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Kolar QK, Goncalves JL, Erskine RJ, Ruegg PL. Comparison of Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Selected Antimicrobials for Non-Aureus Staphylococci, Enterococci, Lactococci, and Streptococci Isolated from Milk Samples of Cows with Clinical Mastitis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:91. [PMID: 38247650 PMCID: PMC10812473 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the minimum inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobials included in a commercial broth microdilution panel among Gram-positive pathogens that caused non-severe clinical mastitis on three Michigan dairy farms. Duplicate quarter milk samples were collected from eligible quarters of cows enrolled in a randomized clinical trial, cultured in a university laboratory, and identified using MALDI-TOF. Etiologies were grouped by genus as Enterococcus species (n = 11), Lactococcus species (n = 44), non-aureus Staphylococcus species (n = 39), or Streptococcus species (n = 25). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using the mastitis panel of a commercially available broth microdilution test. In vitro susceptibility was determined using approved guidelines and included breakpoints for mastitis pathogens, or when not available, breakpoints from other species. Most isolates were inhibited at or below breakpoints that demonstrated in vitro susceptibility. The proportions of susceptible isolates varied among pathogens for pirlimycin, penicillin, and tetracycline. The greatest proportion of resistance was observed for pirlimycin, tetracycline, and sulfadimethoxine. Survival analysis was performed to evaluate differences in MICs among pathogen groups. MIC values varied among pathogens for ceftiofur, cephalothin, erythromycin, penicillin, pirlimycin, and tetracycline. However, nearly all isolates were susceptible to ceftiofur and cephalothin, indicating that pathogen differences in MIC are not likely clinically relevant, as these are the two most commonly administered mastitis treatments in the United States. While differences in vitro susceptibility were observed for some antimicrobials, susceptibility was high to cephalosporin-based IMM treatments that are most commonly used and did not vary among pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn K. Kolar
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Juliano L. Goncalves
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (J.L.G.); (R.J.E.)
| | - Ronald J. Erskine
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (J.L.G.); (R.J.E.)
| | - Pamela L. Ruegg
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (J.L.G.); (R.J.E.)
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Chen XW, Wu JH, Liu YL, Munang’andu HM, Peng B. Fructose promotes ampicillin killing of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus agalactiae. Virulence 2023; 14:2180938. [PMID: 36803528 PMCID: PMC9980678 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2180938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) is an important pathogenic bacteria that infected both aquatic animals and human beings, causing huge economic loss. The increasing cases of antibiotic-resistant GBS impose challenges to treat such infection by antibiotics. Thus, it is highly demanded for the approach to tackle antibiotic resistance in GBS. In this study, we adopt a metabolomic approach to identify the metabolic signature of ampicillin-resistant GBS (AR-GBS) that ampicillin is the routine choice to treat infection by GBS. We find glycolysis is significantly repressed in AR-GBS, and fructose is the crucial biomarker. Exogenous fructose not only reverses ampicillin resistance in AR-GBS but also in clinic isolates including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and NDM-1 expressing Escherichia coli. The synergistic effect is confirmed in a zebrafish infection model. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the potentiation by fructose is dependent on glycolysis that enhances ampicillin uptake and the expression of penicillin-binding proteins, the ampicillin target. Our study demonstrates a novel approach to combat antibiotic resistance in GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jia-Han Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Bo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China,CONTACT Bo Peng
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Zouharova M, Nedbalcova K, Matiaskova K, Slama P, Matiasovic J. Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Resistance Genes in Streptococcus uberis Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in the Czech Republic. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1527. [PMID: 37887228 PMCID: PMC10604623 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis is one of the most important causative agents of mastitis and is a common reason for the use of antimicrobials in dairy cows. In this study, we assessed the antimicrobial susceptibility of 667 S. uberis isolates originating from 216 Czech dairy farms collected between 2019 and 2023 using the broth microdilution method. We tested 140 of the isolates for the presence of antimicrobial genes using whole-genome sequencing and evaluated their relationship with phenotypic resistance. Streptococcus uberis isolates showed high levels of resistance to tetracycline (59%), followed by streptomycin (38%) and clindamycin (29%). Although all of the isolates were susceptible to beta-lactams, a relatively high percentage of intermediately susceptible isolates was recorded for ampicillin (44%) and penicillin (18%). The isolates were mainly resistant to tetracycline alone (31.3%); the second most frequent occurrence of the phenotypic profile was simultaneous resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, and clindamycin (16.6%). The occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes did not always match the phenotypic results; in total, 36.8% of isolates that possessed the ant(6)-Ia gene did not show phenotypic resistance to streptomycin. To a lesser extent, silent genes were also detected in clindamycin and tetracycline. This study confirmed the high susceptibility of S. uberis to penicillins used as first-line antimicrobials for S. uberis mastitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zouharova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.N.); (K.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Katerina Nedbalcova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.N.); (K.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Katarina Matiaskova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.N.); (K.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Petr Slama
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Matiasovic
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.N.); (K.M.); (J.M.)
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McDougall S, Clausen LM, Hussein HM, Compton CWR. Therapy of Subclinical Mastitis during Lactation. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020209. [PMID: 35203812 PMCID: PMC8868077 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that increasing the duration and/or frequency of antimicrobial treatment of subclinical mastitis would result in a higher bacteriological cure rate. Glands with a positive California mastitis test (CMT) from cows with an elevated somatic cell count (>500,000 cells/mL) that had an intramammary infection were randomly assigned at cow level to no treatment (Control; n = 80 glands), intramammary infusion of 200 mg cloxacillin sodium on three occasions at 48 h intervals (3 × 48 h; n = 273 glands), five occasions at 24 h intervals (5 × 24 h; n = 279 glands), or on five occasions at 48 h intervals (5 × 48 h; n = 72 glands). Glands were resampled at 21 (±3) and 28 (±3) days after initiation of treatment. The gland-level cure rate for any pathogen was 5/80 (6.2%), 139/173 (49.8%), 172/297 (61.6%) and 58/72 (80.6%) for Control, 3 × 48 h, 5 × 24 h and 5 × 48 h, respectively. The cure rate for major pathogens (defined as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus spp.) was 4/52 (7.7%), 84/197 (42.6%), 96/183 (52.5%) and 36/48 (75%) for Control, 3 × 48 h, 5 × 24 h and 5 × 48 h, respectively. We conclude that treatment was superior to no treatment, and bacteriological cure rate was higher with the 5 × 24 h protocol than for the 3 × 48 h protocol and was higher with the 5 × 48 h than the 5 × 24 h protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott McDougall
- Cognosco, Anexa Veterinary Services, Morrinsville 3340, New Zealand; (L.M.C.); (H.M.H.)
