and fluconazole (FLU) (0.5 mg L(-1)) against the C. albicans reference strain (ATCC 10231). Microscopy showed that 4HMBA inhibits filamentation and reduces cell wall thickness. Our findings suggest that 4HMBA is an interesting compound to diminish resistance to commercial fungistatic drugs such as fluconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R Soberón
- Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491 (T4000INI), San Miguel De Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina. .,Laboratorio de Biología de Agentes Bioactivos y Fitopatógenos (LABIFITO), Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471 (T4000INI), San Miguel De Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina. .,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Ciudad Autónoma De Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Emilio F Lizarraga
- Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491 (T4000INI), San Miguel De Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Ciudad Autónoma De Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química del Noroeste Argentino (INQUINOA), CONICET, Ayacucho 471 (T4000INI), San Miguel De Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Melina A Sgariglia
- Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491 (T4000INI), San Miguel De Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Biología de Agentes Bioactivos y Fitopatógenos (LABIFITO), Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471 (T4000INI), San Miguel De Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Ciudad Autónoma De Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María B Carrasco Juárez
- Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491 (T4000INI), San Miguel De Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Biología de Agentes Bioactivos y Fitopatógenos (LABIFITO), Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471 (T4000INI), San Miguel De Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Ciudad Autónoma De Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego A Sampietro
- Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491 (T4000INI), San Miguel De Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Biología de Agentes Bioactivos y Fitopatógenos (LABIFITO), Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471 (T4000INI), San Miguel De Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Ciudad Autónoma De Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aida Ben Altabef
- Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491 (T4000INI), San Miguel De Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Ciudad Autónoma De Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química del Noroeste Argentino (INQUINOA), CONICET, Ayacucho 471 (T4000INI), San Miguel De Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - César A N Catalán
- Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491 (T4000INI), San Miguel De Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Ciudad Autónoma De Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Química del Noroeste Argentino (INQUINOA), CONICET, Ayacucho 471 (T4000INI), San Miguel De Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Marta A Vattuone
- Laboratorio de Biología de Agentes Bioactivos y Fitopatógenos (LABIFITO), Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471 (T4000INI), San Miguel De Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Ciudad Autónoma De Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Pfaller M, Rhomberg P, Messer S, Castanheira M. In vitro activity of a Hos2 deacetylase inhibitor, MGCD290, in combination with echinocandins against echinocandin-resistant Candida species. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 81:259-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Ren P, Luo M, Lin S, Ghannoum MA, Isham N, Diekema DJ, Pfaller MA, Messer S, Lockhart SR, Iqbal N, Chaturvedi V. Multilaboratory testing of antifungal drug combinations against Candida species and Aspergillus fumigatus: utility of 100 percent inhibition as the endpoint. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:1759-66. [PMID: 25512402 PMCID: PMC4325810 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04545-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Four laboratories tested three isolates of Candida species and two isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus using 96-well plates containing combinations of amphotericin B, anidulafungin, caspofungin, micafungin, fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole. The majority of summation fractional inhibitory concentration indices (ΣFICI) based on the Lowe additivity formula suggested indifferent drug interactions (ΣFICI > 0.5 and ≤4.0) and no instance of drug antagonism (ΣFICI > 4.0). The intra- and interlaboratory agreement rates were superior when MIC100 readings were used as endpoints (at a 99% confidence interval [CI]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ren
- Mycology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Ming Luo
- Bureau of Environmental & Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Shao Lin
- Bureau of Environmental & Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Mahmoud A Ghannoum
- Center for Medical Mycology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nancy Isham
- Center for Medical Mycology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Dan J Diekema
- Medical Microbiology Division, Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Michael A Pfaller
- Medical Microbiology Division, Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Shawn Messer
- Medical Microbiology Division, Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Shawn R Lockhart
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Naureen Iqbal
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vishnu Chaturvedi
- Mycology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
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Oz Y, Dag I, Kiraz N. Broth Microdilution and Time–Kill Testing of Caspofungin, Voriconazole, Amphotericin B and their Combinations Against Clinical Isolates of Candida krusei. Mycopathologia 2011; 173:27-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-011-9459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Chronic rhinofacial mucormycosis caused by Mucor irregularis (Rhizomucor variabilis) in India. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:2372-5. [PMID: 21508154 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02326-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we describe a chronic case of rhinofacial mucormycosis caused by Mucor irregularis, formerly known as Rhizomucor variabilis var. variabilis, a rare mycotic agent in humans. The infection caused progressive destruction of the nasal septum and soft and hard palate, leading to collapse of the nose bridge and an ulcerative gaping hole. The mucoralean mold cultured from a nasal biopsy specimen was determined by multilocus DNA sequence data to be conspecific with M. irregularis.
