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Stillger L, Viau L, Holtmann D, Müller D. Antibiofilm assay for antimicrobial peptides combating the sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio vulgaris. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1376. [PMID: 37642483 PMCID: PMC10441178 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In medical, environmental, and industrial processes, the accumulation of bacteria in biofilms can disrupt many processes. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are receiving increasing attention in the development of new substances to avoid or reduce biofilm formation. There is a lack of parallel testing of the effect against biofilms in this area, as well as in the testing of other antibiofilm agents. In this paper, a high-throughput screening was developed for the analysis of the antibiofilm activity of AMPs, differentiated into inhibition and removal of a biofilm. The sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris was used as a model organism. D. vulgaris represents an undesirable bacterium, which is considered one of the major triggers of microbiologically influenced corrosion. The application of a 96-well plate and steel rivets as a growth surface realizes real-life conditions and at the same time establishes a flexible, simple, fast, and cost-effective assay. All peptides tested in this study demonstrated antibiofilm activity, although these peptides should be individually selected depending on the addressed aim. For biofilm inhibition, the peptide DASamP1 is the most suitable, with a sustained effect for up to 21 days. The preferred peptides for biofilm removal are S6L3-33, in regard to bacteria reduction, and Bactenecin, regarding total biomass reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Stillger
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical TechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences MittelhessenGiessenGermany
| | - Lucile Viau
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical TechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences MittelhessenGiessenGermany
| | - Dirk Holtmann
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical TechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences MittelhessenGiessenGermany
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life SciencesKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany
| | - Daniela Müller
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical TechnologyUniversity of Applied Sciences MittelhessenGiessenGermany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmacyPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
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2
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Choyam S, Kammara R. Understanding the Necessity of Regulatory Protein Machinery in Heterologous Expression of Class-III Type of Ocins. Protein J 2023:10.1007/s10930-023-10106-8. [PMID: 36976382 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
To date, there have been no or just a few reports of successful cloning and expression to create biologically active ocins or bacteriocins. Cloning, expression, and production of class I ocins are problematic because of their structural arrangements, coordinated functions, size, and posttranslational modifications. Mass synthesis of these molecules is necessary for commercialization and to restrict the excessive use of conventional antibiotics, which encourages the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In the case of class III ocins, there are no reports of obtaining biological active proteins to date. Being able to obtain biologically active proteins requires an understanding of mechanistic features due to their expanding importance and broad spectrum of activity. As a result, we intend to clone and express the class III type. The class I types that are devoid of posttranslational modifications were transformed into class III through fusion. Therefore, this construct resembles a class III type ocin. With the exception of Zoocin, expression of the proteins was found to be physiologically ineffective after cloning. But, few cell morphological changes such as elongation, aggregation, and the formation of terminal hyphae were observed. However, it was discovered that the target indicator had been altered to Vibrio spp. in a few. All the three ocins were subjected to in-silico structure prediction/analysis. Finally, we confirm the existence of unidentified additional intrinsic factors for successful expression to obtain biologically active protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilja Choyam
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysore, India
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3
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Hoelscher MP, Forner J, Calderone S, Krämer C, Taylor Z, Loiacono FV, Agrawal S, Karcher D, Moratti F, Kroop X, Bock R. Expression strategies for the efficient synthesis of antimicrobial peptides in plastids. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5856. [PMID: 36195597 PMCID: PMC9532397 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) kill microbes or inhibit their growth and are promising next-generation antibiotics. Harnessing their full potential as antimicrobial agents will require methods for cost-effective large-scale production and purification. Here, we explore the possibility to exploit the high protein synthesis capacity of the chloroplast to produce AMPs in plants. Generating a large series of 29 sets of transplastomic tobacco plants expressing nine different AMPs as fusion proteins, we show that high-level constitutive AMP expression results in deleterious plant phenotypes. However, by utilizing inducible expression and fusions to the cleavable carrier protein SUMO, the cytotoxic effects of AMPs and fused AMPs are alleviated and plants with wild-type-like phenotypes are obtained. Importantly, purified AMP fusion proteins display antimicrobial activity independently of proteolytic removal of the carrier. Our work provides expression strategies for the synthesis of toxic polypeptides in chloroplasts, and establishes transplastomic plants as efficient production platform for antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs P Hoelscher
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Utrecht University, Pharmaceutical sciences, Pharmaceutics, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joachim Forner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Silvia Calderone
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolin Krämer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Zachary Taylor
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - F Vanessa Loiacono
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Shreya Agrawal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Neoplants, 630 Rue Noetzlin Bâtiment, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Daniel Karcher
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Fabio Moratti
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Xenia Kroop
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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4
