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Mishra NN, Abdelhady W, Elsayed AM, Lapitan C, Proctor RA, Rybak MJ, Miro JM, Bayer AS. Combinations of Daptomycin plus Ceftriaxone, but Not Ascending Daptomycin Dose-Regimens, Are Effective in Experimental Endocarditis Caused by Streptococcus mitis -oralis Strains: Target Tissue Clearances and Prevention of Emergence of Daptomycin-Resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0147222. [PMID: 36877026 PMCID: PMC10112159 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01472-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Streptococcus mitis-oralis subgroup of the viridans group streptococci (VGS) are the most common cause of infective endocarditis (IE) in many parts of the world. These organisms are frequently resistant in vitro to standard β-lactams (e.g., penicillin; ceftriaxone [CRO]), and have the notable capacity for rapidly developing high-level and durable daptomycin resistance (DAP-R) during exposures in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. In this study, we used 2 prototypic DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) S. mitis-oralis strains (351; and SF100), which both evolved stable, high-level DAP-R in vitro within 1 to 3 days of DAP passage (5 to 20 μg/mL DAP). Of note, the combination of DAP + CRO prevented this rapid emergence of DAP-R in both strains during in vitro passage. The experimental rabbit IE model was then employed to quantify both the clearance of these strains from multiple target tissues, as well as the emergence of DAP-R in vivo under the following treatment conditions: (i) ascending DAP-alone dose-strategies encompassing human standard-dose and high-dose-regimens; and (ii) combinations of DAP + CRO on these same metrics. Ascending DAP-alone dose-regimens (4 to 18 mg/kg/d) were relatively ineffective at either reducing target organ bioburdens or preventing emergence of DAP-R in vivo. In contrast, the combination of DAP (4 or 8 mg/kg/d) + CRO was effective at clearing both strains from multiple target tissues (often with sterilization of bio-burdens in such organs), as well as preventing the emergence of DAP-R. In patients with serious S. mitis-oralis infections such as IE, especially caused by strains exhibiting intrinsic β-lactam resistance, initial therapy with combinations of DAP + CRO may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra N. Mishra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
- The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wessam Abdelhady
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Ahmed M. Elsayed
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Christian Lapitan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Richard A. Proctor
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael J. Rybak
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jose M. Miro
- Hospital Clinic, Institut d' Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi, iSunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arnold S. Bayer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
- The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Antonello RM, Canetti D, Riccardi N. Daptomycin synergistic properties from in vitro and in vivo studies: a systematic review. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 78:52-77. [PMID: 36227704 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Daptomycin is a bactericidal lipopeptide antibiotic approved for the treatment of systemic infections (i.e. skin and soft tissue infections, bloodstream infections, infective endocarditis) caused by Gram-positive cocci. It is often prescribed in association with a partner drug to increase its bactericidal effect and to prevent the emergence of resistant strains during treatment; however, its synergistic properties are still under evaluation. METHODS We performed a systematic review to offer clinicians an updated overview of daptomycin synergistic properties from in vitro and in vivo studies. Moreover, we reported all in vitro and in vivo data evaluating daptomycin in combination with other antibiotic agents, subdivided by antibiotic classes, and a summary graph presenting the most favourable combinations at a glance. RESULTS A total of 92 studies and 1087 isolates (723 Staphylococcus aureus, 68 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 179 Enterococcus faecium, 105 Enterococcus faecalis, 12 Enterococcus durans) were included. Synergism accounted for 30.9% of total interactions, while indifferent effect was the most frequently observed interaction (41.9%). Antagonistic effect accounted for 0.7% of total interactions. The highest synergistic rates against S. aureus were observed with daptomycin in combination with fosfomycin (55.6%). For S. epidermidis and Enterococcus spp., the most effective combinations were daptomycin plus ceftobiprole (50%) and daptomycin plus fosfomycin (63.6%) or rifampicin (62.8%), respectively. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES We believe this systematic review could be useful for the future updates of guidelines on systemic infections where daptomycin plays a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Maria Antonello
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence 50121, Italy
| | - Diana Canetti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Niccolò Riccardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
