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Pitout JDD, Peirano G, Matsumura Y, DeVinney R, Chen L. Escherichia coli sequence type 410 with carbapenemases: a paradigm shift within E. coli toward multidrug resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0133923. [PMID: 38193668 PMCID: PMC10869336 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01339-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli sequence type ST410 is an emerging carbapenemase-producing multidrug-resistant (MDR) high-risk One-Health clone with the potential to significantly increase carbapenem resistance among E. coli. ST410 belongs to two clades (ST410-A and ST410-B) and three subclades (ST410-B1, ST410-B2, and ST410-B3). After a fimH switch between clades ST410-A and ST410-B1, ST410-B2 and ST410-B3 subclades showed a stepwise progression toward developing MDR. (i) ST410-B2 initially acquired fluoroquinolone resistance (via homologous recombination) in the 1980s. (ii) ST410-B2 then obtained CMY-2, CTX-M-15, and OXA-181 genes on different plasmid platforms during the 1990s. (iii) This was followed by the chromosomal integration of blaCMY-2, fstl YRIN insertion, and ompC/ompF mutations during the 2000s to create the ST410-B3 subclade. (iv) An IncF plasmid "replacement" scenario happened when ST410-B2 transformed into ST410-B3: F36:31:A4:B1 plasmids were replaced by F1:A1:B49 plasmids (both containing blaCTX-M-15) followed by blaNDM-5 incorporation during the 2010s. User-friendly cost-effective methods for the rapid identification of ST410 isolates and clades are needed because limited data are available about the frequencies and global distribution of ST410 clades. Basic mechanistic, evolutionary, surveillance, and clinical studies are urgently required to investigate the success of ST410 (including the ability to acquire successive MDR determinants). Such information will aid with management and prevention strategies to curb the spread of carbapenem-resistant E. coli. The medical community can ill afford to ignore the spread of a global E. coli clone with the potential to end the carbapenem era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann D. D. Pitout
- Cummings School of Medicine, Calcary, Alberta, Canada
- University of Calgary, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Gisele Peirano
- Cummings School of Medicine, Calcary, Alberta, Canada
- University of Calgary, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yasufumi Matsumura
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | | | - Liang Chen
- Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Kyoto, Japan
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall University, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
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Chang MX, Zhang J, Zhang JF, Ding XM, Lu Y, Zhang J, Li R, Jiang HX. Formation, Transmission, and Dynamic Evolution of a Multidrug-Resistant Chromosomally Integrated Plasmid in Salmonella Spp. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:846954. [PMID: 35464949 PMCID: PMC9019673 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.846954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IncHI2 plasmids, possessing high flexibility and genetic plasticity, play a vital role in the acquisition and transmission of resistance determinants. Polymorphic mobile genetic elements (MGEs) generated by a chromosomally integrated IncHI2 plasmid in an individual Salmonella isolate have not yet been detected, and the mechanisms of the formation, excision, and dynamic evolution of a multidrug-resistant chromosomally integrated plasmid (MRCP) have remained obscure. Herein, we identified a 260-kb blaCTX–M–55-qnrS1-bearing IncHI2 plasmid within a Salmonella Muenster strain. Plenty of heterogeneous MGEs (new Escherichia coli chromosomally integrated plasmid or circular plasmids with different profiles) were yielded when this MRCP was conjugated into E. coli J53 with a transfer frequency of 10–4–10–5 transconjugants per donor. A bioinformatic analysis indicated that replicative transposition and homologous recombination of IS26 elements were particularly active, and the truncated Tn1721 also played a vital role in the formation of MRCP offspring. More importantly, when released from the chromosome, MRCP could capture and co-transfer adjacent chromosomal segments to form larger plasmid progeny than itself. Stability and growth kinetics assays showed that the biological characteristics of MRCP progeny were differentiated. This study provides an insight into a flexible existence of MRCP. The conversion between vertical and horizontal transmission endowed MRCP with genetic stability as a chromosomal coding structure and transferability as extra-chromosomal elements. This alternation may accelerate the acquisition and persistence of antibiotic resistance of clinical pathogens and enhance their ability to respond to adverse environments, which poses a great challenge to the traditional antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Xia Chang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Fei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Min Ding
