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Sosa L, Espinoza LC, Fuentes JM, Siwady JA, Rodríguez Rivas F, Rincón Díaz M. Polyene macrolide antibiotic nanoemulsion: a proposal for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. BIONATURA 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.04.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that requires timely and inexpensive treatment. For this purpose, a nanoemulsion with a polyene macrolide antibiotic, or amphotericin B (NE-AmB), was developed. This study quantified the amount of drug permeated and retained in intact and lacerated human skin, simulating cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) processes. Toxicity in macrophage and keratinocyte cell lines, activity against promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania tropica, in vivo irritant activity, and histological evidence was evaluated. Results. The amount of drug retained in intact and damaged skin was 750.18 ± 5.43 and 567.97 ± 8.64 µg/g/cm2, respectively. There was no permeation. No apparent toxic effect was observed in HaCaT cell lines. The IC50 of NE-AmB found for promastigotes and amastigotes was 0.26 ± 0.09 and 0.37 ± 0.05 µg/mL, respectively. NE without AmB did show antiparasitic activity. The formulation showed lower IC50 values on both parasite stages than the AmB solution. There was no skin irritation, and histology showed skin improvement with treatment. We suggest that this NE-AmB may be a candidate for in vivo studies in CL patients.
Keywords. Leishmaniasis, Amphotericin B, ex vivo permeation studies, in vitro cytotoxicity, in vitro leishmanicidal activity, Draize test, histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Sosa
- Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Lupe Carolina Espinoza
- Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), Loja, Ecuador
| | | | - Jorge Alberto Siwady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Fredy Rodríguez Rivas
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - María Rincón Díaz
- Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona
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2
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Alpizar-Sosa EA, Ithnin NRB, Wei W, Pountain AW, Weidt SK, Donachie AM, Ritchie R, Dickie EA, Burchmore RJS, Denny PW, Barrett MP. Amphotericin B resistance in Leishmania mexicana: Alterations to sterol metabolism and oxidative stress response. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010779. [PMID: 36170238 PMCID: PMC9581426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphotericin B is increasingly used in treatment of leishmaniasis. Here, fourteen independent lines of Leishmania mexicana and one L. infantum line were selected for resistance to either amphotericin B or the related polyene antimicrobial, nystatin. Sterol profiling revealed that, in each resistant line, the predominant wild-type sterol, ergosta-5,7,24-trienol, was replaced by other sterol intermediates. Broadly, two different profiles emerged among the resistant lines. Whole genome sequencing then showed that these distinct profiles were due either to mutations in the sterol methyl transferase (C24SMT) gene locus or the sterol C5 desaturase (C5DS) gene. In three lines an additional deletion of the miltefosine transporter gene was found. Differences in sensitivity to amphotericin B were apparent, depending on whether cells were grown in HOMEM, supplemented with foetal bovine serum, or a serum free defined medium (DM). Metabolomic analysis after exposure to AmB showed that a large increase in glucose flux via the pentose phosphate pathway preceded cell death in cells sustained in HOMEM but not DM, indicating the oxidative stress was more significantly induced under HOMEM conditions. Several of the lines were tested for their ability to infect macrophages and replicate as amastigote forms, alongside their ability to establish infections in mice. While several AmB resistant lines showed reduced virulence, at least two lines displayed heightened virulence in mice whilst retaining their resistance phenotype, emphasising the risks of resistance emerging to this critical drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edubiel A. Alpizar-Sosa
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Nur Raihana Binti Ithnin
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W. Pountain
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute for Computational Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Stefan K. Weidt
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anne M. Donachie
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Ritchie
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Emily A. Dickie
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. S. Burchmore
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W. Denny
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P. Barrett
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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3