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-021-800-341
| | - Laura M. Clausen
- Cognosco, Anexa Veterinary Services, Morrinsville 3340, New Zealand; (L.M.C.); (H.M.H.)
| | - Hassan M. Hussein
- Cognosco, Anexa Veterinary Services, Morrinsville 3340, New Zealand; (L.M.C.); (H.M.H.)
| | - Chris W. R. Compton
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
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Hadjirin NF, Miller EL, Murray GGR, Yen PLK, Phuc HD, Wileman TM, Hernandez-Garcia J, Williamson SM, Parkhill J, Maskell DJ, Zhou R, Fittipaldi N, Gottschalk M, Tucker AW(D, Hoa NT, Welch JJ, Weinert LA. Large-scale genomic analysis of antimicrobial resistance in the zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis. BMC Biol 2021; 19:191. [PMID: 34493269 PMCID: PMC8422772 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the gravest threats to human health and food security worldwide. The use of antimicrobials in livestock production can lead to emergence of AMR, which can have direct effects on humans through spread of zoonotic disease. Pigs pose a particular risk as they are a source of zoonotic diseases and receive more antimicrobials than most other livestock. Here we use a large-scale genomic approach to characterise AMR in Streptococcus suis, a commensal found in most pigs, but which can also cause serious disease in both pigs and humans. RESULTS We obtained replicated measures of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for 16 antibiotics, across a panel of 678 isolates, from the major pig-producing regions of the world. For several drugs, there was no natural separation into 'resistant' and 'susceptible', highlighting the need to treat MIC as a quantitative trait. We found differences in MICs between countries, consistent with their patterns of antimicrobial usage. AMR levels were high even for drugs not used to treat S. suis, with many multidrug-resistant isolates. Similar levels of resistance were found in pigs and humans from regions associated with zoonotic transmission. We next used whole genome sequences for each isolate to identify 43 candidate resistance determinants, 22 of which were novel in S. suis. The presence of these determinants explained most of the variation in MIC. But there were also interesting complications, including epistatic interactions, where known resistance alleles had no effect in some genetic backgrounds. Beta-lactam resistance involved many core genome variants of small effect, appearing in a characteristic order. CONCLUSIONS We present a large dataset allowing the analysis of the multiple contributing factors to AMR in S. suis. The high levels of AMR in S. suis that we observe are reflected by antibiotic usage patterns but our results confirm the potential for genomic data to aid in the fight against AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazreen F. Hadjirin
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eric L. Miller
- grid.256868.70000 0001 2215 7365Microbial Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Haverford College, Haverford, USA
| | - Gemma G. R. Murray
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Phung L. K. Yen
- grid.412433.30000 0004 0429 6814Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ho D. Phuc
- grid.412433.30000 0004 0429 6814Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thomas M. Wileman
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juan Hernandez-Garcia
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susanna M. Williamson
- grid.13689.350000 0004 0426 1697Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), London, UK
| | - Julian Parkhill
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Duncan J. Maskell
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XChancellery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rui Zhou
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - A. W. ( Dan) Tucker
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ngo Thi Hoa
- grid.412433.30000 0004 0429 6814Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - John J. Welch
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lucy A. Weinert
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Duse A, Persson-Waller K, Pedersen K. Microbial Aetiology, Antibiotic Susceptibility and Pathogen-Specific Risk Factors for Udder Pathogens from Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072113. [PMID: 34359241 PMCID: PMC8300163 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mastitis is among the diseases in dairy cows that most often require antibiotic treatment. In order to maintain optimal treatment, it is important to have updated knowledge about the causative agents and their antibiotic resistance patterns. This investigation aimed to reveal the most important bacterial pathogens and their resistance patterns in Sweden, and we also identified some risk factors for infection with certain pathogens. The bacteria that were the most common causes of mastitis were, in descending order, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus uberis. Only a few Gram-positive bacteria were resistant to penicillin, and in general, the occurrence of antibiotic resistance was low. Therefore, the potential for antibiotic treatment of bovine mastitis in Sweden is good. Abstract Mastitis is one of the most important infectious diseases and one of the diseases that causes the greatest use of antibiotics in dairy cows. Therefore, updated information on the bacteria that cause mastitis and their antibiotic susceptibility properties is important. Here, for the first time in over 10 years, we updated the bacterial findings in clinical mastitis in Swedish dairy cows together with their antibiotic resistance patterns and risk factors for each bacterial species. During the period 2013–2018, samples from clinical mastitis were collected, together with information on the cows and herds of origin. The samples were cultured, and a total of 664 recovered bacterial isolates were subjected to susceptibility testing. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was the most common pathogen and accounted for 27.8% of diagnoses, followed by Streptococcus dysgalactiae (S. dysgalactiae) (15.8%), Escherichia coli (E. coli) (15.1%), Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis) (11.4%), Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) (7.7%), non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) (2.8%), Klebsiella spp. (2.7%), Enterococcus spp. (1.3%), and Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) (1.2%). Various other bacteria accounted for 2.6%. Staphylococci were, in general, susceptible to most antibiotics, but 2.6% of S. aureus and 30.4% of NAS were resistant to penicillin. No methicillin-resistant staphylococci were found. All S. agalactiae were susceptible to penicillin. Bimodal and trimodal MIC distributions for penicillin in S. dysgalactiae and S. uberis, respectively, indicate acquired reduced susceptibility in some isolates. The mostly unimodal MIC distributions of T. pyogenes indicate that acquired resistance does usually not occur in this species. Among E. coli, 14.7% were resistant to at least one antibiotic, most often ampicillin (8.7%), streptomycin (7.8%), or sulphamethoxazole (6.9%). Klebsiella spp. had low resistance to tetracycline (9.1%) but is considered intrinsically resistant to ampicillin. Pathogen-specific risk factors were investigated using multivariable models. Staphylococcus aureus, S. dysgalactiae, and T. pyogenes were more common, while E. coli was less common in quarters with more than one pathogen. S. aureus and T. pyogenes were mostly seen in early lactation, while E. coli was more common in peak to mid lactation and S. dysgalactiae in early to peak lactation. Trueperella pyogenes and Klebsiella spp. were associated with a previous case of clinical mastitis in the current lactation. Staphylococcus aureus was associated with tie stalls and T. pyogenes with loose housing. All pathogens except E. coli and S. dysgalactiae had a seasonal distribution. In conclusion, the aetiological agents for clinical bovine mastitis have remained relatively stable over the last 10–15 years, S. aureus, S. dysgalactiae, E. coli and S. uberis being the most important. Resistance to penicillin among Gram-positive agents was low, and in general, antibiotic resistance to other compounds was low among both Gram-positive and Gram-negative agents.