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The role of mprF mutations in "see-saw effect" of Daptomycin-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 66:e0129521. [PMID: 34662187 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01295-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of daptomycin-resistant (DAP-R) Staphylococcus aureus strains has become a global problem. Point mutations in mprF are the main cause of daptomycin (DAP) treatment failure. However, the impact of these specific point-mutations in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains associated with DAP resistance and the "see-saw effect" of distinct beta-lactams remains unclear. In this study, we used three series of clinical MRSA strains with three distinct mutated mprF alleles from clone complexes (CC) 5 and 59 to explore the "see-saw effect" and the combination effect of DAP plus beta-lactams. Through construction of mprF deletion and complementation strains of SA268, we determined that mprF-S295A, mprF-S337L and one novel mutation of mprF-I348del within the bifunctional domain lead to DAP resistance. Compared with wild-type mprF cloned from a DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) strain, these three mprF mutations conferred the "see-saw effect" to distinct beta-lactams in the SA268ΔmprF strains and mutated-mprF (I348del and S337L) did not alter the cell surface positive charge (P > 0.05). The susceptibility to beta-lactams increased significantly in DAP-R CC59 strains and the "see-saw effect" was found to be associated with distinct mutated mprF alleles and the category of beta-lactams. The synergistic activity of DAP plus oxacillin was detected in all DAP-R MRSA strains. Continued progress in understanding the mechanism of restoring susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics mediated by the mprF mutation and its impact on beta-lactam combination therapy will provide fundamental insights into treatment of MRSA infections.
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Vanamala K, Tatiparti K, Bhise K, Sau S, Scheetz MH, Rybak MJ, Andes D, Iyer AK. Novel approaches for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Using nanoparticles to overcome multidrug resistance. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:31-43. [PMID: 33091564 PMCID: PMC7855522 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes serious infections in both community and hospital settings, with high mortality rates. Treatment of MRSA infections is challenging because of the rapidly evolving resistance mechanisms combined with the protective biofilms of S. aureus. Together, these characteristic resistance mechanisms continue to render conventional treatment modalities ineffective. The use of nanoformulations with unique modes of transport across bacterial membranes could be a useful strategy for disease-specific delivery. In this review, we summarize treatment approaches for MRSA, including novel techniques in nanoparticulate designing for better therapeutic outcomes; and facilitate an understanding that nanoparticulate delivery systems could be a robust approach in the successful treatment of MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Vanamala
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Katyayani Tatiparti
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ketki Bhise
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Samaresh Sau
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Marc H Scheetz
- Departments of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacology, Midwestern University Chicago College of Pharmacy and Graduate Studies, Pharmacometric Center of Excellence, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael J Rybak
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - David Andes
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Arun K Iyer
- Use-Inspired Biomaterials and Integrated Nano Delivery Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Molecular Imaging Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Bactericidal activity of ceftobiprole combined with different antibiotics against selected Gram-positive isolates. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 93:77-81. [PMID: 30291042 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the in vitro susceptibility of ceftobiprole and its potential synergistic activity in combination with other antimicrobials against 46 selected Gram-positive pathogens displaying resistance or decrease susceptibility to several drugs. The gradient-cross method was used to assess synergism between ceftobiprole and daptomycin, levofloxacin, linezolid, rifampicin and piperacillin/tazobactam. Time-kill curves were performed for seven representative isolates. Ceftobiprole MICs ranged from 0.25-6 mg/L for staphylococci; 4-≥32 mg/L for Enterococcus faecalis, and 0.38-≥32 mg/L for E. faecium. Ceftobiprole plus daptomycin was synergistic against all isolates. Ceftobiprole plus linezolid was synergistic against 4 isolates belonging to different species. Ceftobiprole plus levofloxacin was synergistic only against enterococci. In conclusion, ceftobiprole exhibited a potent in vitro antibacterial activity and exhibited synergy with daptomycin against all Gram-positive isolates, despite their antibiotic resistance phenotypes. The use of ceftobiprole in combination may provide a promising alternative therapy for the treatment of resistant Gram-positive infections.