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Baghirova AA, Kasumov KM. Antifungal Macrocycle Antibiotic Amphotericin B-Its Present and Future. Multidisciplinary Perspective for the Use in the Medical Practice. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) SUPPLEMENT. SERIES B, BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2022; 16:1-12. [PMID: 35194486 PMCID: PMC8853366 DOI: 10.1134/s1990750822010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review is devoted to a broad analysis of the results of studies of the effect of macrocyclic antifungal polyene antibiotic amphotericin B on cell membranes. A detailed study of polyenes has shown that some of them can have not only antifungal, but also antiviral and antitumor effects. Under conditions of global pandemic fungal pathology develops especially quickly and in this case leads to invasive aspergillosis, which contributes to the complication of coronavirus infection in the lungs and even secondary infection with invasive aspergillosis. The treatment of an invasive form of bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is directly related to the immunomodulatory and immunostimulating properties of the macrocyclic polyene drug amphotericin B. The article presents experimental data on the study of the biological activity and membrane properties of amphotericin B and the effect of its chemically modified derivatives, as well as liposomal forms of amphotericin B on viral, bacterial and fungal infections. The mechanism of action of amphotericin B and its analogues is based on their interaction with cellular and lipid membranes, followed by formation of ion channels of molecular size in the membranes. The importance of these studies is that polyenes are sensitive to membranes that contain sterols of a certain structure. The analysis showed that pathogenic fungal cells containing ergosterol were 10−100 times more sensitive to polyene antibiotics than host cell membranes containing cholesterol. The high sterol selectivity of the action of polyenes opens broad prospects for the use of polyene antifungal drugs in practical medicine and pharmacology in the treatment of invasive mycoses and the prevention of atherosclerosis. In this context, it should be noted that polyene antibiotics are the main tool in the study of the biochemical mechanism of changes in the permeability of cell membranes for energy-dependent substrates. Chemical and genetic engineering transformation of the structure of polyene antibiotic molecules opens prospects for the identification and creation of new biologically active forms of the antibiotic that have a high selectivity of action in the treatment of pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Baghirova
- Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Patamdartskoe shosse 40, AZ1004 Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Kh M Kasumov
- Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Patamdartskoe shosse 40, AZ1004 Baku, Azerbaijan
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4
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Castillo-Castañeda A, Herrera G, Ayala MS, Fuya P, Ramírez JD. Spatial and Temporal Variability of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Colombia, 2007 to 2018. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 105:144-155. [PMID: 34232908 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease associated with poverty and is endemic in 56 countries worldwide. Brazil, Venezuela, and Colombia are the most affected countries in South America. In Colombia, the National Public Health Surveillance System (SIVIGILA) consolidates epidemiological information and monitors all VL cases nationwide. However, to date, no studies have investigated the occurrence of VL in Colombia using metadata analysis. We studied the demographic data, the spatial and temporal distribution of VL cases, and the association with vector distribution of Leishmania species in Colombia from 2007 to 2018. We found 306 VL cases reported to SIVIGILA for this period, with a coverage of 25.5 cases/year, and a mortality of 2.28% (seven deaths). The highest number of confirmed cases (N = 52) occurred in 2007; the lowest (N = 9) occurred in 2012. The cases were reported mainly in children (< 7 years) affiliated with the subsidized health regimen. Regarding the geographic distribution, the cases were reported by 42 municipalities distributed in 10 departments. The occurrence of VL cases toward the northeast of Colombia, and the distribution of vectors, such as Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lu. evansi, may be changing the panorama of VL in the country. We conclude that VL, mainly in recent years, shows a temporal and spatial variability associated with the occurrence of cases in new settings. Our findings increase our understanding and knowledge of this disease, and suggest the need to monitor and prioritize areas with changes in geographic expansion to improve prevention and control actions in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Castillo-Castañeda
- 1Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Giovanny Herrera
- 1Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Martha S Ayala
- 2Grupo de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Patricia Fuya
- 3Grupo de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- 1Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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5
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Baghirova AA, Kasumov KM. [Antifungal macrocycle antibiotic amphotericin B - its present and future. Multidisciplinary perspective for the use in the medical practice]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2021; 67:311-322. [PMID: 34414889 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20216704311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review is devoted to a broad analysis of the results of studies of the effect of macrocyclic antifungal polyene antibiotic amphotericin B on cell membranes. A multi-prolonged study of polyenes showed that some of them can have not only antifungal, but also antiviral and antitumor action. Fungal pathology develops especially quickly and in this case leads to invasive aspergillosis, which contributes to the complication of coronavirus infection in the lungs and even secondary infection with invasive aspergillosis in the context of a global pandemic. The treatment of an invasive form of bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is directly related