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruichao Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Xia Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Coppola N, Cordeiro NF, Trenchi G, Esposito F, Fuga B, Fuentes-Castillo D, Lincopan N, Iriarte A, Bado I, Vignoli R. Imported One-Day-Old Chicks as Trojan Horses for Multidrug-Resistant Priority Pathogens Harboring mcr-9, rmtG, and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Genes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0167521. [PMID: 34731047 PMCID: PMC8788672 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01675-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a critical issue that is no longer restricted to hospital settings but also represents a growing problem involving intensive animal production systems. In this study, we performed a microbiological and molecular investigation of priority pathogens carrying transferable resistance genes to critical antimicrobials in 1-day-old chickens imported from Brazil to Uruguay. Bacterial identification was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, and antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Sensititre. Antimicrobial resistance genes were sought by PCR, and clonality was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Four multidrug-resistant (MDR) representative strains were sequenced by an Illumina and/or Oxford Nanopore Technologies device. Twenty-eight MDR isolates were identified as Escherichia coli (n = 14), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 11), or Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 3). While resistance to oxyiminocephalosporins was due to blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-8, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-55, and blaCMY-2, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance was associated with the qnrB19, qnrE1, and qnrB2 genes. Finally, resistance to aminoglycosides and fosfomycin was due to the presence of 16S rRNA methyltransferase rmtG and fosA-type genes, respectively. Short- and long-read genome sequencing of E. cloacae strain ODC_Eclo3 revealed the presence of IncQ/rmtG (pUR-EC3.1; 7,400 bp), IncHI2A/mcr-9.1/blaCTX-M-2 (pUR-EC3.2, ST16 [pMLST; 408,436 bp), and IncN2/qnrB19/aacC3/aph(3″)-Ib (pUR-EC3.3) resistance plasmids. Strikingly, the blaCTX-M-2 gene was carried by a novel Tn1696-like composite transposon designated Tn7337. In summary, we report that imported 1-day-old chicks can act as Trojan horses for the hidden spread of WHO critical-priority MDR pathogens harboring mcr-9, rmtG, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes in poultry farms, which is a critical issue from a One Health perspective. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance is considered a significant problem for global health, including within the concept of One Health; therefore, the food chain connects human health and animal health directly. In this work, we searched for microorganisms resistant to antibiotics considered critical for human health in intestinal microbiota of 1-day-old baby chicks imported to Uruguay from Brazil. We describe genes for resistance to antibiotics whose use the WHO has indicated to "watch" or "reserve" (AWaRe classification), such as rmtG and mcr9.1, which confer resistance to all the aminoglycosides and colistin, respectively, among other genes, and their presence in new mobile genetic elements that favor its dissemination. The sustained entry of these microorganisms evades the sanitary measures implemented by the countries and production establishments to reduce the selection of resistant microorganisms. These silently imported resistant microorganisms could explain a considerable part of the antimicrobial resistance problems found in the production stages of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Coppola
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás F. Cordeiro
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Fernanda Esposito
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Fuga
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danny Fuentes-Castillo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrés Iriarte
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Inés Bado
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Vignoli
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Gozi KS, Deus Ajude LPT, Barroso MDV, Silva CRD, Peiró JR, Mendes LCN, Nogueira MCL, Casella T. Potentially Pathogenic Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli in Lamb Meat. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 27:1071-1078. [PMID: 33417827 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) resistance remains a threat since ESC are important antimicrobials used to treat infections in humans and animals. Escherichia coli is an important source of ESC-resistance genes, such as those encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). E. coli is a common commensal of lambs. Reports that contaminated food can be a source of ESC-resistant bacteria in humans and that ESBL-producing E. coli are found in sheep in Brazil led us to survey their presence in retail lamb meat. Twenty-five samples intended for human consumption were screened for ESC-resistant E. coli, and the isolates were characterized. IncI1-blaCTX-M-8 and IncHI2-blaCTX-M-2 were the main plasmids responsible for ESC resistance. The plasmids harbored common ESBL genes in Enterobacteriaceae from food-producing animals in Brazil. IncI1-blaCTX-M-14 and IncF-blaCTX-M-55 plasmids, associated with human infections, were also detected. Few CTX-M-producing E. coli have been clustered by typing methods, and some may be genetically pathogenic. The findings indicate the presence of diverse strains of E. coli, harboring important ESBL genes, in lamb meat in Brazil. Surveillance of ESC-resistant bacteria could reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Suemi Gozi
- Centro de Investigação de Microrganismos, FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juliana Regina Peiró
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tiago Casella
- Centro de Investigação de Microrganismos, FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.,Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