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Infective endocarditis occurs in approximately 15 of 100 000 people in the United States and has increased in incidence. Clinicians must make treatment decisions with respect to prophylaxis, surgical management, specific antibiotics, and the length of treatment in the setting of emerging, sometimes inconclusive clinical research findings. OBSERVATIONS Community-associated infective endocarditis remains the predominant form of the disease; however, health care accounts for one-third of cases in high-income countries. As medical interventions are increasingly performed on older patients, the disease incidence from cardiac implanted electronic devices is also increasing. In addition, younger patients involved with intravenous drug use has increased in the past decade and with it the proportion of US hospitalization has increased to more than 10%. These epidemiological factors have led to Staphylococcus aureus being the most common cause in high-income countries, accounting for up to 40% of cases. The mainstays of diagnosis are still echocardiography and blood cultures. Adjunctive imaging such as cardiac computed tomographic and nuclear imaging can improve the sensitivity for diagnosis when echocardiography is not conclusive. Serological studies, histopathology, and polymerase chain reaction assays have distinct roles in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis when blood culture have tested negative with the highest yield obtained from serological studies. Increasing antibiotic resistance, particularly to S aureus, has led to a need for different antibiotic treatment options such as newer antibiotics and combination therapy regimens. Surgery can confer a survival benefit to patients with major complications; however, the decision to pursue surgery must balance the risks and benefits of operations in these frequently high-risk patients. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The epidemiology and management of infective endocarditis are continually changing. Guidelines provide specific recommendations about management; however, careful attention to individual patient characteristics, pathogen, and risk of sequela must be considered when making therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jeffrey G Gaca
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Vivian H Chu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Concia E, Viscoli C, Del Bono V, Giannella M, Bassetti M, De Rosa GF, Durante Mangoni E, Esposito S, Giusti M, Grossi P, Menichetti F, Pea F, Petrosillo N, Tumbarello M, Stefani S, Venditti M, Viale P. The current role of glycopeptides in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in not neutropenic adults: the viewpoint of a group of Italian experts. J Chemother 2018; 30:157-171. [PMID: 29380676 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2017.1420610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is still an important problem in clinical and therapeutic area, worldwide. In Italy, in recent years, methicillin resistance remained stable, yet considerably high, the percentage of strains of MRSA being around 40%. It was deemed interesting and timely to carry out a consensus conference using the RAND/UCLA method to collect the opinion of a group of experts in infectious diseases on the role of glycopeptides in the management of MRSA infections within several clinical scenarios and namely in pneumonia, bacteremia and endocarditis, joint replacement infections, skin and soft tissue infections, diabetic foot, abdominal infections and central nervous system infections. The scenarios proposed by the Scientific Committee have been validated by a group of experts in infectious diseases and then voted in three meetings of infectious disease specialists. The results obtained on each individual condition were analyzed and therapeutic recommendations on each of these were released.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercole Concia
- a Università degli Studi di Verona, Italy - Dipartimento Diagnostica e Sanità Pubblica - Sezione Malattie Infettive
| | - Claudio Viscoli
- b A.O.U. IRCCS San Martino/Università degli Studi, Genova, Italy - Clinica delle Malattie Infettive
| | - Valerio Del Bono
- b A.O.U. IRCCS San Martino/Università degli Studi, Genova, Italy - Clinica delle Malattie Infettive
| | - Maddalena Giannella
- c Università degli Studi di Bologna/Ospedale Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy - Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Settore Malattie Infettive
| | - Matteo Bassetti
- d A.O.U. Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy - Clinica di Malattie Infettive (Bassetti), Istituto di Farmacologia Clinica (Pea)
| | | | | | - Silvano Esposito
- g Università degli Studi di Salerno, Italy, Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria "Scuola Medica Salernitana"
| | - Massimo Giusti
- h A.O. San Giovanni Bosco, Torino, Italy - Reparto di Medicina Interna A
| | - Paolo Grossi
- i Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy - Dipartimento di Medicina Interna - Malattie infettive e tropicali
| | - Francesco Menichetti
- j A.O.U. Pisana, Pisa, Italy - Direttore di Unità Operativa - U.O. Malattie Infettive
| | - Federico Pea
- d A.O.U. Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy - Clinica di Malattie Infettive (Bassetti), Istituto di Farmacologia Clinica (Pea)
| | - Nicola Petrosillo
- k Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Roma, Italy - U.O.C. Infezioni Sistemiche e dell'Immunodepresso
| | - Mario Tumbarello
- l Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy - Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Clinica delle Malattie Infettive
| | - Stefania Stefani
