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Sousa IS, Tavares LFS, Silva BA, Moreno DSA, Alviano CS, Santos ALS, Kneipp LF. Calcineurin activity in Fonsecaea pedrosoi: tacrolimus and cyclosporine A inhibited conidia growth, filamentation and showed synergism with itraconazole. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01463-2. [PMID: 39044105 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fonsecaea pedrosoi is a melanized fungus that causes chromoblastomycosis (CBM), a tropical neglected disease responsible for chronic and disability-related subcutaneous mycosis. Given the challenging nature of CBM treatment, the study of new targets and novel bioactive drugs capable of improving patient life quality is urgent. In the present work, we detected a calcineurin activity in F. pedrosoi conidial form, employing primarily colorimetric, immunoblotting and flow cytometry assays. Our findings reveal that the calcineurin activity of F. pedrosoi was stimulated by Ca2+/calmodulin, inhibited by EGTA and specific inhibitors, such as tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporine A (CsA), and proved to be insensitive to okadaic acid. In addition, FK506 and CsA were able to affect the cellular viability and the fungal proliferation. This effect was corroborated by transmission electron microscopy that showed both calcineurin inhibitors promoted profound changes in the ultrastructure of conidia, causing mainly cytoplasm condensation and intense vacuolization that are clear indication of cell death. Our data indicated that FK506 exhibited the highest effectiveness, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.12 mg/L, whereas CsA required 15.6 mg/L to inhibit 100% of conidial growth. Interestingly, when both were combined with itraconazole, they demonstrated anti-F. pedrosoi activity, exhibiting a synergistic effect. Moreover, the fungal filamentation was affected after treatment with both calcineurin inhibitors. These data corroborate with other calcineurin studies in fungal cells and open up further discussions aiming to establish the role of this enzyme as a potential target for antifungal therapy against CBM infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid S Sousa
- Laboratório de Taxonomia, Bioquímica e Bioprospecção de Fungos (LTBBF), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Lucilene F S Tavares
- Laboratório de Taxonomia, Bioquímica e Bioprospecção de Fungos (LTBBF), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Bianca A Silva
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Daniela S A Moreno
- Laboratório de Estrutura de Microrganismos, IMPG, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Celuta S Alviano
- Laboratório de Estrutura de Microrganismos, IMPG, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - André L S Santos
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901, Brazil
- Rede Micologia RJ, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Lucimar F Kneipp
- Laboratório de Taxonomia, Bioquímica e Bioprospecção de Fungos (LTBBF), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Brazil.
- Rede Micologia RJ, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, 21941-901, Brazil.
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Brito Devoto T, Hermida-Alva K, Posse G, Finquelievich JL, García-Effrón G, Cuestas ML. Antifungal susceptibility patterns for Aspergillus, Scedosporium, and Exophiala isolates recovered from cystic fibrosis patients against amphotericin B, and three triazoles and their impact after long-term therapies. Med Mycol 2023; 61:myad089. [PMID: 37591630 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, fungal colonization of the respiratory tract is frequently found. Aspergillus fumigatus, Scedosporium genus, and Exophiala dermatitidis are the most commonly isolated moulds from the respiratory tract secretions of CF patients. The aim of this 5-year surveillance study was to identify trends in species distribution and susceptibility patterns of 212 mould strains identified as Aspergillus spp., Scedosporium spp., and Exophiala spp., isolated from sputum of 63 CF patients who received long-term therapy with itraconazole (ITR) and/or voriconazole (VRC). The Aspergillus isolates were identified as members of the sections Fumigati (n = 130), Flavi (n = 22), Terrei (n = 20), Nigri (n = 8), Nidulantes (n = 1), and Usti (n = 1). Among the 16 species of the genus Scedosporium, 9 were S. apiospermum, 3 S. aurantiacum, and 4 S. boydii. Among the 14 Exophiala species, all were molecularly identified as E. dermatitidis. Overall, 94% (15/16) of Scedosporium spp., 50% (7/14) of E. dermatitidis, and 7.7% (14/182) of Aspergillus spp. strains showed high MIC values (≥8 µg/ml) for at least one antifungal. Particularly, 8.9% (19/212) of isolates showed high MIC values for amphotericin B, 11.7% (25/212) for ITR, 4.2% (9/212) for VRC, and 3.3% (7/212) for posaconazole. In some cases, such as some A. fumigatus and E. dermatitidis isolates recovered from the same patient, susceptibility to antifungal azoles decreased over time. We show that the use of azoles for a long time in CF patients causes the selection/isolation of mould strains with higher MIC values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Brito Devoto
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo en Micología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Katherine Hermida-Alva
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo en Micología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gladys Posse
- Laboratorio de Micología, Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge L Finquelievich
- Centro de Micología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo García-Effrón
- Laboratorio de Micología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Cátedra de Parasitología y Micología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María L Cuestas
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo en Micología, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Li Z, Tang J, Zhu J, Xie M, Huang S, Li S, Zhan Y, Zeng W, Xu T, Ye F. The convoluted process of diagnosing pulmonary mycosis caused by Exophiala dermatitidis: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:433. [PMID: 35509001 PMCID: PMC9069750 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Etiological diagnosis is a key step in the treatment of patients with rare pulmonary mycosis, and the lack of understanding of this disease and lack of specific markers for the detection of rare species, such as Exophiala dermatitidis, add to the difficulty in diagnosing the condition. Therefore, improving the diagnostic strategies for this disease is very important. Case presentation A 52-year-old man presented with cough, sputum production and hemoptysis; chest computed tomography (CT) revealed multiple bilateral lesions. The pathogen was unable to be identified after three biopsies. Subsequently, we performed combined tissue metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). The results of mNGS and a good therapeutic response helped to identify the causative pathogen as Exophiala dermatitidis. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with Exophiala dermatitidis pneumonia. Conclusions Combining molecular techniques, such as mNGS, with clinical microbiological tests will improve the rate of positivity in the diagnosis of rare fungal infections, and the importance of follow-up should be emphasized. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07399-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianli Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinping Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Songgang People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518105, China