to the immunomodulatory and immunostimulating properties of the macrocyclic polyene drug amphotericin B. The article presents experimental data on the study of the biological activity and membrane properties of amphotericin B and the effect of its chemically modified derivatives, as well as liposomal forms of amphotericin B on viral, bacterial and fungal infections. The mechanism of action of amphotericin B and its analogues is based on their interaction with cellular and lipid membranes, by forming ion channels of molecular size in them. The importance of these studies is that polyenes are sensitive to membranes that contain sterols of a certain structure. The analysis showed that pathogenic fungal cells containing ergosterol were 10-100 times more sensitive to polyene antibiotics than host cell membranes containing cholesterol. The high sterol selectivity of the action of polyenes opens up broad prospects for the use of polyene antifungal drugs in practical medicine and pharmacology in the treatment of invasive mycoses and the prevention of atherosclerosis. In this connection, it should be noted that polyene antibiotics are the main tool in the study of the biochemical mechanism of changes in the permeability of cell membranes for energy-dependent substrates. Chemical and genetic engineering transformation of the structure of polyene antibiotic molecules opens up prospects for the identification and creation of new biologically active forms of the antibiotic that have a high selectivity of action in the treatment of pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Baghirova
- Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Kh M Kasumov
- Institute of Botany, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
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6
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Proteomic analysis revealed ROS-mediated growth inhibition of Aspergillus terreus by shikonin. J Proteomics 2020; 224:103849. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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7
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Leishmaniasis immunopathology-impact on design and use of vaccines, diagnostics and drugs. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:247-264. [PMID: 32152715 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a disease complex caused by 20 species of protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania. In humans, it has two main clinical forms, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and cutaneous or tegumentary leishmaniasis (CL), as well as several other cutaneous manifestations in a minority of cases. In the mammalian host Leishmania parasites infect different populations of macrophages where they multiply and survive in the phagolysosomal compartment. The progression of both VL and CL depends on the maintenance of a parasite-specific immunosuppressive state based around this host macrophage infection. The complexity and variation of immune responses and immunopathology in humans and the different host interactions of the different Leishmania species has an impact upon the effectiveness of vaccines, diagnostics and drugs.
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8
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Kong Y, Wang Q, Cao F, Zhang X, Fang Z, Shi P, Wang H, Shen Y, Huang Z. BSC2 enhances cell resistance to AmB by inhibiting oxidative damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:231-243. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1751151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Kong
- Key Lab of Science & Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Key Lab of Science & Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangqi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Lab of Science & Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijia Fang
- Key Lab of Science & Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Handong Wang
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Yuhu Shen
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- Key Lab of Science & Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Topical Amphotericin B Semisolid Dosage Form for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Physicochemical Characterization, Ex Vivo Skin Permeation and Biological Activity. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020149. [PMID: 32059430 PMCID: PMC7076632 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) is a potent antifungal successfully used intravenously to treat visceral leishmaniasis but depending on the Leishmania infecting species, it is not always recommended against cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). To address the need for alternative topical treatments of CL, the aim of this study was to elaborate and characterize an AmB gel. The physicochemical properties, stability, rheology and in vivo tolerance were assayed. Release and permeation studies were performed on nylon membranes and human skin, respectively. Toxicity was evaluated in macrophage and keratinocyte cell lines, and the activity against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania infantum was studied. The AmB gel remained stable for a period of two months, with optimal properties for topical use and no apparent toxic effect on the cell lines. High amounts of AmB were found in damaged and non-damaged skin (1230.10 ± 331.52 and 2484.57 ± 439.12 µg/g/cm2, respectively) and they were above the IC50 of AmB for amastigotes. Although there were no differences in the in vitro anti-leishmanial activity between the AmB solution and gel, the formulation resulted in a higher amount of AmB being retained in the skin, and is therefore a candidate for further studies of in vivo efficacy.