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Abd El-Aziz NK, Ammar AM, El Damaty HM, Abd Elkader RA, Saad HA, El-Kazzaz W, Khalifa E. Environmental Streptococcus uberis Associated with Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows: Virulence Traits, Antimicrobial and Biocide Resistance, and Epidemiological Typing. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1849. [PMID: 34206268 PMCID: PMC8300258 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis remains a serious problem for dairy animals. The misappropriation of antimicrobial agents helps accelerate resistance, which poses a serious challenge in controlling environmental S. uberis infection. Here, we study the virulence attributes, antimicrobial and biocide resistance, and epidemiological typing of S. uberis recovered from bovine clinical mastitis in dairy farms of diverse hygienic interventions in Egypt. The overall S. uberis infection rate was 20.59%; all were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The sua gene was the most frequent virulence gene (42.02%), followed by pauA (40.57%), cfu (21.73%), skc (20.28%), and opp (11.59%). The erm(B) gene served as the predominant antimicrobial-resistant gene (75.36%), followed by fexA (52.63%) and tet(M), blaZ, and aac(6')aph(2″) genes (46.38% each). Of note, 79.71%, 78.26%, and 18.84% of S. uberis isolates harbored qacED1, qacC/D, and qacA/B genes, respectively. All analyzed isolates were S. uberis type I by their unique RFLP-PCR pattern. In conclusion, the sustained presence of pauA and sua genes throughout the investigated farms contributes to a better understanding of the bacterium's pathogenicity. Furthermore, MDR coupled with the existence of biocide resistance genes indicates the importance of S. uberis surveillance and the prudent use of antimicrobials in veterinary clinical medicine to avoid the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhan K Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Ammar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Hend M El Damaty
- Department of Animal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Abd Elkader
- Belbies Veterinary Organization, Ministry of Agriculture, Belbies 44974, Egypt
| | - Hosam A Saad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed El-Kazzaz
- Molecular Microbiology Lab., Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Eman Khalifa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh 51511, Egypt
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Monistero V, Barberio A, Cremonesi P, Castiglioni B, Morandi S, Lassen DCK, Astrup LB, Locatelli C, Piccinini R, Addis MF, Bronzo V, Moroni P. Genotyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiling of Streptococcus uberis Isolated from a Clinical Bovine Mastitis Outbreak in a Dairy Farm. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060644. [PMID: 34071296 PMCID: PMC8229259 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis, an environmental pathogen responsible also for contagious transmission, has been increasingly implicated in clinical mastitis (CM) cases in Europe. We described a 4-month epidemiological investigation of Strep. uberis CM cases in an Italian dairy farm. We determined molecular characteristics and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance of 71 Strep. uberis isolates from dairy cows with CM. Genotypic variability was investigated via multiplex PCR of housekeeping and virulence genes, and by RAPD-PCR typing. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed for 14 antimicrobials by MIC assay. All the isolates carried the 11 genes investigated. At 90% similarity, two distinct clusters, grouping 69 of the 71 isolates, were detected in the dendrogram derived from the primer ERIC1. The predominant cluster I could be separated into two subclusters, containing 38 and 14 isolates, respectively. Strep. uberis strains belonging to the same RAPD pattern differed in their resistance profiles. Most (97.2%) of them were resistant to at least one of the drugs tested, but only 25.4% showed a multidrug resistance phenotype. The highest resistance rate was observed for lincomycin (93%), followed by tetracycline (85.9%). This study confirmed a low prevalence of β-lactam resistance in Strep. uberis, with only one isolate showing resistance to six antimicrobial classes, including cephalosporins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Monistero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (V.M.); (C.L.); (R.P.); (M.F.A.); (V.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Antonio Barberio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Paola Cremonesi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-037-1466-2508
| | - Bianca Castiglioni
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Stefano Morandi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Desiree C. K. Lassen
- Centre for Diagnostics, DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (D.C.K.L.); (L.B.A.)
| | - Lærke B. Astrup
- Centre for Diagnostics, DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (D.C.K.L.); (L.B.A.)
| | - Clara Locatelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (V.M.); (C.L.); (R.P.); (M.F.A.); (V.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Renata Piccinini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (V.M.); (C.L.); (R.P.); (M.F.A.); (V.B.); (P.M.)
| | - M. Filippa Addis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (V.M.); (C.L.); (R.P.); (M.F.A.); (V.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Valerio Bronzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (V.M.); (C.L.); (R.P.); (M.F.A.); (V.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Paolo Moroni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (V.M.); (C.L.); (R.P.); (M.F.A.); (V.B.); (P.M.)