| | - Mingzhou Xie
- Vision Medicals Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Shaoqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaoqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangqing Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqi Zeng
- Vision Medicals Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Teng Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Songgang People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518105, China
| | - Feng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
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Kane A, Carter DA. Augmenting Azoles with Drug Synergy to Expand the Antifungal Toolbox. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:482. [PMID: 35455479 PMCID: PMC9027798 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections impact the lives of at least 12 million people every year, killing over 1.5 million. Wide-spread use of fungicides and prophylactic antifungal therapy have driven resistance in many serious fungal pathogens, and there is an urgent need to expand the current antifungal arsenal. Recent research has focused on improving azoles, our most successful class of antifungals, by looking for synergistic interactions with secondary compounds. Synergists can co-operate with azoles by targeting steps in related pathways, or they may act on mechanisms related to resistance such as active efflux or on totally disparate pathways or processes. A variety of sources of potential synergists have been explored, including pre-existing antimicrobials, pharmaceuticals approved for other uses, bioactive natural compounds and phytochemicals, and novel synthetic compounds. Synergy can successfully widen the antifungal spectrum, decrease inhibitory dosages, reduce toxicity, and prevent the development of resistance. This review highlights the diversity of mechanisms that have been exploited for the purposes of azole synergy and demonstrates that synergy remains a promising approach for meeting the urgent need for novel antifungal strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dee A. Carter
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney ID, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
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Gonzales AM, Le KMN, Shin P, Tran MP. Exophiala pneumonia requiring pneumonectomy in a post-renal transplant patient. IDCases 2022; 28:e01481. [PMID: 35369566 PMCID: PMC8968016 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exophiala is a rare fungus that can cause fatal infections in patients who are immunocompromised. This case describes a 55-year-old post-renal transplant patient undergoing active treatment for multiple myeloma who presented to the emergency room with complaints of cough and dyspnea. She was found to have a cavitary lesion in the left upper lobe of her lung, and direct sampling via bronchoscopy revealed an invasive fungal infection with an Exophiala species. Despite initial improvement on antifungal therapy, her clinical course deteriorated requiring pneumonectomy and formation of brain abscess. This case emphasizes the challenge of invasive fungal infections and the importance of broad differentials in patients who are immunocompromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne M Gonzales
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center Round Rock, United States
| | - Kim Minh N Le
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center Round Rock, United States
| | - Patrick Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center Round Rock, United States
| | - MaryAnn P Tran
- Department of Infectious Disease, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center Round Rock, United States
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Watanabe Y, Sano H, Konno S, Kamioka Y, Hariu M, Takano K, Yamada M, Seki M. Sinobronchial Syndrome Patients with Suspected Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterium Infection Exacerbated by Exophiala dermatitidis Infection. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:1135-1141. [PMID: 35340672 PMCID: PMC8948093 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s359646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exophiala dermatitidis is an environmental black fungus that rarely causes respiratory infections, yet its pathophysiological features and treatment regimens have not been established. Case Series Two cases of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and sinusitis due to E. dermatitidis infection in Japan are presented. Both patients were women, and non-tuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) infection was suspected based on chest radiological findings, but E. dermatitidis was detected from bronchial lavage fluid and nasal mucus, respectively. Both cases were successfully treated by antifungal agents such as liposomal amphotericin B, voriconazole, and itraconazole, but clarithromycin, rifampicin, ethambutol, and sitafloxacin for NTM were not effective. Conclusion E. dermatitidis can become a respiratory pathogen, especially in patients with chronic sinobronchial syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Watanabe
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan
- Laboratory for Clinical Microbiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shuichi Konno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamioka
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan
- Division of Pharmacy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Maya Hariu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan
- Laboratory for Clinical Microbiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Takano
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan
- Laboratory for Clinical Microbiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masafumi Seki
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan
- Correspondence: Masafumi Seki, Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai City, Miyagi, 983-8612, Japan, Tel +81-22-259-1221, Fax +81-22-290-8956, Email ;