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Ali E, LaPointe G. Modulation of Virulence Gene Expression in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica typhimurium by Synthetic Milk-Derived Peptides. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:690-698. [PMID: 35380388 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09936-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of milk proteins produces valuable bioactive peptides, some of which show antivirulence activity. In this study, five synthetic milk-derived peptides (β-LG f(9-18), β-CN f(5-15), β-CN f(17-27), β-CN f(94-106), and β-CN f(129-137)) were shown to decrease the expression of virulence genes in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica typhimurium when tested at four concentrations (0.02, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/ml). A mixture of these synthetic peptides at concentrations of 0.02 and 0.2 mg/ml each significantly downregulated the expression of both hilA and ssrB virulence genes in Salmonella typhimurium after a 3-h incubation. Individually, β-CN f(17-27) at 0.02 mg/ml caused a significant decrease in both hilA and ssrB gene expressions. These results suggest a synergistic interaction between bioactive peptides. Depending on dose and amino acid sequence, these five peptides were able to affect the expression of some virulence genes in Salmonella typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Ali
- Food Hygiene Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour El-Beheira, 22511, Egypt
| | - Gisèle LaPointe
- Department of Food Science, Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Duong L, Gross SP, Siryaporn A. Developing Antimicrobial Synergy With AMPs. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 3:640981. [PMID: 35047912 PMCID: PMC8757689 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.640981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been extensively studied due to their vast natural abundance and ability to kill microbes. In an era critically lacking in new antibiotics, manipulating AMPs for therapeutic application is a promising option. However, bacterial pathogens resistant to AMPs remain problematic. To improve AMPs antimicrobial efficacy, their use in conjunction with other antimicrobials has been proposed. How might this work? AMPs kill bacteria by forming pores in bacterial membranes or by inhibiting bacterial macromolecular functions. What remains unknown is the duration for which AMPs keep bacterial pores open, and the extent to which bacteria can recover by repairing these pores. In this mini-review, we discuss various antimicrobial synergies with AMPs. Such synergies might arise if the antimicrobial agents helped to keep bacterial pores open for longer periods of time, prevented pore repair, perturbed bacterial intracellular functions at greater levels, or performed other independent bacterial killing mechanisms. We first discuss combinations of AMPs, and then focus on histones, which have antimicrobial activity and co-localize with AMPs on lipid droplets and in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Recent work has demonstrated that histones can enhance AMP-induced membrane permeation. It is possible that histones, histone fragments, and histone-like peptides could amplify the antimicrobial effects of AMPs, giving rise to antimicrobial synergy. If so, clarifying these mechanisms will thus improve our overall understanding of the antimicrobial processes and potentially contribute to improved drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leora Duong
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Steven P Gross
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Albert Siryaporn
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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6
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Sharma A, Gaur A, Kumar V, Sharma N, Patil SA, Verma RK, Singh AK. Antimicrobial activity of synthetic antimicrobial peptides loaded in poly-Ɛ-caprolactone nanoparticles against mycobacteria and their functional synergy with rifampicin. Int J Pharm 2021; 608:121097. [PMID: 34534632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) treatment has become a challenge because of the natural presence of multilayered cell wall rich in lipids which restrict antibiotic permeability within the bacteria. The development of mutations conferring resistance has aggravated the situation. Consequently, maximum pharmaceutical efforts are required to improve the treatment, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with antimycobacterial activity can be exploited as a new treatment strategy against TB. The synergistic interaction between conventional antibiotics and AMPs has broadened its application landscape. To overcome peptide instability and bioavailability issues, encapsulation of these bioactive in biocompatible polymers was adopted. In this study, the effect of synthetic AMPs HHC-8 [KIWWWWRKR] and MM-10 [MLLKKLLKKM] encapsulated in poly (ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles (PCL-NPs) was evaluated against mycobacteria using REMA (Resazurin Microtiter Assay Plate) technique. PCL encapsulation allowed us to load the required amount of peptides, i.e. HHC-8 and MM-10, with an efficiency of ∼ 18.9 ± 5.24 and ∼ 21.1 ± 6.19 % respectively, and sphere size was around 376.5 ± 14.9 nm and 289.87 ± 17.98 nm for PCL-HHC-8-NPs and PCL-MM-10-NPs, respectively. Minimal degradation and sustained release of peptides from nanoparticles improved antimicrobial activity, decreasing the MIC50 from 75 µg/ml to 18.75 µg/ml against M. smegmatis and from 75 µg/ml to 9 µg/ml against M. tuberculosis, respectively. The combinatorial MIC assays of encapsulated AMP with rifampicin antibiotics against M. smegmatis showed synergism between AMP-PCL-NPs and antibiotics with fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) around ∼ 0.09. The combinations of AMP NPs also demonstrated synergy against the mycobacteria. Our findings suggest that enhanced efficacy is due to protection offered by AMPs encapsulation resulting in augmentation of membrane permeation by AMPs and enhanced accumulation of antibiotics within mycobacteria resulting in synergy. The study findings might assist in the preclinical development of AMP for the fight against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sharma
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Lab, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Aparna Gaur
- Experimental Animal Facility, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra 282004, India
| | - Vimal Kumar
- Experimental Animal Facility, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra 282004, India
| | - Neelesh Sharma
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & A.H., Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, R.S. Pura, Jammu, J&K, India
| | - Shripad A Patil
- Experimental Animal Facility, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra 282004, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Verma
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Lab, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Experimental Animal Facility, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Tajganj, Agra 282004, India.