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10
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Yamamoto T, Umegawa Y, Tsuchikawa H, Hanashima S, Matsumori N, Funahashi K, Seo S, Shinoda W, Murata M. The Amphotericin B-Ergosterol Complex Spans a Lipid Bilayer as a Single-Length Assembly. Biochemistry 2019; 58:5188-5196. [PMID: 31793296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) is a polyene macrolide antibiotic clinically used as an antifungal drug. Its preferential complexation with ergosterol (Erg), the major sterol of fungal membranes, leads to the formation of a barrel-stave-like ion channel across a lipid bilayer. To gain a better understanding of the mechanism of action, the mode of lipid bilayer spanning provides essential information. However, because of the lack of methodologies to observe it directly, it has not been revealed for the Erg-containing channel assembly for many years. In this study, we disclosed that the AmB-Erg complex spans a lipid bilayer with a single-molecule length, using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. Paramagnetic relaxation enhancement by Mn2+ residing near the surface of lipid bilayers induced the depth-dependent decay of 13C NMR signals for individual carbon atoms of AmB. We found that both terminal segments, the 41-COOH group and C38-C40 methyl groups, come close to the lipid bilayer surfaces, suggesting that the AmB-Erg complex spans a palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) bilayer with a single-molecule length. Molecular dynamics simulation experiments further confirmed the stabilization of the AmB-Erg complex as a single-length spanning complex. These results provide experimental evidence of the single-length complex incorporated in the membrane by making thinner a POPC-Erg bilayer that mimics fungal membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan.,Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan
| | - Yuichi Umegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan.,Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuchikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan
| | - Shinya Hanashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kyushu University , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Kosuke Funahashi
- Department of Materials Chemistry , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
| | - Sangjae Seo
- Department of Materials Chemistry , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
| | - Wataru Shinoda
- Department of Materials Chemistry , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603 , Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Osaka University , 1-1 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan
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Forrester S, Siefert K, Ashwin H, Brown N, Zelmar A, James S, Lagos D, Timmis J, Chatterjee M, Mottram JC, Croft SL, Kaye PM. Tissue-specific transcriptomic changes associated with AmBisome® treatment of BALB/c mice with experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:198. [PMID: 31976381 PMCID: PMC6961418 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15606.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome®) as a treatment modality for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has had significant impact on patient care in some but not all regions where VL is endemic. As the mode of action of AmBisome® in vivo is poorly understood, we compared the tissue-specific transcriptome in drug-treated vs untreated mice with experimental VL. Methods: BALB/c mice infected with L. donovani were treated with 8mg/kg AmBisome®, resulting in parasite elimination from liver and spleen over a 7-day period. At day 1 and day 7 post treatment (R x+1 and R x+7), transcriptomic profiling was performed on spleen and liver tissue from treated and untreated mice and uninfected mice. BALB/c mice infected with M. bovis BCG (an organism resistant to amphotericin B) were analysed to distinguish between direct effects of AmBisome® and those secondary to parasite death. Results: AmBisome® treatment lead to rapid parasitological clearance. At R x+1, spleen and liver displayed only 46 and 88 differentially expressed (DE) genes (P<0.05; 2-fold change) respectively. In liver, significant enrichment was seen for pathways associated with TNF, fatty acids and sterol biosynthesis. At R x+7, the number of DE genes was increased (spleen, 113; liver 400). In spleen, these included many immune related genes known to be involved in anti-leishmanial immunity. In liver, changes in transcriptome were largely accounted for by loss of granulomas. PCA analysis indicated that treatment only partially restored homeostasis. Analysis of BCG-infected mice treated with AmBisome® revealed a pattern of immune modulation mainly targeting macrophage function. Conclusions: Our data indicate that the tissue response to AmBisome® treatment varies between target organs and that full restoration of homeostasis is not achieved at parasitological cure. The pathways required to restore homeostasis deserve fuller attention, to understand mechanisms associated with treatment failure and relapse and to promote more rapid restoration of immune competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Forrester
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Karin Siefert
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Helen Ashwin
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Najmeeyah Brown
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Andrea Zelmar
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Sally James
- Biosciences Technology Facility, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Dimitris Lagos
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jon Timmis