- m Università degli Studi di Catania, Italy - Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche
| | - Mario Venditti
- n Università "La Sapienza"/A.O. Policlinico Umberto I, Roma, Italy - Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive
| | - Pierluigi Viale
- c Università degli Studi di Bologna/Ospedale Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy - Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Settore Malattie Infettive
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Efficacy of Telavancin Alone and in Combination with Ampicillin in a Rat Model of Enterococcus faecalis Endocarditis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.02489-16. [PMID: 28320712 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02489-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We first assessed telavancin (TLV) pharmacokinetics in rats after a single subcutaneous dose of 35 mg/kg of body weight. The pharmacokinetic data were used to predict a TLV dose that simulates human exposure, and the efficacy of TLV was then evaluated using a TLV dose of 21 mg/kg every 12 h against Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF (TLV MIC of 0.06 μg/ml) in a rat endocarditis model with an indwelling catheter. Therapy was given for 3 days with TLV, daptomycin (DAP), or ampicillin (AMP) monotherapy and with combinations of TLV plus AMP, AMP plus gentamicin (GEN), and AMP plus ceftriaxone (CRO); rats were sacrificed 24 h after the last dose. Antibiotics were given to simulate clinically relevant concentrations or as used in other studies. TLV treatment resulted in a significant decrease in bacterial burden (CFU per gram) in vegetations from 6.0 log10 at time 0 to 3.1 log10 after 3 days of therapy. Bacterial burdens in vegetations were also significantly lower in the TLV-treated rats than in the AMP (P = 0.0009)- and AMP-plus-GEN (P = 0.035)-treated rats but were not significantly different from that of the AMP-plus-CRO-treated rats. Bacterial burdens from vegetations in TLV monotherapy and TLV-plus-AMP-and-DAP groups were similar to each other (P ≥ 0.05). Our data suggest that further study of TLV as a therapeutic alternative for deep-seated infections caused by vancomycin-susceptible E. faecalis is warranted.
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Nigo M, Diaz L, Carvajal LP, Tran TT, Rios R, Panesso D, Garavito JD, Miller WR, Wanger A, Weinstock G, Munita JM, Arias CA, Chambers HF. Ceftaroline-Resistant, Daptomycin-Tolerant, and Heterogeneous Vancomycin-Intermediate Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Causing Infective Endocarditis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:e01235-16. [PMID: 28232309 PMCID: PMC5328541 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01235-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of infective endocarditis (IE) caused by ceftaroline-resistant, daptomycin-tolerant, and heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Resistance to ceftaroline emerged in the absence of drug exposure, and the E447K substitution in the active site of PBP2a previously associated with ceftaroline resistance was identified. Additionally, we present evidence of patient-to-patient transmission of the strain within the same unit. This case illustrates the difficulties in treating MRSA IE in the setting of a multidrug-resistant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Nigo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lorena Diaz
- Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, International Center for Microbial Genomics, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lina P Carvajal
- Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, International Center for Microbial Genomics, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Truc T Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rafael Rios
- Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, International Center for Microbial Genomics, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana Panesso
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, International Center for Microbial Genomics, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Juan D Garavito
- Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, International Center for Microbial Genomics, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - William R Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Audrey Wanger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - George Weinstock
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jose M Munita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, International Center for Microbial Genomics, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cesar A Arias
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, International Center for Microbial Genomics, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Henry F Chambers
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Choo EJ, Chambers HF. Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia. Infect Chemother 2016; 48:267-273. [PMID: 28032484 PMCID: PMC5204005 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2016.48.4.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant cause of health care-associated infections. Vancomycin remains an acceptable treatment option. There has been a welcome increase in the number of agents available for the treatment of MRSA infection. These drugs have certain differentiating attributes and may offer some advantages over vancomycin, but they also have significant limitations. These agents provide some alternative when no other options are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Choo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Henry F Chambers
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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