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7
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8
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Mori DI, Schurr MJ, Nair DP. Selective Inhibition of Streptococci Biofilm Growth via a Hydroxylated Azobenzene Coating. ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES 2020; 7:1902149. [PMID: 33575161 PMCID: PMC7872137 DOI: 10.1002/admi.201902149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Strategies to engineer surfaces that can enable the selective inhibition of bacterial pathogens while preserving beneficial microbes can serve as tools to precisely edit the microbiome. In the oral microbiome, this selectivity is crucial in preventing the proliferation of cariogenic species such as Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). In this communication, coatings consisting of a covalently tethered hydroxylated azobenzene (OH-AAZO) on glassy acrylic resins are studied and characterized for their ability to selectively prevent the attachment and growth of oral Streptococci biofilms. The coating applied on the surface of glassy resins inhibits the growth and proliferation of cariogenic S. mutans and S. oralis biofilms while A. actinomycetemcomitans, S. aureus, and E. coli biofilms are unaffected by the coating . The antibacterial effect is characterized as a function of both the OH-AAZO concentration in the coatings (≥50 mg mL-1) and the structure of the monomer in the coating. Preliminary mechanistic results suggest that the targeted bactericidal effect against Streptococci species is caused by a disruption of membrane ion potential, inducing cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan I Mori
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael J Schurr
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Devatha P Nair
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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9
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Design, synthesis and valued properties of surfactin oversimplified analogues. Amino Acids 2019; 52:25-33. [PMID: 31781907 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02806-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Surfactins are important lipopeptides produced by Bacillus subtilis that present strong surface activity. These biosurfactants find applications in various fields, from environmental remediation to medicine. The use of surfactins in remediation is hampered by production costs; the medical applications are also reframed because of the hemolytic activity of the cyclic peptide. To reduce costs and working time, the present work focused on the design, chemical synthesis and characterization of simple linear variants of surfactins having only L-amino acids and lauric acid at the N-terminal. Carboxyl-free and amidated analogues with negative, null and positive net charges at physiological pH were successfully obtained. The synthetic isoforms of surfactins showed high surface activity and ability to inhibit both growth and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans cells. Therefore, these properties make these low-cost synthetic peptides relevant and promising new compounds for science, industry and, mainly, dental care.
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10
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Chitosan hydrogel containing amelogenin-derived peptide: Inhibition of cariogenic bacteria and promotion of remineralization of initial caries lesions. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 100:42-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Lugo JM, Tafalla C, Oliva A, Pons T, Oliva B, Aquilino C, Morales R, Estrada MP. Evidence for antimicrobial and anticancer activity of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) from North African catfish (Clarias gariepinus): Its potential use as novel therapeutic agent in fish and humans. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:559-570. [PMID: 30481557 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a regulatory neuropeptide that belongs to the secretin/glucagon superfamily, of which some members have shown antimicrobial activities. Contrasting to mammals, published studies on the action of PACAP in non-mammalian vertebrate immune system remain scarce. Some of our recent studies added this peptide to the growing list of mediators that allow cross-talk between the nervous, endocrine and immune systems in teleost fish. Regulation of PACAP and expression of its receptor genes has been demonstrated during an immune response mounted against acute bacterial infection in fish, though the direct effect of PACAP against fish pathogenic bacteria has never been addressed. Current work provides evidence of antimicrobial activity of Clarias gariepinus PACAP against a wide spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungi of interest for human medicine and aquaculture, in which computational prediction studies supported the putative PACAP therapeutic activity. Results also indicated that catfish PACAP not only exhibits inhibitory effects on pathogen growth, but also affects the proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer cell line H460 in a dose-dependent manner. The observed cytotoxic activity of catfish PACAP against human tumor cells and pathogenic microorganisms, but not healthy fish and mammalian erythrocytes support a potential physiological role of this neuropeptide in selective microbial and cancer cell killing. All together, our findings extend the mechanisms by which PACAP could contribute to immune responses, and open up new avenues for future therapeutic application of this bioactive neuropeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Maria Lugo
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Aquatic Biotechnology Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, 10600, Cuba; Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ayme Oliva
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Veterinary Clinical Research Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Tirso Pons
- Structural Biology and BioComputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Brizaida Oliva
- Pharmaceutical Department. Laboratory of Cancer Biology. Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Carolina Aquilino
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Center (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130, Madrid, Spain
| | - Reynold Morales
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Aquatic Biotechnology Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - Mario Pablo Estrada
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Aquatic Biotechnology Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, 10600, Cuba.
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12
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Chen Z, Yang G, Lu S, Chen D, Fan S, Xu J, Wu B, He J. Design and antimicrobial activities of LL-37 derivatives inhibiting the formation of Streptococcus mutans
biofilm. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 93:1175-1185. [PMID: 30635992 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- Department of Stomatology; Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Guang Yang
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Shengsheng Lu
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Daiwei Chen
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Sheng Fan
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Junyang Xu
- Department of Stomatology; Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Buling Wu
- Department of Stomatology; Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jian He
- Group of Peptides and Natural Products Research; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
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13
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A Drug Repositioning Approach Reveals that Streptococcus mutans Is Susceptible to a Diverse Range of Established Antimicrobials and Nonantibiotics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 62:AAC.01674-17. [PMID: 29061736 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01674-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is the primary causative agent of dental caries and contributes to the multispecies biofilm known as dental plaque. An adenylate kinase-based assay was optimized for S. mutans to detect cell lysis when exposed to the Selleck library (Selleck Chemical, Houston, TX) of 853 FDA-approved drugs in, to our knowledge, the first high-throughput drug screen in S. mutans We found 126 drugs with activity against S. mutans planktonic cultures, and they were classified into six categories: antibacterials (61), antineoplastics (23), ion channel effectors (9), other antimicrobials (7), antifungals (6), and other (20). These drugs were also tested for activity against S. mutans biofilm cultures, and 24 compounds were found to inhibit biofilm formation, 6 killed preexisting biofilms, 84 exhibited biofilm inhibition and killing activity, and 12 had no activity against biofilms. The activities of 9 selected compounds that exhibited antimicrobial activity were further characterized for their activity against S. mutans planktonic and biofilm cultures. Together, our results suggest that S. mutans exhibits a susceptibility profile to a diverse array of established and novel antibacterials.