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, UK, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Mitali Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, 700 020, India
| | - Jeremy C. Mottram
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Simon L. Croft
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Paul M. Kaye
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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12
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Staderini M, Piquero M, Abengózar MÁ, Nachér-Vázquez M, Romanelli G, López-Alvarado P, Rivas L, Bolognesi ML, Menéndez JC. Structure-activity relationships and mechanistic studies of novel mitochondria-targeted, leishmanicidal derivatives of the 4-aminostyrylquinoline scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:38-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Cohen BE. Membrane Thickness as a Key Factor Contributing to the Activation of Osmosensors and Essential Ras Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:76. [PMID: 30087894 PMCID: PMC6066546 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell membrane provides a functional link between the external environment and the replicating DNA genome by using ligand-gated receptors and chemical signals to activate signaling transduction pathways. However, increasing evidence has also indicated that the phospholipid bilayer itself by altering various physical parameters serves as a sensor that regulate membrane proteins in a specific manner. Changes in thickness and/or curvature of the membrane have been shown to be induced by mechanical forces and transmitted through the transmembrane helices of several types of mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels underlying functions such as osmoregulation in bacteria and sensory processing in mammalian cells. This review focus on recent protein functional and structural data indicating that the activation of bacterial and yeast osmosensors is consistent with thickness-induced tilting changes of the transmembrane domains of these proteins. Membrane thinning in combination with curvature changes may also lead to the lateral transfer of the small lipid-anchored GTPases Ras1 and H-Ras out of lipid rafts for clustering and signaling. The modulation of signaling pathways by amphiphilic peptides and the membrane-active antibiotics colistin and Amphotericin B is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Eleazar Cohen
- Division of External Activities, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Does the use of antifungal agents in agriculture and food foster polyene resistance development? A reason for concern. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 13:40-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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15
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Wijnant GJ, Van Bocxlaer K, Yardley V, Harris A, Alavijeh M, Silva-Pedrosa R, Antunes S, Mauricio I, Murdan S, Croft SL. Comparative efficacy, toxicity and biodistribution of the liposomal amphotericin B formulations Fungisome ® and AmBisome ® in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2018; 8:223-228. [PMID: 29673889 PMCID: PMC6039306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Fungisome® (F), a liposomal amphotericin B (AmB) product, is marketed in India as a safe and effective therapeutic for the parasitic infection visceral leishmaniasis. Its potential in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), a disfiguring form of the disease affecting the skin, is currently unknown. Here, we report the evaluation of the efficacy of F in the Leishmania major BALB/c murine model of CL, including a head-to-head comparison with the standard liposomal AmB formulation AmBisome® (A). Upon intravenous administration at dose levels of 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg of body weight (on days 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8), F showed clear signs of toxicity (at 15 mg/kg), while A did not. After complete treatment (day 10), the tolerated doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg F had significant antileishmanial activity (ED50 = 4.0 and 12.8 mg/kg for qPCR-based parasite load and lesion size, respectively), although less than that of A at identical doses (ED50 = 3.0 and 8.8 mg/kg). The efficacy of F was inferior compared to A because lower levels of the active agent AmB accumulated within the infected lesion. In conclusion, despite possibly being less safe and efficacious than A at equivalent doses, the moderate in vivo activity of F could indicate a role in the systemic pharmacotherapy of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert-Jan Wijnant
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katrien Van Bocxlaer
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Yardley
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Harris
- Pharmidex Pharmaceutical Services Ltd, 3rd floor, 14 Hanover Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mo Alavijeh
- Pharmidex Pharmaceutical Services Ltd, 3rd floor, 14 Hanover Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Silva-Pedrosa
- Unidade de Parasitologia e Microbiologia Médicas, UEI Parasitologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra Antunes
- Unidade de Parasitologia e Microbiologia Médicas, UEI Parasitologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Lisbon, Portugal; Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Mauricio
- Unidade de Parasitologia e Microbiologia Médicas, UEI Parasitologia Médica, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Lisbon, Portugal; Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sudaxshina Murdan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon L Croft