- Quality Milk Production Services, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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Olsen RJ, Zhu L, Musser JM. A Single Amino Acid Replacement in Penicillin-Binding Protein 2X in Streptococcus pyogenes Significantly Increases Fitness on Subtherapeutic Benzylpenicillin Treatment in a Mouse Model of Necrotizing Myositis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1625-1631. [PMID: 32407732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Invasive strains of Streptococcus pyogenes with significantly reduced susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics have been recently described. These reports have caused considerable concern in the international infectious disease, medical microbiology, and public health communities because S. pyogenes has remained universally susceptible to β-lactam antibiotics for 70 years. Virtually all analyzed strains had single amino acid replacements in penicillin-binding protein 2X (PBP2X), a major target of β-lactam antibiotics in pathogenic bacteria. We used isogenic strains to test the hypothesis that a single amino acid replacement in PBP2X conferred a fitness advantage in a mouse model of necrotizing myositis. We determined that when mice were administered intermittent subtherapeutic dosing of benzylpenicillin, the strain with a Pro601Leu amino acid replacement in PBP2X that confers reduced β-lactam susceptibility in vitro was more fit, as assessed by the magnitude of colony-forming units recovered from disease tissue. These data provide important pathogenesis information that bears on this emerging global infectious disease problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall J Olsen
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas; Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Luchang Zhu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - James M Musser
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas; Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
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McDougall S, Clausen L, Ha HJ, Gibson I, Bryan M, Hadjirin N, Lay E, Raisen C, Ba X, Restif O, Parkhill J, Holmes MA. Mechanisms of β-lactam resistance of Streptococcus uberis isolated from bovine mastitis cases. Vet Microbiol 2020; 242:108592. [PMID: 32122596 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A number of veterinary clinical pathology laboratories in New Zealand have been reporting emergence of increased minimum in inhibitory concentrations for β-lactams in the common clinical bovine mastitis pathogen Streptococcus uberis. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic basis of this increase in MIC for β-lactams amongst S. uberis. Illumina sequencing and determination of oxacillin MIC was performed on 265 clinical isolates. Published sequences of the five penicillin binding proteins pbp1a, pbp1b, pbp2a, pbp2b, and pbp2x were used to identify, extract and align these sequences from the study isolates. Amino acid substitutions resulting from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within these genes were analysed for associations with elevated (≥ 0.5 mg/L) oxacillin MIC together with a genome wide association study. The population structure of the study isolates was approximated using a phylogenetic tree generated from an alignment of the core genome. A total of 53 % of isolates had MIC ≥ 0.5 mg/L for oxacillin. A total of 101 substitutions within the five pbp were identified, of which 11 were statistically associated with an MIC ≥ 0.5 mg/L. All 140 isolates which exhibited an increased β-lactam MIC had SNPs leading to pbp2x E381K and Q554E substitutions. The phylogenetic tree indicated that the genotype and phenotype associated with the increased MIC for oxacillin were present in several different lineages suggesting that acquisition of this increased β-lactam MIC had occurred in multiple geographically distinct regions. Reanalysis of the data from the intervention studies from which the isolates were originally drawn found a tendency for the pbp2x E381K substitution to be associated with lower cure rates. It is concluded that there is geographically and genetically widespread presence of pbp substitutions associated with reduced susceptibility to β-lactam antimicrobials. Additionally, presence of pbp substitutions tended to be associated with poorer cure rate outcomes following antimicrobial therapy for clinical mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hye-Jeong Ha
- Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industry, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Isobel Gibson
- New Zealand Veterinary Pathology, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Nazreen Hadjirin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth Lay
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claire Raisen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaoliang Ba
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Olivier Restif
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian Parkhill
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Mark A Holmes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK
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11
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Chacón O, Forno N, Lapierre L, Muñoz R, Fresno M, Martín BS. Effect of Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) associated with beta-lactam antibiotics on the occurrence of resistance in strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus uberis. Eur J Integr Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2019.100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Tomazi T, Freu G, Alves BG, de Souza Filho AF, Heinemann MB, Veiga dos Santos M. Genotyping and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus uberis isolated from bovine clinical mastitis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223719. [PMID: 31639136 PMCID: PMC6805098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A genotypic characterization of Streptococcus uberis isolated from clinical mastitis (CM) in dairy cows, and the association of Strep. uberis genotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility (AMS) was performed. A total of 89 isolates identified as Strep. uberis from 86 dairy cows with CM in 17 dairy herds of Southeastern Brazil were genotyped using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. After genotyping, two clusters (I and II) were created according to RAPD types. A commercial broth microdilution test was used to determine the susceptibility of Strep. uberis isolates to 8 antimicrobials (ampicillin, ceftiofur, cephalothin, erythromycin, penicillin, penicillin+novobiocin, pirlimycin and tetracycline). For each antimicrobial, we determined the minimal inhibitory concentrations that inhibit 50% (MIC50) and 90% (MIC90) of Strep. uberis strains. Differences in AMS among genotypic clusters were evaluated using mixed regression models. Overall, a great polymorphism (56 RAPD-types) was found among Strep. uberis isolates, although a higher genetic similarity (based on the PCR bands features) was observed within herds after genotypic clustering. No differences in AMS were observed among clusters. Strep. uberis isolated from bovine CM were resistant to most antimicrobials, with the exception of cephalothin and penicillin+novobiocin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Tomazi
- Department of Animal Production and Nutrition, Milk Quality Research Laboratory (Qualileite), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Gustavo Freu
- Department of Animal Production and Nutrition, Milk Quality Research Laboratory (Qualileite), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Bruna Gomes Alves
- Department of Animal Production and Nutrition, Milk Quality Research Laboratory (Qualileite), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Antonio Francisco de Souza Filho
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Laboratory of Bacterial Zoonosis, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Laboratory of Bacterial Zoonosis, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Veiga dos Santos
- Department of Animal Production and Nutrition, Milk Quality Research Laboratory (Qualileite), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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13
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Reyes J, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC, Blanchard A, McClure JT, Sánchez J. Molecular variability of Streptococcus uberis isolates from intramammary infections in Canadian dairy farms from the Maritime region. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2019; 83:168-176. [PMID: 31308588 PMCID: PMC6587884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to explore the variability of Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis) isolates by extracting multilocus sequence typing (MLST) data from whole-genome sequencing. The secondary objective was to determine the distribution of the phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the associated AMR genes as well as the virulence gene profiles among sequence types (STs). Sixty-two isolates were recovered from 16 herds in 3 Canadian Maritime Provinces: New Brunswick (14.5%), Nova Scotia (48.3%), and Prince Edward Island (37.1%). Of these, 9, 30, and 23 were recovered from post-calving, lactational samples, and post-mastitis samples, respectively. These 62 S. uberis isolates belonged to 34 STs; 11 isolates were typed to 9 known STs and 51 isolates were classified as one of 25 new STs. Thirteen isolates were part of major clonal complexes (CCs). Post-mastitis isolates contained 10 unique STs, lactational isolates contained 11 unique STs, and post-calving isolates had 3 STs. Each farm had only 1 isolate that was a unique ST except for STs 233, 851, 855, 857, 864, and 866, which were found in multiple cows per herd on more than one farm. ST851 and ST857 were found in each of the 3 sample types, with ST857 found in cows from all 3 Maritime provinces. These results indicate that S. uberis is a diverse non-clonal pathogen with specific STs residing in clonal clusters, carrying multiple AMR genes and virulence, with a diverse phenotypic AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Reyes
- Department of Health Management (Reyes, McClure, Sánchez) and Department of Pathology and Microbiology (Rodriguez-Lecompte), Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3; School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, England (Blanchard)
| | - Juan C Rodriguez-Lecompte
- Department of Health Management (Reyes, McClure, Sánchez) and Department of Pathology and Microbiology (Rodriguez-Lecompte), Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3; School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, England (Blanchard)
| | - Adam Blanchard
- Department of Health Management (Reyes, McClure, Sánchez) and Department of Pathology and Microbiology (Rodriguez-Lecompte), Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3; School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, England (Blanchard)
| | - J T McClure
- Department of Health Management (Reyes, McClure, Sánchez) and Department of Pathology and Microbiology (Rodriguez-Lecompte), Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3; School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, England (Blanchard)
| | - Javier Sánchez
- Department of Health Management (Reyes, McClure, Sánchez) and Department of Pathology and Microbiology (Rodriguez-Lecompte), Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3; School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, England (Blanchard)
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14
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Stone MRL, Masi M, Phetsang W, Pagès JM, Cooper MA, Blaskovich MAT. Fluoroquinolone-derived fluorescent probes for studies of bacterial penetration and efflux. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:901-906. [PMID: 31303987 PMCID: PMC6596217 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00124g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes derived from the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin were synthesised using a Cu(i)-catalysed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) to link a ciprofloxacin azide derivative with alkyne-substituted green and blue fluorophores.