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Zhang S, Abbas M, Rehman MU, Huang Y, Zhou R, Gong S, Yang H, Chen S, Wang M, Cheng A. Dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) via integrons in Escherichia coli: A risk to human health. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115260. [PMID: 32717638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the induction of various emerging environmental contaminants such as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), environment is considered as a key indicator for the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). As such, the ARGs mediated environmental pollution raises a significant public health concern worldwide. Among various genetic mechanisms that are involved in the dissemination of ARGs, integrons play a vital role in the dissemination of ARGs. Integrons are mobile genetic elements that can capture and spread ARGs among environmental settings via transmissible plasmids and transposons. Most of the ARGs are found in Gram-negative bacteria and are primarily studied for their potential role in antibiotic resistance in clinical settings. As one of the most common microorganisms, Escherichia coli (E. coli) is widely studied as an indicator carrying drug-resistant genes, so this article aims to provide an in-depth study on the spread of ARGs via integrons associated with E. coli outside clinical settings and highlight their potential role as environmental contaminants. It also focuses on multiple but related aspects that do facilitate environmental pollution, i.e. ARGs from animal sources, water treatment plants situated at or near animal farms, agriculture fields, wild birds and animals. We believe that this updated study with summarized text, will facilitate the readers to understand the primary mechanisms as well as a variety of factors involved in the transmission and spread of ARGs among animals, humans, and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaqiu Zhang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Livestock and Dairy Development Department Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yahui Huang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Siyue Gong
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Hong Yang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Shuling Chen
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China.
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Xu J, He F. Characterization of a NDM-7 carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli ST410 clinical strain isolated from a urinary tract infection in China. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:1555-1564. [PMID: 31239731 PMCID: PMC6559143 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s206211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The emergence of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM) carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli leaves few therapeutic options. Infections due to NDM-7 carbapenemase-producing E. coli are infrequent. In this study, we report the whole-genome sequence of an NDM-7 carbapenemase-producing E. coli belonging to sequence type (ST) 410 isolated from a patient with a urinary tract infection in China. Patients and methods: The NDM-7 producing E. coli strain EC25 was isolated from a urine sample of a male patient hospitalized in a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang Province of China. Susceptibility assay of antibiotics was performed according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The whole genome of the strain was sequenced, and the bla NDM-7-harboring plasmid was analyzed. The genomic characterization and molecular epidemiology of the strain were further elucidated. Results: E. coli EC25 was resistant to all antimicrobials tested, except tigecycline and colistin. The whole genome of E. coli EC25 was composed of one chromosomal DNA and five plasmids. Four virulence factors and twenty-five antimicrobial resistance genes, including bla NDM-7, were identified. Resistance genes were all located in an IncF-type plasmid (pEC25-1), except bla NDM-7, which was located in an individual IncX3-type plasmid (pEC25_NDM-7). Twenty-one phylogenetically related strains were identified. The phylogenetically related E. coli ST410 strains exist globally. The closest relative strain of EC25 was a strain isolated from Sichuan province of China in 2016, with a similar IncX3-type plasmid that encoded bla NDM-5. Conclusion: Our study reports the emergence of an E. coli ST410 strain harboring bla NDM-7 in China. This strain may evolve as a successful epidemic clone of NDM-producing E. coli in China, and the bla NDM gene is prone to mutate during its dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xu
- Institute of Hygiene, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
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High Genetic Plasticity in Multidrug-Resistant Sequence Type 3-IncHI2 Plasmids Revealed by Sequence Comparison and Phylogenetic Analysis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.02068-17. [PMID: 29437633 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02068-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a novel fusion plasmid, pP2-3T, cointegrating sequence type 3 (ST3)-IncHI2 with an IncFII plasmid backbone mediating multidrug resistance (MDR) and virulence. Phylogenetic analysis and comparative genomics revealed that pP2-3T and other MDR ST3-IncHI2 plasmids clustered together, representing a unique IncHI2 lineage that exhibited high conservation in backbones of plasmids but possessed highly genetic plasticity in various regions by acquiring numerous antibiotic resistance genes and fusing with other plasmids. Surveillance studies should be performed to monitor multiresistance IncHI2 plasmids among Enterobacteriaceae.