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
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Efimova SS, Chulkov EG, Ostroumova OS. Lipid-mediated mode of action of local anesthetics on lipid pores induced by polyenes, peptides and lipopeptides. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018. [PMID: 29525621 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of local anesthetics (LAs), namely, lidocaine (LDC), prilocaine (PLC), mepivacaine (MPV), bupivacaine (BPV), procaine (PC), and tetracaine (TTC), on the steady-state transmembrane conductance induced by the cis-side addition of the antifungal polyene macrolide antibiotic, nystatin (NYS), in planar lipid bilayers were studied. The addition of TTC to model membranes comprising DOPC and cholesterol (33 mol%) led to a nearly twenty-fold increase in the steady-state NYS-induced membrane conductance. BPV slightly enhanced the channel-forming activity of polyene. LDC, PLC, MPV, and PC did not affect the NYS-induced transmembrane current. We concluded that the effects of LAs on the channel-forming activity of NYS were in agreement with their effects on the elastic properties of model membranes. The ability of aminoamide LAs to promote calcein leakage from large unilamellar DOPC-vesicles was decreased in the following order: BPV >> LDC ≈ PLC ≈ MPV. LDC, PLC, and MPV produced a graded leakage of fluorescent marker from liposomes, up to 10-13%. A initial sharp jump in fluorescence after the introduction of BPV was attributed to the solubilization of liposomes and the formation of mixed DOPC:BPV-micelles. Differential scanning microcalorimetry (DSC) of large unilamellar DPPC-vesicles showed that the main transition temperature (Tm) is continuously decreased upon increasing concentrations of TTC. A sharp drop in the enthalpy of the transition at higher TTC concentrations indicated a formation of anesthetic/lipid mixed micelles. In contrast to TTC, PC slightly decreased Tm, broadened the DSC signal and did not provoke vesicle-to-micelle transition. Both the calcein leakage and DSC data together with the results of measurements of threshold voltages that are required to cause the lipid bilayer breakdown might indicate an alteration in the curvature lipid packing stress, induced by BPV and TTC. The data presented here lend support to a lipid-mediated mode of LAs action on NYS pores via an alteration in curvature stress near the trans-mouth. Similar results were obtained for several lipid pores, formed by polyene amphotericin B, lipopeptide syringomycin E, and the peptides magainin and melittin. This finding further developed the concept of non-specific regulation of lipid pores by LAs. In conclusion, the combination of nystatin with LAs could be a novel treatment for efficient therapy of superficial and mucosal candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana S Efimova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia.
| | - Evgeny G Chulkov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Olga S Ostroumova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
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17
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Ghorbani M, Farhoudi R. Leishmaniasis in humans: drug or vaccine therapy? DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 12:25-40. [PMID: 29317800 PMCID: PMC5743117 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s146521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania is an obligate intracellular pathogen that invades phagocytic host cells. Approximately 30 different species of Phlebotomine sand flies can transmit this parasite either anthroponotically or zoonotically through their bites. Leishmaniasis affects poor people living around the Mediterranean Basin, East Africa, the Americas, and Southeast Asia. Affected regions are often remote and unstable, with limited resources for treating this disease. Leishmaniasis has been reported as one of the most dangerous neglected tropical diseases, second only to malaria in parasitic causes of death. People can carry some species of Leishmania for long periods without becoming ill, and symptoms depend on the form of the disease. There are many drugs and candidate vaccines available to treat leishmaniasis. For instance, antiparasitic drugs, such as amphotericin B (AmBisome), are a treatment of choice for leishmaniasis depending on the type of the disease. Despite the availability of different treatment approaches to treat leishmaniasis, therapeutic tools are not adequate to eradicate this infection. In the meantime, drug therapy has been limited because of adverse side effects and unsuccessful vaccine preparation. However, it can immediately make infections inactive. According to other studies, vaccination cannot eradicate leishmaniasis. There is no perfect vaccine or suitable drug to eradicate leishmaniasis completely. So far, no vaccine or drug has been provided to induce long-term protection and ensure effective immunity against leishmaniasis. Therefore, it is necessary that intensive research should be performed in drug and vaccine fields to achieve certain results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Ghorbani
- Department of Viral Vaccine Production, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Research and Production Complex, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ramin Farhoudi
- Department of Viral Vaccine Production, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Research and Production Complex, Karaj, Iran
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18