Fluorescent probes derived from the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin were synthesised using a Cu(i)-catalysed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) to link a ciprofloxacin azide derivative with alkyne-substituted green and blue fluorophores. The azide (2) and fluorophore (3 and 4) derivatives retained antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The use of confocal fluorescent microscopy showed intracellular penetration, which was substantially enhanced in the presence of carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone as an efflux pump inhibitor in Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rhia L Stone
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia .
| | - Muriel Masi
- Membranes et Cibles Thérapeutiques , UMR_MD1 , Inserm U1261 , Aix-Marseille Univ & IRBA , Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie , 27 Bd Jean Moulin , 13005 Marseille , France
| | - Wanida Phetsang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia .
| | - Jean-Marie Pagès
- Membranes et Cibles Thérapeutiques , UMR_MD1 , Inserm U1261 , Aix-Marseille Univ & IRBA , Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie , 27 Bd Jean Moulin , 13005 Marseille , France
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia .
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia .
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15
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Abstract
The genus Streptococcus includes Gram-positive organisms shaped in cocci and organized in chains. They are commensals, pathogens, and opportunistic pathogens for humans and animals. Most Streptococcus species of veterinary relevance have a specific ecological niche, such as S. uberis, which is almost exclusively an environmental pathogen causing bovine mastitis. In contrast, S. suis can be considered as a true zoonotic pathogen, causing specific diseases in humans after contact with infected animals or derived food products. Finally, Streptococcus species such as S. agalactiae can be sporadically zoonotic, even though they are pathogens of both humans and animals independently. For clarification, a short taxonomical overview will be given here to highlight the diversity of streptococci that infect animals. Several families of antibiotics are used to treat animals for streptococcal infections. First-line treatments are penicillins (alone or in combination with aminoglycosides), macrolides and lincosamides, fluoroquinolones, and tetracyclines. Because of the selecting role of antibiotics, resistance phenotypes have been reported in streptococci isolated from animals worldwide. Globally, the dynamic of resistance acquisition in streptococci is slower than what is experienced in Enterobacteriaceae, probably due to the much more limited horizontal spread of resistance genes. Nonetheless, transposons or integrative and conjugative elements can disseminate resistance determinants among streptococci. Besides providing key elements on the prevalence of resistance in streptococci from animals, this article will also largely consider the mechanisms and molecular epidemiology of the major types of resistance to antimicrobials encountered in the most important streptococcal species in veterinary medicine.
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16
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Abbeloos E, Pyörälä S, Rajala-Schultz P, Myllys V. Determination of the intramammary dose of benzylpenicillin required to maintain an adequate concentration in the milk to inhibit Gram-positive bacteria in the clinically normal udder for 24 hr. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 41:691-698. [PMID: 29889313 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the intramammary dose of benzylpenicillin required to maintain a concentration in the milk above the MIC for the Gram-positive bacteria that cause mastitis. The product used in this study was a commercially available procaine benzylpenicillin in an oily suspension with micronized particles. Three dose levels were used: 200,000, 300,000, and 600,000 IU. Concentrations of benzylpenicillin in cow milk and plasma were determined after a single intramammary dose was administered into one quarter of each of the five cows in each treatment group. Samples were analyzed using an HPLC-MS/MS method, which was validated during the study. Concentrations in the milk were well above the MIC for the target pathogens for all doses tested. There was a linear dose-dependent increase in the mean AUCs of benzylpenicillin concentrations in plasma and milk. At the first milking, 12 hr after dosing, there was a significant difference between the mean milk benzylpenicillin concentrations in cows treated with a dose of 600,000 IU, and those treated with 200,000 or 300,000 IU. Although this study shows a linear relationship between the dose of procaine benzylpenicillin administered and the concentration in the milk in the healthy udder, it would be useful to conduct studies on cows with mastitis to define the optimum dose and duration of intramammary treatment with benzylpenicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satu Pyörälä
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Saarentaus, Finland
| | - Päivi Rajala-Schultz
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Saarentaus, Finland
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17
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de Jong A, Garch FE, Simjee S, Moyaert H, Rose M, Youala M, Siegwart E. Monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility of udder pathogens recovered from cases of clinical mastitis in dairy cows across Europe: VetPath results. Vet Microbiol 2017; 213:73-81. [PMID: 29292007 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
VetPath is an ongoing pan-European antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring programme collecting pathogens from diseased cattle, pigs and poultry not recently treated with antibiotics. Non-duplicate milk samples were collected from cows with acute clinical mastitis in nine countries and 934 isolates were obtained during 2009-2012 for subsequent antimicrobial susceptibility testing in a central laboratory. CLSI broth microdilution methodology was used, and where available, MICs were interpreted using CLSI approved veterinary-specific (ceftiofur) otherwise human clinical breakpoints. Among Escherichia coli (n=207) and Klebsiella spp., (n=87), resistance was moderate to tetracycline and high to cephapirin (E. coli only) whereas resistance to other β-lactam antibiotics was very low (ceftiofur) to low (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalexin, cephalonium). The MIC90 of enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin was 0.03 and 0.06μg/mL respectively (E. coli) with 0.5% strains displaying higher MICs. Staphylococcus aureus (n=192) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS; n=165) strains were susceptible to most antibiotics tested except to penicillin (25.0 and 29.1% resistance), respectively. Three S. aureus and seven CNS strains were oxacillin-resistant and harboured mecA. Streptococcus uberis strains (n=188) were susceptible to the β-lactam antibiotics although 35.6% were penicillin intermediately susceptible, and 20.2% were resistant to erythromycin, 36.7% to tetracycline. For Streptococcus dysgalactiae (n=95) the latter figures were 13.7 and 56.8%, respectively. For most antibiotics, the percentage resistance among E. coli, S. aureus and S. uberis was comparable to that of the VetPath 2002-2006 survey. This current, expanded VetPath study shows that mastitis pathogens were susceptible to most antibiotics with exceptions of staphylococci tested against penicillin and streptococci against erythromycin or tetracycline. This work highlights the high need to set additional clinical breakpoints for antibiotics frequently used to treat mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anno de Jong
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, 168 Av. de Tervueren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium; Bayer Animal Health GmbH, Leverkusen, Germany.