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Huo L, Huang X, Ling J, Liu H, Liu J. Selective activities of STAMPs against Streptococcus mutans. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:1886-1893. [PMID: 29434779 PMCID: PMC5776616 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to design, synthesize and screen specifically targeted antimicrobial peptides (STAMPs) that can selectively kill Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in the biofilm, and to detect protein metabolism, in order to investigate the mechanism of the antibacterial functions of STAMPs against S. mutans. A series of STAMPs were synthesized, and their effects on the selective antibacterial activity of S. mutans on single species and multi-species biofilms under the condition of the planktonic state were studied. The total protein of S. mutans was extracted before and after C11H, and matrix-assisted laser adsorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry identification was performed. The antibacterial activity on planktonic S. mutans was increased 3- to 4-fold via C8H, C11H, C12H, C13H, and C14H compared with hLF1-11 (H) alone, and there was no difference between Streptococcus gordonii (S. gordonii) and Streptococcus sanguis (S. sanguis). C8H, C11H, C12H, C13H, and C14H had significant inhibitory effects on the growth of S. mutans biofilm, but there were no significant effects on S. gordonii and S. sanguis biofilms. The number of S. mutans in biofilm decreased at 4 h after C8H, C11H, C12H, C13H and C14H and C8, C11, C12, C13 and C14 had no effect on the growth of planktonic and biofilm states of S. mutans, S. gordonii and S. sanguis species. C11H and C12H exhibited the most obvious effects, followed by C13H and C14H, and then C8H. A total of 21 protein spots with a mean change ratio of 1.5 were identified, all of which were downregulated after C11H. A total of 19 proteins were successfully identified, including cell cycle-relative proteins, nucleic acid metabolism-related enzymes and proteins, virulence factors, protein biosynthesis and regulation, proteins involved in energy metabolism, and proteins with unknown function. In the present study, STAMPs with selective antibacterial activity against S. mutans grown in planktonic or biofilm states but without obvious effects on oral Streptococci and multi-species biofilm were successfully designed and synthesized. Differential protein expression before and after C11H was identified. The mechanism of the antibacterial function was also discussed. Results of the present study laid the foundation for application of STAMPs in the prevention and treatment of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Huo
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xiangya Huang
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guandong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Junqi Ling
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guandong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guandong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guandong 510055, P.R. China
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15
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Koh JJ, Lin S, Beuerman RW, Liu S. Recent advances in synthetic lipopeptides as anti-microbial agents: designs and synthetic approaches. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1653-1677. [PMID: 28823054 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2476-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases impose serious public health burdens and continue to be a global public health crisis. The treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens is challenging because only a few viable therapeutic options are clinically available. The emergence and risk of drug-resistant superbugs and the dearth of new classes of antibiotics have drawn increasing awareness that we may return to the pre-antibiotic era. To date, lipopeptides have been received considerable attention because of the following properties: They exhibit potent antimicrobial activities against a broad spectrum of pathogens, rapid bactericidal activity and have a different antimicrobial action compared with most of the conventional antibiotics used today and very slow development of drug resistance tendency. In general, lipopeptides can be structurally classified into two parts: a hydrophilic peptide moiety and a hydrophobic fatty acyl chain. To date, a significant amount of design and synthesis of lipopeptides have been done to improve the therapeutic potential of lipopeptides. This review will present the current knowledge and the recent research in design and synthesis of new lipopeptides and their derivatives in the last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Koh
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Shuimu Lin
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Roger W Beuerman
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
- SRP Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Shouping Liu
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
- SRP Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
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16
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Lai PK, Kaznessis YN. Free Energy Calculations of Microcin J25 Variants Binding to the FhuA Receptor. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:3413-3423. [PMID: 28622469 PMCID: PMC9481273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Computer simulations were performed to study the antimicrobial peptide microcin J25 (MJ25), a 21-mer peptide with an unusual lasso structure and high activity against Gram-negative bacteria. MJ25 has intracellular targets. The initial step of MJ25 acquisition in bacterial cells is binding to the outer-membrane receptor FhuA. Molecular dynamics simulations were implemented to study the binding mechanism of MJ25 to FhuA and to search for important binding residues. The absolute binding free energy calculated from combined free energy perturbation and thermodynamic integration methods agrees well with experimental data. In addition, computational mutation analysis revealed that His5 is the key residue responsible for MJ25 and FhuA association. We found that the number of hydrogen bonds is essential for binding of MJ25 to FhuA. This atomistic, quantitative insight sheds light on the mechanism of action of MJ25 and may pave a path for designing active MJ25 analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Kuang Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Yiannis N. Kaznessis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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17
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18
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Design of a hydroxyapatite-binding antimicrobial peptide with improved retention and antibacterial efficacy for oral pathogen control. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38410. [PMID: 27910930 PMCID: PMC5133556 DOI: 10.1038/srep38410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling and reducing the formation of pathogenic biofilm on tooth surface is the key to the prevention and treatment of the biofilm-associated oral diseases. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), considered as possible future alternatives for conventional antibiotics, have been extensively studied for the control of bacterial infection. Due to the rapid dilution and degradation by human saliva, AMP preparations designed for oral use with longer retention and higher efficacy are in urgent need. To this end, a hydroxyapatite (HAp)-binding antimicrobial peptide (HBAMP), which is based on the fusion of a specific HAp-binding heptapeptide (HBP7) domain and a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide (KSLW) domain, has been developed in our laboratory. HBAMP was supposed to form a contact-active antibacterial interface on tooth surface to inhibit the formation of biofilms. In this study, we investigated its binding behaviour, antibacterial activity against bacteria in both planktonic and sessile states, enzymatic stability in human saliva, and cytocompatibility to human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Our findings suggest that HBAMP could adsorb on tooth surface to provide effective antibacterial activity with improved retention. This study provides a proof-of-concept on using conjugated molecules to promote antibacterial efficacy by synergistically actions of HBAMP free in solution and bound on tooth surface.