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Pentland DR, Piper-Brown E, Mühlschlegel FA, Gourlay CW. Ras signalling in pathogenic yeasts. MICROBIAL CELL 2017; 5:63-73. [PMID: 29417055 PMCID: PMC5798406 DOI: 10.15698/mic2018.02.612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The small GTPase Ras acts as a master regulator of growth, stress response and cell death in eukaryotic cells. The control of Ras activity is fundamental, as highlighted by the oncogenic properties of constitutive forms of Ras proteins. Ras also plays a crucial role in the pathogenicity of fungal pathogens where it has been found to regulate a number of adaptions required for virulence. The importance of Ras in fungal disease raises the possibility that it may provide a useful target for the development of new treatments at a time when resistance to available antifungals is increasing. New findings suggest that important regulatory sequences found within fungal Ras proteins that are not conserved may prove useful in the development of new antifungals. Here we review the roles of Ras protein function and signalling in the major human yeast pathogens Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans and discuss the potential for targeting Ras as a novel approach to anti-fungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Pentland
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom, CT2 7NJ
| | - Elliot Piper-Brown
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom, CT2 7NJ
| | - Fritz A Mühlschlegel
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom, CT2 7NJ.,Laboratoire national de santé, 1, Rue Louis Rech, L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Campbell W Gourlay
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom, CT2 7NJ
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Efimova SS, Tevyashova AN, Olsufyeva EN, Bykov EE, Ostroumova OS. Pore-forming activity of new conjugate antibiotics based on amphotericin B. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188573. [PMID: 29186162 PMCID: PMC5706719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of amides of the antifungal antibiotic amphotericin B (AmB) and its conjugates with benzoxaboroles was tested to determine whether they form pores in lipid bilayers and to compare their channel characteristics. The tested derivatives produced pores of larger amplitude and shorter lifetime than those of the parent antibiotic. The pore conductance was related to changes in the partial charge of the hydrogens of the hydroxyl groups in the lactone ring that determined the anion coordination in the channel. Neutralization of one of the polar group charges in the AmB head during chemical modification produced a pronounced effect by diminishing the dwell time of the polyene channel compared to modification of both groups. In this study, compounds that had a modification of one carboxyl or amino group were less effective in initializing phase separation in POPC-membranes compared to derivatives that had modifications of both polar groups as well as the parent antibiotic. The effects were attributed to the restriction of the aggregation process by electrical repulsion between charged derivatives in contrast to neutral compounds. The significant correlation between the ability of derivatives to increase the permeability of model membranes—causing the appearance of single channels in lipid bilayers or inducing calcein leakage from unilamellar vesicles—and the minimal inhibitory concentration indicated that the antifungal effect of the conjugates was due to pore formation in the membranes of target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana S. Efimova
- Group of Ion Channel Modeling, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna N. Tevyashova
- Laboratory of Chemical Transformation of Antibiotics, Gause Institute of New Antibiotics of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenia N. Olsufyeva
- Laboratory of Chemical Transformation of Antibiotics, Gause Institute of New Antibiotics of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny E. Bykov
- Laboratory of Chemical Transformation of Antibiotics, Gause Institute of New Antibiotics of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga S. Ostroumova
- Group of Ion Channel Modeling, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Increasing the Fungicidal Action of Amphotericin B by Inhibiting the Nitric Oxide-Dependent Tolerance Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:4064628. [PMID: 29129987 PMCID: PMC5654257 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4064628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AmB) induces oxidative and nitrosative stresses, characterized by production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, in fungi. Yet, how these toxic species contribute to AmB-induced fungal cell death is unclear. We investigated the role of superoxide and nitric oxide radicals in AmB's fungicidal activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, using a digital microfluidic platform, which enabled monitoring individual cells at a spatiotemporal resolution, and plating assays. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME was used to interfere with nitric oxide radical production. L-NAME increased and accelerated AmB-induced accumulation of superoxide radicals, membrane permeabilization, and loss of proliferative capacity in S. cerevisiae. In contrast, the nitric oxide donor S-nitrosoglutathione inhibited AmB's action. Hence, superoxide radicals were important for AmB's fungicidal action, whereas nitric oxide radicals mediated tolerance towards AmB. Finally, also the human pathogens Candida albicans and Candida glabrata were more susceptible to AmB in the presence of L-NAME, pointing to the potential of AmB-L-NAME combination therapy to treat fungal infections.