| | - Farid El Garch
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, 168 Av. de Tervueren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium; Vétoquinol SA, Lure, France
| | - Shabbir Simjee
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, 168 Av. de Tervueren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium; Elanco Animal Health, Basingstoke, UK
| | - Hilde Moyaert
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, 168 Av. de Tervueren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium; Zoetis, Zaventem, Belgium
| | - Markus Rose
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, 168 Av. de Tervueren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium; MSD Animal Health, Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - Myriam Youala
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, 168 Av. de Tervueren, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium; Virbac, Carros, France
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18
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Kaczorek E, Małaczewska J, Wójcik R, Rękawek W, Siwicki AK. Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Streptococcus spp. isolated from cases of clinical mastitis in dairy cattle in Poland. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:6442-6453. [PMID: 28601447 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis of dairy cattle is one of the most frequently diagnosed diseases worldwide. The main etiological agents of mastitis are bacteria of the genus Streptococcus spp., in which several antibiotic resistance mechanisms have been identified. However, detailed studies addressing this problem have not been conducted in northeastern Poland. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze, on phenotypic and genotypic levels, the antibiotic resistance pattern of Streptococcus spp. isolated from clinical cases of mastitis from dairy cattle in this region of Poland. The research was conducted using 135 strains of Streptococcus (Streptococcus uberis, n = 53; Streptococcus dysgalactiae, n = 41; Streptococcus agalactiae, n = 27; other streptococci, n = 14). The investigation of the antimicrobial susceptibility to 8 active substances applied in therapy in the analyzed region, as well as a selected bacteriocin (nisin), was performed using the minimum inhibitory concentration method. The presence of selected resistance genes (n = 14) was determined via PCR. We also investigated the correlation between the presence of resistance genes and the antimicrobial susceptibility of the examined strains in vitro. The highest observed resistance of Streptococcus spp. was toward gentamicin, kanamycin, and tetracycline, whereas the highest susceptibility occurred toward penicillin, enrofloxacin, and marbofloxacin. Additionally, the tested bacteriocin showed high efficacy. The presence of 13 analyzed resistance genes was observed in the examined strains [gene mef(A) was not detected]. In most strains, at least one resistance gene, mainly responsible for resistance to tetracyclines [tet(M), tet(K), tet(L)], was observed. However, a relationship between the presence of a given resistance gene and antimicrobial susceptibility on the phenotypic level was not always observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kaczorek
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - J Małaczewska
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - R Wójcik
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - W Rękawek
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - A K Siwicki
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Baumann A, Kiener MS, Haigh B, Perreten V, Summerfield A. Differential Ability of Bovine Antimicrobial Cathelicidins to Mediate Nucleic Acid Sensing by Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:59. [PMID: 28203238 PMCID: PMC5285380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathelicidins encompass a family of cationic peptides characterized by antimicrobial activity and other functions, such as the ability to enhance the sensing of nucleic acids by the innate immune system. The present study aimed to investigate the ability of the bovine cathelicidins indolicidin, bactenecin (Bac)1, Bac5, bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (BMAP)-27, BMAP-28, and BMAP-34 to inhibit the growth of bacteria and to enhance the sensing of nucleic acid by the host’s immune system. BMAP-27 was the most effective at killing Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, and Escherichia coli, and this was dependent on its amphipathic structure and cationic charge. Although most cathelicidins possessed DNA complexing activity, only the alpha-helical BMAP cathelicidins and the cysteine-rich disulfide-bridged Bac1 were able to enhance the sensing of nucleic acids by primary epithelial cells. We also compared these responses with those mediated by neutrophils. Activation of neutrophils with phorbol myristate acetate resulted in degranulation and release of cathelicidins as well as bactericidal activity in the supernatants. However, only supernatants from unstimulated neutrophils were able to promote nucleic acid sensing in epithelial cells. Collectively, the present data support a role for certain bovine cathelicidins in helping the innate immune system to sense nucleic acids. The latter effect is observed at concentrations clearly below those required for direct antimicrobial functions. These findings are relevant in development of future strategies to promote protection at mucosal surfaces against pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Baumann
- Institute of Virology and Immunology , Bern , Switzerland
| | | | - Brendan Haigh
- AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre , Hamilton , New Zealand
| | - Vincent Perreten
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland; Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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20
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Cameron M, Saab M, Heider L, McClure JT, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC, Sanchez J. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Environmental Streptococci Recovered from Bovine Milk Samples in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Front Vet Sci 2016; 3:79. [PMID: 27695696 PMCID: PMC5023660 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Determination of antimicrobial susceptibility of bovine mastitis pathogens is important for guiding antimicrobial treatment decisions and for the detection of emerging resistance. Environmental streptococci are ubiquitous in the farm environment and are a frequent cause of mastitis in dairy cows. The aim of the study was to determine patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility among species of environmental streptococci isolated from dairy cows in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. The collection consisted of 192 isolates identified in milk samples collected from 177 cows originating from 18 dairy herds. Results were aggregated into: (1) Streptococcus uberis (n = 70), (2) Streptococcus dysgalactiae (n = 28), (3) other Streptococci spp. (n = 35), (4), Lactococcus spp. (n = 32), and (5) Enterococcus spp. (n = 27). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using the Sensititre microdilution system and mastitis plate format. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to analyze the data, with antimicrobial susceptibility as the outcome. The proportion of susceptible S. uberis ranged from 23% (for penicillin) to 99% (for penicillin/novobiocin), with a median of 82%. All S. dysgalactiae were susceptible to all antimicrobials except for penicillin (93% susceptible) and tetracycline (18% susceptible). The range of susceptibility for other Streptococcus spp. was 43% (for tetracycline) to 100%, with a median percent susceptibility of 92%. Lactococcus spp. isolates displayed percent susceptibilities ranging from 0% (for penicillin) to 97% (for erythromycin), median 75%. For the antimicrobials tested, the minimum inhibitory concentrations were higher for Enterococcus spp. than for the other species. According to the multilevel models, there was a significant interaction between antimicrobial and bacterial species, indicating that susceptibility against a particular antimicrobial varied among the species of environmental streptococci and vice versa. Generally, susceptibility decreased with increasing within-herd average somatic cell count, isolates recovered in mid-lactation were more susceptible than isolates recovered in early lactation, and isolates recovered in samples collected post-clinical mastitis were more susceptible than isolates recovered from non-clinical lactating quarters. The results of this research support continued susceptibility of environmental streptococci to beta-lactam antimicrobials. A departure from the expected susceptibility to beta-lactams was the apparent reduced susceptibility of S. uberis to penicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite Cameron