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19
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Kim H, Jang JH, Kim SC, Cho JH. Enhancement of the antimicrobial activity and selectivity of GNU7 against Gram-negative bacteria by fusion with LPS-targeting peptide. Peptides 2016; 82:60-66. [PMID: 27242337 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) provide a potential source of new antimicrobial therapeutics for the treatment of multidrug-resistant pathogens. To develop Gram-negative selective AMPs that can inhibit the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis, we added various rationally designed LPS-targeting peptides [amino acids 28-34 of lactoferrin (Lf28-34), amino acids 84-99 of bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI84-99), and de novo peptide (Syn)] to the potent AMP, GNU7 (RLLRPLLQLLKQKLR). Compared to our original starting peptide GNU7, hybrid peptides had an 8- to 32-fold improvement in antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Among them, Syn-GNU7 showed the strongest LPS-binding and -neutralizing activities, thus allowing it to selectively eliminate Gram-negative bacteria from within mixed cultures. Our results suggest that LPS-targeting peptides would be useful to increase the antimicrobial activity and selectivity of other AMPs against Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kim
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Ju Hye Jang
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Sun Chang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Cho
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea; Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea.
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20
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Tu H, Fan Y, Lv X, Han S, Zhou X, Zhang L. Activity of Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptide GH12 against Oral Streptococci. Caries Res 2016; 50:48-61. [PMID: 26859135 DOI: 10.1159/000442898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the growth of cariogenic microorganisms such as oral streptococci is an adjunct therapy for caries-active individuals to prevent and treat caries. Here we investigated the antimicrobial activity of the synthetic amphipathic α- helical antimicrobial peptide GH12 (GLLWHLLHHLLH-NH2) against oral streptococci in vitro. Circular dichroism studies showed that GH12 takes on an α-helical conformation in the presence of membrane-mimicking solvents, and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography studies showed that GH12 remains stable in saliva. The peptide showed bactericidal activity against oral streptococci, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 6.7 to 32.0 μg/ml. GH12 concentrations 4-fold higher than the minimum bactericidal concentration completely killed oral streptococci within 20 min. Treating oral streptococci with GH12 caused noticeable changes in bacterial viability and morphology based on confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Effects of GH12 on biofilm formation and on viability of mature biofilm were quantified by crystal violet staining and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. GH12 effectively inhibited biofilm formation and metabolic activity in biofilms of oral streptococci, especially S. mutans, S. sobrinus and S. salivarius. These results suggest that GH12 shows rapid and strong antimicrobial activity against oral streptococci in vitro, opening the door to preclinical and clinical studies to explore its potential for caries prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxin Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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21
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Combination Effects of Antimicrobial Peptides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:1717-24. [PMID: 26729502 PMCID: PMC4775937 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02434-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are ancient and conserved across the tree of life. Their efficacy over evolutionary time has been largely attributed to their mechanisms of killing. Yet, the understanding of their pharmacodynamics both in vivo and in vitro is very limited. This is, however, crucial for applications of AMPs as drugs and also informs the understanding of the action of AMPs in natural immune systems. Here, we selected six different AMPs from different organisms to test their individual and combined effects in vitro. We analyzed their pharmacodynamics based on the Hill function and evaluated the interaction of combinations of two and three AMPs. Interactions of AMPs in our study were mostly synergistic, and three-AMP combinations displayed stronger synergism than two-AMP combinations. This suggests synergism to be a common phenomenon in AMP interaction. Additionally, AMPs displayed a sharp increase in killing within a narrow dose range, contrasting with those of antibiotics. We suggest that our results could lead a way toward better evaluation of AMP application in practice and shed some light on the evolutionary consequences of antimicrobial peptide interactions within the immune system of organisms.