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21
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Park SC, Kim YM, Lee JK, Kim NH, Kim EJ, Heo H, Lee MY, Lee JR, Jang MK. Targeting and synergistic action of an antifungal peptide in an antibiotic drug-delivery system. J Control Release 2017; 256:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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de Araújo Neto LN, do Carmo Alves de Lima M, de Oliveira JF, de Souza ER, Buonafina MDS, Vitor Anjos MN, Brayner FA, Alves LC, Neves RP, Mendonça-Junior FJB. Synthesis, cytotoxicity and antifungal activity of 5-nitro-thiophene-thiosemicarbazones derivatives. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 272:172-181. [PMID: 28479098 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, twelve N-substituted 2-(5-nitro-thiophene)-thiosemicarbazones derivatives (L1-12) were synthesized, characterized and their in vitro cytotoxic and antifungal activities were evaluated against Candida sp. and Cryptococcus neoformans. The probable mechanisms of action have been investigated by sorbitol and ergosterol assays. Additionally, ultrastructural study by Scanning Electron Microscopy was performed with the L10 compound. All compounds were obtained in good yield and their chemical structures were characterized on basis of their physico-chemical and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - NMR, Spectrophotometric Absorption in the Infrared - IR and High-resolution Mass Spectrometry - HRMS data. The results showed that all strains were more sensitive to the compound L10 except Candida tropicalis URM 6551. On the other hand, the cytotoxicity assay by incorporation of tritiated thymidine showed moderate cytotoxic activity on L8 of the 50 μg/mLat which had the best MIC-cytotoxicity relationship. Concerning the study of the possible mechanism of action, the compounds were not able to bind to ergosterol in the membrane, do not act by inhibiting the synthesis of fungal cell wall (sorbitol assay). However, the Scanning Electron Microscopy - SEM analysis shows significant morphological changes in shape, size, number of cells and hyphae, and cell wall indicating a possible mechanism of action by inhibition of enzymes related to the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. Our results demonstrate that N-substituted 2-(5-nitro-thiophene)-thiosemicarbazones derivatives are potential antifungal agents with activity associated with inhibition of enzymes related to biosynthesis of ergosterol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Edson Rubhens de Souza
- Chemistry Laboratory and Therapeutic Innovation, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fábio André Brayner
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center (FIOCRUZ) and Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-465, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Alves
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), University of Pernambuco, 50100-130, Brazil
| | - Rejane Pereira Neves
- Medical Mycology Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
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Tournu H, Carroll J, Latimer B, Dragoi AM, Dykes S, Cardelli J, Peters TL, Eberle KE, Palmer GE. Identification of small molecules that disrupt vacuolar function in the pathogen Candida albicans. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171145. [PMID: 28151949 PMCID: PMC5289544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungal vacuole is a large acidified organelle that performs a variety of cellular functions. At least a sub-set of these functions are crucial for pathogenic species of fungi, such as Candida albicans, to survive within and invade mammalian tissue as mutants with severe defects in vacuolar biogenesis are avirulent. We therefore sought to identify chemical probes that disrupt the normal function and/or integrity of the fungal vacuole to provide tools for the functional analysis of this organelle as well as potential experimental therapeutics. A convenient indicator of vacuolar integrity based upon the intracellular accumulation of an endogenously produced pigment was adapted to identify Vacuole Disrupting chemical Agents (VDAs). Several chemical libraries were screened and a set of 29 compounds demonstrated to reproducibly cause loss of pigmentation, including 9 azole antifungals, a statin and 3 NSAIDs. Quantitative analysis of vacuolar morphology revealed that (excluding the azoles) a sub-set of 14 VDAs significantly alter vacuolar number, size and/or shape. Many C. albicans mutants with impaired vacuolar function are deficient in the formation of hyphal elements, a process essential for its pathogenicity. Accordingly, all 14 VDAs negatively impact C. albicans hyphal morphogenesis. Fungal selectivity was observed for approximately half of the VDA compounds identified, since they did not alter the morphology of the equivalent mammalian organelle, the lysosome. Collectively, these compounds comprise of a new collection of chemical probes that directly or indirectly perturb normal vacuolar function in C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Tournu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Carroll
- Department of Medicine, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Brian Latimer
- Department of Medicine, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Ana-Maria Dragoi
- Department of Medicine, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Samantha Dykes
- Department of Medicine, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - James Cardelli
- Department of Medicine, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Tracy L. Peters
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Karen E. Eberle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Glen E. Palmer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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