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Sun J, Li XP, Fang LX, Sun RY, He YZ, Lin J, Liao XP, Feng Y, Liu YH. Co-occurrence of mcr-1 in the chromosome and on an IncHI2 plasmid: persistence of colistin resistance in Escherichia coli. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 51:842-847. [PMID: 29371103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Two colistin-resistant Escherichia coli strains (FS13Z2S and FS3Z6C) possessing chromosomally encoded mcr-1 isolated from swine were characterised. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that in strain FS13Z2S mcr-1 occurred in triplicate in the chromosome with another copy encoded on a pHNSHP45-2-like IncHI2 plasmid, whereas in strain FS3Z6C only one copy mcr-1 was inserted in the chromosome. It seems likely that the triplication of chromosomal copies of mcr-1 in FS13Z2S is due to intramolecular transposition events via a composite transposon containing an mcr-1 cassette bracketed by two copies of insertion sequence ISApl1, and the pap2 gene at the insertion site was truncated by an IS1294-like element. In plasmid pFS13Z2S and the chromosome of strain FS3Z6C, only a single copy of ISApl1 was present upstream of the mcr-1 cassette. The two strains exhibited similar colistin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and featured phosphoethanolamine addition to lipid A, without regard to the copy number of mcr-1. The mcr-1-harbouring plasmid was unstable in wild-type strain FS13Z2S and was quickly lost after 7 days of passage on colistin-free Luria-Bertani broth containing 0.5% SDS, but the mcr-1 copies on the chromosome persisted. These results reveal that the single copy of mcr-1 could result in modification of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cause colistin resistance in E. coli. Acquisition of multiple copies of mcr-1, especially on the chromosome, would facilitate stable persistence of colistin resistance in the host strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Ping Li
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Xing Fang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruan-Yang Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Zhang He
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxia Lin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youjun Feng
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Sun L, Zhang P, Qu T, Chen Y, Hua X, Shi K, Yu Y. Identification of Novel Conjugative Plasmids with Multiple Copies of fosB that Confer High-Level Fosfomycin Resistance to Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1541. [PMID: 28861056 PMCID: PMC5559704 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To further characterize the fosB-carrying plasmids of 19 vancomycin-resistant enterococci, the complete sequences of the fosB- and vanA-containing plasmids of Enterococcus faecium (pEMA120) and E. avium (pEA19081) were obtained by single-molecule, real-time sequencing. We found that these two plasmids are essentially identical (99.99% nucleotide sequence identity), which proved the possibility of interspecies transmission. Comparative analysis of the plasmids revealed that the backbone of pEMA120 is 99% similar to a conjugative fosB-negative E. faecium plasmid, pZB18. There is a traE disrupted in the transfer region of pEMA120, in comparison to pZB18 with an intact traE. The difference of their transfer frequencies between pEMA120 and pZB18 suggests this interruption of traE might affect conjugative transfer. Two copies of the fosB gene linked to a tnpA gene, forming an ISL3-like transposon, were found at separate locations within pEMA120, which had not been reported previously. These two fosB-carrying transposons were confirmed to form circular intermediates by inverse PCR. The hybridization of plasmid DNA digested by BsaI, having restriction site within the fosB sequence, demonstrated that the presence of multiple copies of fosB per plasmid is common. The total copy number of the fosB gene as revealed by qRT-PCR did not correlate with fosfomycin MICs or growth rates at sub-MICs of fosfomycin in different transconjugants. From susceptibility tests, the fosB gene, regardless of the copy number, conferred high fosfomycin MICs that ranged from 16384 to 65536 μg/ml. This first complete nucleotide sequence of a plasmid carrying two copies of fosB in VRE suggests that the fosB gene can transfer to multiple loci of plasmids by the ISL3 family transposase TnpA, possibly in the form of circular intermediates, leading to the dissemination of high fosfomycin resistance in VRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Hua
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou, China
| | - Keren Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou, China
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou, China
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IncX2 and IncX1-X2 Hybrid Plasmids Coexisting in a FosA6-Producing Escherichia coli Strain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00536-17. [PMID: 28438937 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00536-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
IncX plasmids are receiving much attention as vehicles of carbapenem and colistin resistance genes, such as blaNDM, blaKPC, and mcr-1 Among them, IncX2 subgroup plasmids remain rare. Here, we characterized IncX2 and IncX1-X2 hybrid plasmids coexisting in a FosA6-producing Escherichia coli strain that were possibly generated as a consequence of recombination events between an R6K-like IncX2 plasmid and a pLN126_33-like IncX1 plasmid. Variable multidrug resistance mosaic regions were observed in these plasmids, indicating their potential to serve as flexible carriers of resistance genes. The diversity of IncX group plasmid backbones and accessory genes and the evolution of hybrid IncX plasmids pose a challenge in detecting and classifying them.
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