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island , Charlottetown, PE , Canada
| | - Matthew Saab
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada; Diagnostic Services, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Luke Heider
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island , Charlottetown, PE , Canada
| | - J Trenton McClure
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island , Charlottetown, PE , Canada
| | | | - Javier Sanchez
- Department of Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island , Charlottetown, PE , Canada
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Fuursted K, Stegger M, Hoffmann S, Lambertsen L, Andersen PS, Deleuran M, Thomsen MK. Description and characterization of a penicillin-resistant Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis clone isolated from blood in three epidemiologically linked patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:3376-3380. [PMID: 27585966 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During a 27 month period, we detected four incidents of penicillin-resistant (PR) Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) isolated from blood cultures of three patients. METHODS The 4 PR-SDSE were compared phenotypically and molecularly (using WGS) with 36 penicillin-susceptible SDSE from blood cultures obtained in the same catchment area and time period. RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis showed that the four PR-SDSE belonged to a single clone and a possible epidemiological link between the three patients was identified to be a dermatology department. MICs of penicillin were determined to be 0.5-2 mg/L using Etest and 0.5 mg/L when tested by a broth microdilution method. The four PR-SDSE were unrelated to the 36 penicillin-susceptible isolates, which could suggest that they did not evolve locally from a susceptible clone, but have been introduced into the region. In silico genome-based resistome analysis revealed identical PBP mutations in all four isolates. We detected mutations in multiple PBPs, including two amino acid substitutions within the active sites of the transpeptidase domain of PBP2x (T341P and Q555E), which have also been detected in other PR streptococci. The remaining mutations were, however, all located outside the active-site motifs of the transpeptidase domain. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description and characterization of invasive PR-SDSE. The resistant isolates had several amino acid changes in various PBPs compared with penicillin-susceptible SDSE. The observation that SDSE also can become PR emphasizes the importance of performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Fuursted
- Department of Microbiology & Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Marc Stegger
- Department of Microbiology & Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Steen Hoffmann
- Department of Microbiology & Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Lotte Lambertsen
- Department of Microbiology & Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Paal Skytt Andersen
- Department of Microbiology & Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Mette Deleuran
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marianne Kragh Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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22
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De Martino L, Nocera FP, Mallardo K, Nizza S, Masturzo E, Fiorito F, Iovane G, Catalanotti P. An update on microbiological causes of canine otitis externa in Campania Region, Italy. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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23
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Feßler AT, Kaspar H, Lindeman CJ, Peters T, Watts JL, Schwarz S. Proposal for agar disk diffusion interpretive criteria for susceptibility testing of bovine mastitis pathogens using cefoperazone 30μg disks. Vet Microbiol 2016; 200:65-70. [PMID: 26987627 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cefoperazone is a third generation cephalosporin which is commonly used for bovine mastitis therapy. Bacterial pathogens involved in bovine mastitis are frequently tested for their susceptibility to cefoperazone. So far, the cefoperazone susceptibility testing using 30μg disks has been hampered by the lack of quality control (QC) ranges as well as the lack of interpretive criteria. In 2014, QC ranges for 30 μg cefoperazone disks have been established for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC® 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC® 25922. As a next step, interpretive criteria for the susceptibility testing of bovine mastitis pathogens should be developed. For this, 637 bovine mastitis pathogens (including 112 S. aureus, 121 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), 103 E. coli, 101 Streptococcus agalactiae, 100 Streptococcus dysgalactiae and 100 Streptococcus uberis) were investigated by agar disk diffusion according to the document Vet01-A4 of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) using 30μg cefoperazone disks and the results were compared to the corresponding MIC values as determined by broth microdilution also according to the aforementioned CLSI document. Based on the results obtained and taking into account the achievable milk concentration of cefoperazone after regular dosing, the following interpretive criteria were proposed as a guidance for mastitis diagnostic laboratories: for staphylococci and E. coli ≥23mm (susceptible), 18-22mm (intermediate) and ≤17mm (resistant) and for streptococci ≥18mm (susceptible), and ≤17mm (non-susceptible). These proposed interpretive criteria shall contribute to a harmonization of cefoperazone susceptibility testing of bovine mastitis pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea T Feßler
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany.
| | - Heike Kaspar
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Peters
- Milchtierherden-Betreuungs- und Forschungsgesellschaft mbH (MBFG), Wunstorf, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
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24
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Thomas V, de Jong A, Moyaert H, Simjee S, El Garch F, Morrissey I, Marion H, Vallé M. Antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring of mastitis pathogens isolated from acute cases of clinical mastitis in dairy cows across Europe: VetPath results. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2015; 46:13-20. [PMID: 26003836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
VetPath is an ongoing pan-European antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring programme collecting pathogens from diseased cattle, pigs and poultry not recently treated with antibiotics. Non-replicate milk samples were collected from cows with acute clinical mastitis in eight countries. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus uberis were isolated by standardised methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined in a central laboratory by CLSI broth microdilution methodology; results were interpreted using clinical breakpoints where available. Among E. coli (n=280), resistance to tetracycline (14.3%) and cefapirin (11.1%) were most common. Resistance to other β-lactam antibiotics was absent (ceftiofur) or very low (cefalexin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid). The MIC90 of enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin was 0.03 and 0.06μg/mL, respectively, with 0.7% of strains displaying a deviating high MIC. Staphylococcus aureus (n=250) were susceptible to most antibiotics tested, although 36.0% were resistant to penicillin G. For other β-lactam antibiotics where a CLSI breakpoint was available, no resistance was detected. Tetracycline resistance was low (5.2%). Streptococcus uberis (n=282) were susceptible to all β-lactam antibiotics, although 29.8% were intermediately susceptible to penicillin G; 18.8% of strains were resistant to erythromycin and 28.7% to tetracycline. This European study shows that bacteria associated with acute clinical mastitis are susceptible to most antibiotics with the exception of penicillin G against S. aureus, and erythromycin and tetracycline against S. uberis. The results of this study should serve as a reference baseline. This work also highlights the urgent need to set additional clinical breakpoints for antibiotics frequently used to treat mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Thomas
- VetPath Study Group, c/o CEESA, 1 Rue Defacqz, Brussels, Belgium; MSD Animal Health, Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - Anno de Jong
- VetPath Study Group, c/o CEESA, 1 Rue Defacqz, Brussels, Belgium; Bayer HealthCare AG, Animal Health GmbH, Leverkusen, Germany.