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22
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Bahar AA, Liu Z, Garafalo M, Kallenbach N, Ren D. Controlling Persister and Biofilm Cells of Gram-Negative Bacteria with a New 1,3,5-Triazine Derivative. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2015; 8:696-710. [PMID: 26473884 PMCID: PMC4695806 DOI: 10.3390/ph8040696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria have been on the rise. This important issue presents a great challenge to the healthcare system and creates an urgent need for alternative therapeutic agents. As a potential solution to this problem, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted increasing attention due to their broad spectrum of targeted microbes. However, most AMPs are expensive to synthesize, have relatively high cytotoxicity to mammalian cells, and are susceptible to proteolytic degradation. In order to overcome these limitations, novel synthetic AMPs are desired. Using 1,3,5-triazine (TN) as a template, several combinatorial libraries with varying cationic charge and lipophilicity were designed and screened by the Kallenbach lab. From this screening, TN-5 was identified as a potent lead. In the present study, this compound was tested for its antimicrobial activities on Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition to regular planktonic cells, the effects on biofilms and persister cells (metabolically inactive and antibiotic tolerant subpopulation) were also investigated. TN-5 was found to have a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.8 μM for both species and kill regular planktonic cells of both species dose dependently. TN-5 is also effective against persister cells of both E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The killing of biofilm cells of the mucoid P. aeruginosa PDO300 was enhanced by alginate lyase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Adem Bahar
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
| | - Meagan Garafalo
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
| | | | - Dacheng Ren
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
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23
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Synthetic dendrimeric peptide active against biofilm and persister cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:8125-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6645-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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24
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Antimicrobial activity of peptides derived from olive flounder lipopolysaccharide binding protein/bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (LBP/BPI). Mar Drugs 2014; 12:5240-57. [PMID: 25329706 PMCID: PMC4210897 DOI: 10.3390/md12105240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the antimicrobial function of peptides derived from the C-terminus of the olive flounder LBP BPI precursor protein. The investigated peptides, namely, ofLBP1N, ofLBP2A, ofLBP4N, ofLBP5A, and ofLBP6A, formed α-helical structures, showing significant antimicrobial activity against several Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and the yeast Candida albicans, but very limited hemolytic activities. The biological activities of these five analogs were evaluated against biomembranes or artificial membranes for the development of candidate therapeutic agents. Gel retardation studies revealed that peptides bound to DNA and inhibited migration on an agarose gel. In addition, we demonstrated that ofLBP6A inhibited polymerase chain reaction. These results suggested that the ofLBP-derived peptide bactericidal mechanism may be related to the interaction with intracellular components such as DNA or polymerase.
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25
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Fang Y, Zhong W, Wang Y, Xun T, Lin D, Liu W, Wang J, Lv L, Liu S, He J. Tuning the antimicrobial pharmacophore to enable discovery of short lipopeptides with multiple modes of action. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 83:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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26
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Campos-Salinas J, Cavazzuti A, O'Valle F, Forte-Lago I, Caro M, Beverley SM, Delgado M, Gonzalez-Rey E. Therapeutic efficacy of stable analogues of vasoactive intestinal peptide against pathogens. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:14583-99. [PMID: 24706753 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.560573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is an anti-inflammatory neuropeptide recently identified as a potential antimicrobial peptide. To overcome the metabolic limitations of VIP, we modified the native peptide sequence and generated two stable synthetic analogues (VIP51 and VIP51(6-30)) with better antimicrobial profiles. Herein we investigate the effects of both VIP analogues on cell viability, membrane integrity, and ultrastructure of various bacterial strains and Leishmania species. We found that the two VIP derivatives kill various non-pathogenic and pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as the parasite Leishmania major through a mechanism that depends on the interaction with certain components of the microbial surface, the formation of pores, and the disruption of the surface membrane. The cytotoxicity of the VIP derivatives is specific for pathogens, because they do not affect the viability of mammalian cells. Docking simulations indicate that the chemical changes made in the analogues are critical to increase their antimicrobial activities. Consequently, we found that the native VIP is less potent as an antibacterial and fails as a leishmanicidal. Noteworthy from a therapeutic point of view is that treatment with both derivatives increases the survival and reduces bacterial load and inflammation in mice with polymicrobial sepsis. Moreover, treatment with VIP51(6-30) is very effective at reducing lesion size and parasite burden in a model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. These results indicate that the VIP analogues emerge as attractive alternatives for treating drug-resistant infectious diseases and provide key insights into a rational design of novel agents against these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Cavazzuti
- From the Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine, CSIC, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Francisco O'Valle
- the Department of Pathological Anatomy, Medical School of Granada, Granada 18012, Spain
| | - Irene Forte-Lago
- From the Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine, CSIC, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Marta Caro
- From the Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine, CSIC, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Stephen M Beverley
- the Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, and
| | - Mario Delgado
- From the Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine, CSIC, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Elena Gonzalez-Rey
- From the Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine, CSIC, Granada 18016, Spain, the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Seville, Seville 41009, Spain
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27