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Roudbary M, Vahedi-Shahandashti R, Santos ALSD, Roudbar Mohammadi S, Aslani P, Lass-Flörl C, Rodrigues CF. Biofilm formation in clinically relevant filamentous fungi: a therapeutic challenge. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:197-221. [PMID: 34358430 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1950121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are highly-organized microbial communities attached to a biotic or an abiotic surface, surrounded by an extracellular matrix secreted by the biofilm-forming cells. The majority of fungal pathogens contribute to biofilm formation within tissues or biomedical devices, leading to serious and persistent infections. The clinical significance of biofilms relies on the increased resistance to conventional antifungal therapies and suppression of the host immune system, which leads to invasive and recurrent fungal infections. While different features of yeast biofilms are well-described in the literature, the structural and molecular basis of biofilm formation of clinically related filamentous fungi has not been fully addressed. This review aimed to address biofilm formation in clinically relevant filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Roudbary
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - André Luis Souza Dos Santos
- Department of General Microbiology, Microbiology Institute Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | | | - Peyman Aslani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Célia F Rodrigues
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Brilhante RS, Pereira VS, Oliveira JS, Rodrigues AM, de Camargo ZP, Pereira-Neto WA, Nascimento NR, Castelo-Branco DS, Cordeiro RA, Sidrim JJ, Rocha MF. Terpinen-4-ol inhibits the growth of Sporothrix schenckii complex and exhibits synergism with antifungal agents. Future Microbiol 2020; 14:1221-1233. [PMID: 31625442 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study investigated the effect of terpinen-4-ol against Sporothrix schenckii complex and its interactions with antifungals. Materials & methods: The antifungal activity of terpinen-4-ol was evaluated by broth microdilution. The potential effect on cellular ergosterol concentration was evaluated by spectrophotometry. The antibiofilm activity was evaluated by violet crystal staining and XTT reduction assay. The potential pharmacological interactions with antifungals were evaluated by the checkerboard assay. Results: terpinen-4-ol (T-OH) showed minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 4 to 32 mg/l decreasing cellular ergosterol content and presented a SMIC ranging from 64 to 1024 mg/l for Sporothrix spp. The combinations of T-OH with itraconazole or terbinafine were synergistic. Conclusion: T-OH has antifungal activity against Sporothrix spp. and acts synergistically with standard antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimunda Sn Brilhante
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Vandbergue S Pereira
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jonathas S Oliveira
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Anderson M Rodrigues
- Cellular Biology Division, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 6th floor, Medical Sciences Building, CEP: 04023-062, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zoilo P de Camargo
- Cellular Biology Division, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 6th floor, Medical Sciences Building, CEP: 04023-062, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Waldemiro A Pereira-Neto
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Nilberto Rf Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary, State University of Ceará. Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Campus do Itaperi, CEP: 60714-903, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Débora Scm Castelo-Branco
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rossana A Cordeiro
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Jc Sidrim
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fg Rocha
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará. Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP: 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary, State University of Ceará. Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Campus do Itaperi, CEP: 60714-903, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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9
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Nishikawa H, Taniguchi Y. Phaeohyphomycosis Due to Exophiala oligosperma in an Immunocompromised Host. J Rheumatol 2019; 46:652. [PMID: 31154445 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.180774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Nishikawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kochi Medical School Hospital, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Taniguchi
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kochi Medical School Hospital, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.
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10
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Kirchhoff L, Olsowski M, Rath PM, Steinmann J. Exophiala dermatitidis: Key issues of an opportunistic fungal pathogen. Virulence 2019; 10:984-998. [PMID: 30887863 PMCID: PMC8647849 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1596504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The black yeast Exophiala dermatitidis is an opportunistic pathogen, causing phaeohyphomycosis in immunosuppressed patients, chromoblastomycosis and fatal infections of the central nervous system in otherwise healthy Asian patients. In addition, it is also regularly isolated from respiratory samples from cystic fibrosis patients, with rates varying between 1% and 19%.Melanin, as part of the cell wall of black yeasts, is one major factor known contributing to the pathogenicity of E. dermatitidis and increased resistance against host defense and anti-infective therapeutics. Further virulence factors, e.g. the capability to adhere to surfaces and to form biofilm were reported. A better understanding of the pathogenicity of E. dermatitidis is essential for the development of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies. In this review, the current knowledge of E. dermatitidis prevalence, clinical importance, diagnosis, microbiological characteristics, virulence attributes, susceptibility, and resistances as well as therapeutically strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kirchhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Center of Excellence in Clinical and Laboratory Mycology and Clinical Studies, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maike Olsowski
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Center of Excellence in Clinical and Laboratory Mycology and Clinical Studies, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter-Michael Rath
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Center of Excellence in Clinical and Laboratory Mycology and Clinical Studies, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Joerg Steinmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Center of Excellence in Clinical and Laboratory Mycology and Clinical Studies, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Infectiology, Klinikum Nürnberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
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