| | - Hilde Moyaert
- VetPath Study Group, c/o CEESA, 1 Rue Defacqz, Brussels, Belgium; Zoetis, Zaventem, Belgium
| | - Shabbir Simjee
- VetPath Study Group, c/o CEESA, 1 Rue Defacqz, Brussels, Belgium; Elanco Animal Health, Basingstoke, UK
| | - Farid El Garch
- VetPath Study Group, c/o CEESA, 1 Rue Defacqz, Brussels, Belgium; Vétoquinol S.A., Lure, France
| | | | - Hervé Marion
- VetPath Study Group, c/o CEESA, 1 Rue Defacqz, Brussels, Belgium; European Animal Health Study Centre (CEESA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Vallé
- VetPath Study Group, c/o CEESA, 1 Rue Defacqz, Brussels, Belgium; AM Consultant, Saint-Bénigne, France
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25
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Di Domenico EG, Toma L, Prignano G, Pelagalli L, Police A, Cavallotti C, Torelli R, Sanguinetti M, Ensoli F. Misidentification of Streptococcus uberis as a human pathogen: a case report and literature review. Int J Infect Dis 2015; 33:79-81. [PMID: 25578263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis is an environmental bacterium responsible for bovine mastitis. It is occasionally described as a human pathogen, though in most cases the identification was based on biochemical phenotyping techniques. This report shows that the biochemical phenotyping may incorrectly identify Enterococcus faecium as S. uberis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enea Gino Di Domenico
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Microbiology, San Gallicano Dermatology Institute, Rome, Italy; Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luigi Toma
- Department of Infectious Disease, San Gallicano Dermatology Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia Prignano
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Microbiology, San Gallicano Dermatology Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorella Pelagalli
- Intensive Care Medicine, National Cancer Institute "Regina Elena", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Police
- Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Institute "Regina" Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Cavallotti
- Department of Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatology Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Torelli
- Institute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Ensoli
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Microbiology, San Gallicano Dermatology Institute, Rome, Italy
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26
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Comment on "Intravitreal Ampicillin Sodium for Antibiotic-Resistant Endophthalmitis: Streptococcus uberis First Human Intraocular Infection Report". J Ophthalmol 2014; 2014:395480. [PMID: 25143827 PMCID: PMC4129913 DOI: 10.1155/2014/395480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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McDougall S, Hussein H, Petrovski K. Antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus dysgalactiae from dairy cows with mastitis. N Z Vet J 2013; 62:68-76. [PMID: 24215609 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2013.843135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of antimicrobials for common mastitis pathogens from dairy cows in New Zealand; and to assess the effect of source of the isolates, i.e. commercial veterinary laboratories or collected as part of research studies; the clinical status of the cow, i.e. subclinical or clinical mastitis; cow age and herd on the distribution of the MIC. METHODS Minimal inhibitory concentrations for Staphylococcus aureus (n=364), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (n=65) and Streptococcus uberis (n=102) isolated from milk samples from dairy cows were determined for a variety of antimicrobials using broth microdilution. Isolates of S. aureus were sourced from research studies from both subclinically (n=161) and clinically (n=104) affected cows, as well as from commercial veterinary laboratories (n=101); while all the streptococcal isolates were from commercial laboratories. Resistance was defined using the cut-points provided by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). RESULTS The distribution of MIC varied among the bacterial species for every antimicrobial tested (p<0.001). Of the S. aureus isolates, 28, 2 and 0.5% were resistant to penicillin, ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, respectively. For S. dysgalactiae and S. uberis isolates, 17 and 13% were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, respectively. One isolate (1%) of S. uberis was resistant to penicillin. The distribution of MIC of S. aureus varied with clinical status, between herds, and with age of cow (p<0.05). The distribution of MIC for S. aureus for penicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cloxacillin and ampicillin were lower from clinical than subclinical cases, and those for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and oxytetracycline from isolates from veterinary laboratories were lower than for those from research studies. CONCLUSIONS Resistance to some beta-lactam antimicrobials and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were found in isolates from cases of bovine mastitis. The distribution of MIC for isolates of S. aureus varied with clinical status of the cow, the age of the cow, the herd and with the source of isolate. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Resistance to penicillin was found in a quarter of S. aureus isolates, but in virtually no Streptococcus isolates; therefore microbial identification and sensitivity testing would be beneficial when assessing treatment options. The source of the isolates affected the estimated MIC, suggesting that selection of isolates for monitoring of resistance requires care and that use of routine submissions to commercial laboratories to assess antimicrobial resistance patterns may result in biased estimates of prevalence of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S McDougall
- a Cognosco, Anexa Animal Health , PO Box 21, Morrinsville , New Zealand
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28
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Novel mutations in a patient isolate of Streptococcus agalactiae with reduced penicillin susceptibility emerging after long-term oral suppressive therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:2983-5. [PMID: 21383092 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01243-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Penicillin nonsusceptibility has been demonstrated in group B streptococci (GBS), but there is limited information regarding mechanisms of resistance. We report a case of GBS with reduced susceptibility to penicillin emerging after long-term suppressive oral penicillin therapy for a prosthetic joint infection. Molecular characterization of the isolate before and after long-term penicillin therapy revealed 5 mutations in the ligand-binding regions of PBP1a, -2a, and -2x not previously reported in GBS.
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29
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Haenni M, Saras E, Madec JY. Demonstration of a shift towards penicillin resistance in the Streptococcus uberis population. J Med Microbiol 2010; 59:993-995. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.018978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Haenni
- Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA), Unité Bactériologie et Virulence Bactériennes, 31 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Estelle Saras
- Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA), Unité Bactériologie et Virulence Bactériennes, 31 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA), Unité Bactériologie et Virulence Bactériennes, 31 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69364 Lyon, France
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