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Ding Y, Wang W, Fan M, Tong Z, Kuang R, Jiang W, Ni L. Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effect of Bac8c on major bacteria associated with dental caries and Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Peptides 2014; 52:61-7. [PMID: 24309076 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries is a common oral bacterial infectious disease. Its prevention and treatment requires control of the causative pathogens within dental plaque, especially Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), one of the promising substitutes for conventional antibiotics, have been widely tested and used for controlling bacterial infections. The present study focuses on evaluating the potential of the novel AMPs cyclic bactenecin and its derivatives against bacteria associated with dental caries. The results indicate that Bac8c displayed highest activity against the bacteria tested, whereas both cyclic and linear bactenecin had weak antimicrobial activity. The cytotoxicity assay showed that Bac8c did not cause detectable toxicity at concentrations of 32-128μg/ml for 5min or 32-64μg/ml for 60min. S. mutans and Lactobacillus fermenti treated with Bac8c showed variable effects on bacterial structure via scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. There appeared to be a large amount of extracellular debris and obvious holes on the cell surface, as well as loss of cell wall and nucleoid condensation. The BioFlux system was employed to generate S. mutans biofilms under a controlled flow, which more closely resemble the formation process of natural biofilms. Bac8c remarkably reduced the viability of cells in biofilms formed in the BioFlux system. This phenomenon was further analyzed and verified by real-time PCR results of a significant suppression of the genes involved in S. mutans biofilm formation. Taken together, this study suggests that Bac8c has a potential clinical application in preventing and treating dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Ding
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The 456th Hospital of PLA, Ji'nan City, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongchun Tong
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Kuang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - WenKai Jiang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Longxing Ni
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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28
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Lillehoj PB, Kaplan CW, He J, Shi W, Ho CM. Rapid, Electrical Impedance Detection of Bacterial Pathogens Using Immobilized Antimicrobial Peptides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:42-9. [DOI: 10.1177/2211068213495207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Antimicrobial lactoferrin peptides: the hidden players in the protective function of a multifunctional protein. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDES 2013; 2013:390230. [PMID: 23554820 PMCID: PMC3608178 DOI: 10.1155/2013/390230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin is a multifunctional, iron-binding glycoprotein which displays a wide array of modes of action to execute its primary antimicrobial function. It contains various antimicrobial peptides which are released upon its hydrolysis by proteases. These peptides display a similarity with the antimicrobial cationic peptides found in nature. In the current scenario of increasing resistance to antibiotics, there is a need for the discovery of novel antimicrobial drugs. In this context, the structural and functional perspectives on some of the antimicrobial peptides found in N-lobe of lactoferrin have been reviewed. This paper provides the comparison of lactoferrin peptides with other antimicrobial peptides found in nature as well as interspecies comparison of the structural properties of these peptides within the native lactoferrin.
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30
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Wang W, Tao R, Tong Z, Ding Y, Kuang R, Zhai S, Liu J, Ni L. Effect of a novel antimicrobial peptide chrysophsin-1 on oral pathogens and Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Peptides 2012; 33:212-9. [PMID: 22281025 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries and pulpal diseases are common oral bacterial infectious diseases. Controlling and reducing the causative pathogens, such as Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis, is a key step toward prevention and treatment of the two diseases. Chrysophsin-1 is a cationic antimicrobial peptide having broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial activity of chrysophsin-1 against several oral pathogens and S. mutans biofilms and performed a preliminary study of the antimicrobial mechanism. Cytotoxic activity of chrysophsin-1 against human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) was investigated. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time-kill assay were used to evaluate the killing effect of chrysophsin-1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze morphological and membrane change in oral pathogens. Live/Dead staining, in conjunction with confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM), was used to observe and analyze S. mutans biofilms. MIC and MBC results demonstrated that chrysophsin-1 had different antimicrobial activities against the tested oral microbes. Lysis and pore formation of the cytomembrane were observed following treatment of the bacteria with chrysophsin-1 for 4h or 24h by SEM. Furthermore, CLSM images showed that chrysophsin-1 remarkably reduced the viability of cells within biofilms and had a significantly lethal effect against S. mutans biofilms. Toxicity studies showed that chrysophsin-1 at concentration between 8 μg/ml and 32 μg/ml had little effect on viability of HGFs in 5 min. Our findings suggest that chrysophsin-1 may have potential clinical applications in the prevention and treatment of dental caries and pulpal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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31
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Mai J, Tian XL, Gallant JW, Merkley N, Biswas Z, Syvitski R, Douglas SE, Ling J, Li YH. A novel target-specific, salt-resistant antimicrobial peptide against the cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:5205-13. [PMID: 21844316 PMCID: PMC3194993 DOI: 10.1128/aac.05175-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we constructed and evaluated a target-specific, salt-resistant antimicrobial peptide (AMP) that selectively targeted Streptococcus mutans, a leading cariogenic pathogen. The rationale for creating such a peptide was based on the addition of a targeting domain of S. mutans ComC signaling peptide pheromone (CSP) to a killing domain consisting of a portion of the marine-derived, broad-spectrum AMP pleurocidin to generate a target-specific AMP. Here, we report the results of our assessment of such fusion peptides against S. mutans and two closely related species. The results showed that nearly 95% of S. mutans cells lost viability following exposure to fusion peptide IMB-2 (5.65 μM) for 15 min. In contrast, only 20% of S. sanguinis or S. gordonii cells were killed following the same exposure. Similar results were also observed in dual-species mixed cultures of S. mutans with S. sanguinis or S. gordonii. The peptide-guided killing was further confirmed in S. mutans biofilms and was shown to be dose dependent. An S. mutans mutant defective in the CSP receptor retained 60% survival following exposure to IMB-2, suggesting that the targeted peptide predominantly bound to the CSP receptor to mediate killing in the wild-type strain. Our work confirmed that IMB-2 retained its activity in the presence of physiological or higher salt concentrations. In particular, the fusion peptide showed a synergistic killing effect on S. mutans with a preventive dose of NaF. In addition, IMB-2 was relatively stable in the presence of saliva containing 1 mM EDTA and did not cause any hemolysis. We also found that replacement of serine-14 by histidine improved its activity at lower pH. Because of its effectiveness, salt resistance, and minimal toxicity to host cells, this novel target-specific peptide shows promise for future development as an anticaries agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junni Mai