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Multilaboratory testing of two-drug combinations of antifungals against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Candida parapsilosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:1543-8. [PMID: 21282457 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01510-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There are few multilaboratory studies of antifungal combination testing to suggest a format for use in clinical laboratories. In the present study, eight laboratories tested quality control (QC) strain Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 and clinical isolates Candida albicans 20533.043, C. albicans 20464.007, Candida glabrata 20205.075, and C. parapsilosis 20580.070. The clinical isolates had relatively high azole and echinocandin MICs. A modified CLSI M27-A3 protocol was used, with 96-well custom-made plates containing checkerboard pairwise combinations of amphotericin B (AMB), anidulafungin (AND), caspofungin (CSP), micafungin (MCF), posaconazole (PSC), and voriconazole (VRC). The endpoints were scored visually and on a spectrophotometer or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader for 50% growth reduction (50% inhibitory concentration [IC(50)]). Combination IC(50)s were used to calculate summation fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) (ΣFIC) based on the Lowe additivity formula. The results revealed that the IC(50)s of all drug combinations were lower or equal to the IC(50) of individual drugs in the combination. A majority of the ΣFIC values were indifferent (ΣFIC = 0.51 to 2.0), but no antagonism was observed (ΣFIC ≥ 4). Synergistic combinations (ΣFIC ≤ 0.5) were found for AMB-PSC against C. glabrata and for AMB-AND and AMB-CSP against C. parapsilosis by both visual and spectrophotometric readings. Additional synergistic interactions were revealed by either of the two endpoints for AMB-AND, AMB-CSP, AMB-MCF, AMB-PSC, AMB-VRC, AND-PSC, CSP-MCF, and CSP-PSC. The percent agreements among participating laboratories ranged from 37.5% (lowest) for AND-CSP and POS-VOR to 87.5% (highest) for AMB-MCF and AND-CSP. Median ΣFIC values showed a wide dispersion, and interlaboratory agreements were less than 85% in most instances. Additional studies are needed to improve the interlaboratory reproducibility of antifungal combination testing.
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Amorim A, Guedes-Vaz L, Araujo R. Susceptibility to five antifungals of Aspergillus fumigatus strains isolated from chronically colonised cystic fibrosis patients receiving azole therapy. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2010; 35:396-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rhizomucor variabilis var. regularior and Hormographiella aspergillata infections in a leukemic bone marrow transplant recipient with refractory neutropenia. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47:4176-9. [PMID: 19846651 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00305-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizomucor variabilis and Hormographiella aspergillata rarely cause human infections. This report details a fatal case of a 14-year-old female with leukemia posthematopoietic cell transplant and relapse with refractory pancytopenia. The patient first developed an R. variabilis var. regularior palate infection and later developed a cutaneous H. aspergillata infection while on posaconazole and caspofungin therapy.
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Activity of MGCD290, a Hos2 histone deacetylase inhibitor, in combination with azole antifungals against opportunistic fungal pathogens. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47:3797-804. [PMID: 19794038 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00618-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the in vitro activity of the Hos2 fungal histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor MGCD290 (MethylGene, Inc.) in combination with azoles against azole-resistant yeasts and molds. Susceptibility testing was performed by the CLSI M27-A3 and M38-A2 broth microdilution methods. Testing of the combinations (MGCD290 in combination with fluconazole, posaconazole, or voriconazole) was performed by the checkerboard method. The fractional inhibitory concentrations were determined and were defined as <0.5 for synergy, >or=0.5 but <4 for indifference, and >or=4 for antagonism. Ninety-one isolates were tested, as follows: 30 Candida isolates, 10 Aspergillus isolates, 15 isolates of the Zygomycetes order, 10 Cryptococcus neoformans isolates, 8 Rhodotorula isolates, 8 Fusarium isolates, 5 Trichosporon isolates, and 5 Scedosporium isolates. MGCD290 showed modest activity when it was used alone (MICs, 1 to 8 microg/ml) and was mostly active against azole-resistant yeasts, but the MICs against molds were high (16 to >32 microg/ml). MGCD290 was synergistic with fluconazole against 55 (60%) of the 91 isolates, with posaconazole against 46 (51%) of the 91 isolates, and with voriconazole against 48 (53%) of the 91 isolates. Synergy between fluconazole and MGCD290 was observed against 26/30 (87%) Candida isolates. All 23 of the 91 Candida isolates that were not fluconazole susceptible demonstrated a reduced fluconazole MIC that crossed an interpretive breakpoint (e.g., resistant [MIC, >or=64 microg/ml] to susceptible [MIC, <or=8 microg/ml]) when fluconazole was combined with MGCD290 at 0.12 to 4 microg/ml. The activity of fluconazole plus MGCD290 was also synergistic against 6/10 Aspergillus isolates. Posaconazole plus MGCD290 demonstrated synergy against 14/15 Zygomycetes (9 Rhizopus isolates and 5 Mucor isolates). Voriconazole plus MGCD290 demonstrated synergy against six of eight Fusarium isolates. Thus, MGCD290 demonstrated in vitro synergy with azoles against the majority of clinical isolates tested, including many azole-resistant isolates and genera inherently resistant to azoles (e.g., Mucor and Fusarium). Further evaluation of fungal HDAC inhibitor-azole combinations is indicated.
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Evaluating the resistance to posaconazole by E-test and CLSI broth microdilution methodologies of Candida spp. and pathogenic moulds. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2009; 28:1137-40. [PMID: 19350293 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-009-0736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
E-test methodology was compared with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution, particularly concerning the detection of resistance to posaconazole among clinical fungal isolates. The susceptibility of a large set of fungal strains (n = 300) was evaluated following 24 and 48 h in two different culture media (RPMI 1640 and Sabouraud agar). Fungal strains were highly susceptible to posaconazole; however, few less susceptible strains were found, mostly regarding Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Acremonium sp., Cladosporium sp. and Scedosporium apiospermum. Broth microdilution and E-test methods provided similar results for posaconazole-susceptible strains, while the less susceptible fungal strains (10.3% of the strains showed MIC > or =2 microg/mL) resulted in higher discrepancies between the two methodologies, particularly concerning Candida spp. E-test susceptibility values were critically affected by the pH of the culture media. Sabouraud medium provided similar susceptibility results for moulds to those for RPMI, soon after 24 h. Posaconazole resistance was rare in this study, but routine susceptibility methods, such as the E-test, should be able to detect fungal strains with reduced susceptibility. E-test methodology still needs improvements to recognise accurately strains less susceptible to posaconazole.
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