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Tantipanjaporn A, Kung KYK, Deng JR, Wong MK. Modular synthesis of pentacyclic-fused pyranoquinoliziniums as organelle-selective fluorescent probes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 319:124524. [PMID: 38824759 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
On basis of their unique chemical and photophysical properties, and excellent biological activities, quinoliziniums have been widely used in various research fields. Herein, modular synthetic strategies for efficient synthesis of novel fluorescent quinoliziniums by using one-pot and stepwise rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H annulations were developed. In the one-pot synthesis, the reaction between 2-aryl-4-quinolones (1) and 1,2-diarylalkynes (2) proceeded in a chemo- and regioselective manner to give quinolinone-fused isoquinolines (3) and pentacyclic-fused pyranoquinoliziniums (4). The structural diversity of pentacyclic-fused pyranoquinoliziniums (4) was expanded by the stepwise synthesis from 3 and 2, allowing the strategic incorporation of electron-donating (OMe and OH) and electron-withdrawing (Cl) substituents on the top and bottom parts of the pyranoquinoliziniums (4). These newly synthesized pyranoquinoliziniums (4) exhibited tunable absorptions (455-532 nm), emissions (520-610 nm), fluorescence lifetime (0.3-5.6 ns), large Stokes shifts (up to 120 nm), and excellent fluorescence quantum yields (up to 0.73) upon adjusting the different substituents. The the unique arrangement of N and O atoms and extended π-conjugation of 4 could cause the relocation of HOMO comparing with our previous quinoliziniums. Importantly, pyranoquinoliziniums (4a-4g and 4i) targeted the mitochondria, while 4h was localized in lysosome. Due to the remarkable photophysical properties and the potential for organelle targeting of the novel class of quinoliziniums, they could be further applied for biological, chemical and material applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajcharapan Tantipanjaporn
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Research Institute for Future Food, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Yan Karen Kung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Research Institute for Future Food, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie-Ren Deng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Kin Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Research Institute for Future Food, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.
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2
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Saini MK, Prajapati K, Basak AK. Synthesis of Azonia Aromatic Heterocycles Bearing 6-6-6-5-6 Pentacyclic Core via Intramolecular [4 + 2]-Cycloaddition and Oxidative Aromatization Reaction Sequence in One Pot. J Org Chem 2024; 89:68-79. [PMID: 38111967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Cationic aza-heterocycle-fused compounds have gained wide applications in materials science, biological applications, and synthetic organic chemistry. In this report, synthesis of benzothiazolochromenopyridinium tetrafluoroborates, a novel molecular scaffold, bearing 6-6-6-5-6 pentacyclic core is described that proceeds via (i) piperidine-catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation between 2-propargyloxyarylaldehydes bearing internal alkynes and 2-benzothiazoleacetonitrile, (ii) intramolecular formal [4 + 2]-cycloaddition, and (iii) crucial molecular oxygen-mediated oxidative aromatization reaction sequence in one pot. These quaternary pyridinium salts are obtained at ambient temperature in good to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Karmdeo Prajapati
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ashok K Basak
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Cao HJ, Wei X, Sun F, Zhang X, Lu C, Yan H. Metal-catalyzed B-H acylmethylation of pyridylcarboranes: access to carborane-fused indoliziniums and quinoliziniums. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15563-15571. [PMID: 35003585 PMCID: PMC8654026 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed mono-acylmethylation of pyridylcarboranes has been realized using α-carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides as a coupling partner. The reaction features high efficiency, excellent site-selectivity and good functional group tolerance. In the presence of pyridyl and enolizable acylmethyl groups, a post-coordination mode has been proposed and validated by in situ high resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS) to rationalize the unique mono-substitution. Post-functionalization at the newly incorporated alkyl site provides additional utility of this method, including the construction of carborane-fused indoliziniums and quinoliziniums. We believe that these mono-alkylated carboranes, together with their post-functionalized derivatives, may find applications in luminescent materials and drug discovery in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Ji Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 P. R. China
| | - Xing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 P. R. China
| | - Fangxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 P. R. China
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 P. R. China
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Singh R, Salunke DB. Diverse chemical space of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (Ido1) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113071. [PMID: 33341650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyses the first and rate limiting step of kynurenine pathway accounting for the major contributor of L-Tryptophan degradation. The Kynurenine metabolites are identified as essential cofactors, antagonists, neurotoxins, immunomodulators, antioxidants as well as carcinogens. The catalytic active site of IDO1 enzyme consists of hydrophobic Pocket-A positioned in the distal heme site and remains connected to a second hydrophobic Pocket-B towards the entrance of the active site. IDO1 enzyme also relates directly to the modulation of the innate and adaptive immune system. Various studies proved that the over expression of IDO1 enzyme play a predominant role in the escape of immunity during cancer progression. Recently, there has been considerable interest in evaluating the potential of IDO1 inhibitors to mobilize the body's immune system against solid tumours. In the last two decades, enormous attempts to advance new IDO1 inhibitors are on-going both in pharmaceutical industries and in academia which resulted in the discovery of a diverse range of selective and potent IDO1 inhibitors. The IDO1 inhibitors have therapeutic utility in various diseases and in the near future, it may have utility in the treatment of COVID-19. Despite various reviews on IDO1 inhibitors in last five years, none of the reviews provide a complete overview of diverse chemical space including naturally occurring and synthetic IDO1 inhibitors with detailed structure activity relationship studies. The present work provides a complete overview on the IDO1 inhibitors known in the literature so far along with the Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) in each class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Deepak B Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India; National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
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Berdnikova DV, Heider J, Ihmels H, Sewald N, Pithan PM. Photoinduced Release of DNA‐Binding Ligands from the [4+4] Dimers of Benzo[ b]quinolizinium and Anthracene Derivatives. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daria V. Berdnikova
- Department of Chemistry-BiologyUniversity of Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57068 Siegen Germany
| | - Josef Heider
- Department of Chemistry-BiologyUniversity of Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57068 Siegen Germany
| | - Heiko Ihmels
- Department of Chemistry-BiologyUniversity of Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57068 Siegen Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryBielefeld University PO Box 100121 33501 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Phil M. Pithan
- Department of Chemistry-BiologyUniversity of Siegen Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57068 Siegen Germany
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Pithan PM, Ihmels H. Studies on the photocyclization reaction of 8‐styryl‐substituted coralyne derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phil Marvin Pithan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, and Center of Micro‐ and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ)University of Siegen Siegen Germany
| | - Heiko Ihmels
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, and Center of Micro‐ and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ)University of Siegen Siegen Germany
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Wang XX, Sun SY, Dong QQ, Wu XX, Tang W, Xing YQ. Recent advances in the discovery of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1740-1754. [PMID: 32055299 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), an important immunoregulatory enzyme ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and cells, plays a key role in tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway and has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer and other diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and arthritis. IDO1 has diverse biological roles in immune suppression and tumor progression by tryptophan catabolism. In addition, IDO1-mediated immune tolerance assists tumor cells in escaping the immune surveillance. Recently, extensive and enormous investigations have been made in the discovery of IDO1 inhibitors in both academia and pharmaceutical companies. In this review, IDO1 inhibitors are grouped as tryptophan derivatives, inhibitors with an imidazole, 1,2,3-triazole or tetrazole scaffold, inhibitors with quinone or iminoquinone, N-hydroxyamidines and other derivatives, and their enzymatic inhibitory activity, selectivity and other biological activities are also introduced and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xiu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , Anhuir 233040 , P.R. China .
| | - Si-Yu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , Anhuir 233040 , P.R. China .
| | - Qing-Qing Dong
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , Anhuir 233040 , P.R. China .
| | - Xiao-Xiang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , Anhuir 233040 , P.R. China .
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , Anhuir 233040 , P.R. China .
| | - Ya-Qun Xing
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , Anhuir 233040 , P.R. China .
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Abstract
Iron-containing enzymes such as heme enzymes play crucial roles in biological systems. Three distinct heme-containing dioxygenase enzymes, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) catalyze the initial and rate-limiting step of l-tryptophan catabolism through the kynurenine pathway in mammals. Overexpression of these enzymes causes depletion of tryptophan and the accumulation of metabolic products, which contributes to tumor immune tolerance and immune dysregulation in a variety of disease pathologies. In the past few decades, IDO1 has garnered the most attention as a therapeutic target with great potential in cancer immunotherapy. Many potential inhibitors of IDO1 have been designed, synthesized and evaluated, among which indoximod (d-1-MT), INCB024360, GDC-0919 (formerly NLG-919), and an IDO1 peptide-based vaccine have advanced to the clinical trial stage. However, recently, the roles of TDO and IDO2 have been elucidated in immune suppression. In this review, the current drug discovery landscape for targeting TDO, IDO1 and IDO2 is highlighted, with particular attention to the recent use of drugs in clinical trials. Moreover, the crystal structures of these enzymes, in complex with inhibitors, and the mechanisms of Trp catabolism in the first step, are summarized to provide information for facilitating the discovery of new enzyme inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojing Yan
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Li F, Cho J, Tan S, Kim S. Synthesis of Quinolizinium-Type Heteroaromatics via a Carbene Intermediate. Org Lett 2018; 20:824-827. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jihee Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Shenpeng Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Early Immune Regulatory Changes in a Primary Controlled Human Plasmodium vivax Infection: CD1c + Myeloid Dendritic Cell Maturation Arrest, Induction of the Kynurenine Pathway, and Regulatory T Cell Activation. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00986-16. [PMID: 28320838 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00986-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax malaria remains a major public health problem. The requirements for acquisition of protective immunity to the species are not clear. Dendritic cells (DC) are essential for immune cell priming but also perform immune regulatory functions, along with regulatory T cells (Treg). An important function of DC involves activation of the kynurenine pathway via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Using a controlled human experimental infection study with blood-stage P. vivax, we characterized plasmacytoid DC (pDC) and myeloid DC (mDC) subset maturation, CD4+ CD25+ CD127lo Treg activation, and IDO activity. Blood samples were collected from six healthy adults preinoculation, at peak parasitemia (day 14; ∼31,400 parasites/ml), and 24 and 48 h after antimalarial treatment. CD1c+ and CD141+ mDC and pDC numbers markedly declined at peak parasitemia, while CD16+ mDC numbers appeared less affected. HLA-DR expression was selectively reduced on CD1c+ mDC, increased on CD16+ mDC, and was unaltered on pDC. Plasma IFN-γ increased significantly and was correlated with an increased kynurenine/tryptophan (KT) ratio, a measure of IDO activity. At peak parasitemia, Treg presented an activated CD4+ CD25+ CD127lo CD45RA- phenotype and upregulated TNFR2 expression. In a mixed-effects model, the KT ratio was positively associated with an increase in activated Treg. Our data demonstrate that a primary P. vivax infection exerts immune modulatory effects by impairing HLA-DR expression on CD1c+ mDC while activating CD16+ mDC. Induction of the kynurenine pathway and increased Treg activation, together with skewed mDC maturation, suggest P. vivax promotes an immunosuppressive environment, likely impairing the development of a protective host immune response.
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The kynurenine pathway and parasitic infections that affect CNS function. Neuropharmacology 2017; 112:389-398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Jahromi EB, Mehranpour A, Nowrouzi N. Facile synthesis of novel 3-substituted pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinium salts using vinamidinium salts. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2016.1230875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Najmeh Nowrouzi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
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