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Jeffrey W. Gallant
- Institute for Marine Biosciences, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, Canada
| | - Nadine Merkley
- Institute for Marine Biosciences, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, Canada
| | - Zakia Biswas
- Institute for Marine Biosciences, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, Canada
| | - Raymond Syvitski
- Institute for Marine Biosciences, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, Canada
| | - Susan E. Douglas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Institute for Marine Biosciences, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, Canada
| | - Junqi Ling
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yung-Hua Li
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Dobson A, O'Connor PM, Cotter PD, Ross RP, Hill C. Impact of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide, lacticin 3147, on Streptococcus mutans growing in a biofilm and in human saliva. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:1515-23. [PMID: 21923747 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the ability of the broad-spectrum lantibiotic, lacticin 3147, to prevent Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and disrupt existing biofilms. METHODS AND RESULTS Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations of purified lacticin 3147 were determined using a microdilution method. Lacticin 3147 effectively inhibited planktonic Strep. mutans, with MIC of 1.9-3.8 μmol l(-1). Time-kill kinetic studies confirmed that lacticin 3147 exhibited bactericidal activity against Strep. mutans at 38 μmol l(-1) (or 10× MIC). The effect of lacticin 3147 on biofilm formation and reduction was also determined. Exposure to 6.3-μmol l(-1) lacticin 3147 (2× MIC) resulted in substantial reductions in Strep. mutans biofilm formation while lacticin 3147 was less effective against 1-day-old biofilms. Culture-based analyses revealed that lacticin 3147 (50 μmol l(-1)) significantly inhibited Streptococcus spp. present in human saliva (P < 0.05) with an approximate 4-log reduction in viability compared with the control. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that lacticin 3147 may be an effective therapy against Strep. mutans and was shown to substantially attenuate its ability to form a biofilm. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Lacticin 3147 has the potential to be a useful adjunct to traditional oral therapeutic approaches in addition to its use as a bioactive ingredient for food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dobson
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
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Eckert R. Road to clinical efficacy: challenges and novel strategies for antimicrobial peptide development. Future Microbiol 2011; 6:635-51. [PMID: 21707311 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.11.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of magainins, cecropins and defensins 30 years ago, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been hailed as a potential solution to the dearth of novel antibiotic development. AMPs have shown robust activity against a wide variety of pathogens, including drug-resistant bacteria. Unlike small-molecule antibiotics, however, AMPs have failed to translate this success to the clinic. Only the polymyxins, gramicidins, nisin and daptomycin are currently approved for medical use; the latter is the only example to have been developed in the last several decades. Nonetheless, researchers continue to isolate, modify and develop novel AMPs for therapeutic applications. Efforts have focused on increasing stability, reducing cytotoxicity, improving antimicrobial activity and incorporating AMPs in novel formulations, including nanoscale particles. As peptide synthesis and recombinant production methodologies improve, and more relevant bioassays become available, it becomes increasingly likely that AMPs will break the regulatory barrier and enter the marketplace as valuable antimicrobial weapons in the next 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randal Eckert
- C3 Jian, Inc., 423 Hindry Ave, Unit D, Inglewood, CA 90301, USA.
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Nicolas GG, Lavoie MC. [Streptococcus mutans and oral streptococci in dental plaque]. Can J Microbiol 2011; 57:1-20. [PMID: 21217792 DOI: 10.1139/w10-095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The human oral microbial biota represents a highly diverse biofilm. Twenty-five species of oral streptococci inhabit the human oral cavity and represent about 20 % of the total oral bacteria. Taxonomy of these bacteria is complex and remains provisional. Oral streptococci encompass friends and foes bacteria. Each species has developed specific properties for colonizing the different oral sites subjected to constantly changing conditions, for competing against competitors, and for resisting external agressions (host immune system, physico-chemical shocks, and mechanical frictions). Imbalance in the indigenous microbial biota generates oral diseases, and under proper conditions, commensal streptococci can switch to opportunistic pathogens that initiate disease in and damage to the host. The group of "mutans streptococci" was described as the most important bacteria related to the formation of dental caries. Streptococcus mutans, although naturally present among the human oral microbiota, is the microbial species most strongly associated with carious lesions. This minireview describes the oral streptococci ecology and their biofilm life style by focusing on the mutans group, mainly S. mutans. Virulence traits, interactions in the biofilm, and influence of S. mutans in dental caries etiology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume G Nicolas
- Département de biochimie microbiologie et bioinformatique, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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Selective membrane disruption: mode of action of C16G2, a specifically targeted antimicrobial peptide. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:3446-52. [PMID: 21518845 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00342-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The specifically targeted antimicrobial peptide (STAMP) C16G2 was developed to target the cariogenic oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans. Because the design of this peptide was novel, we sought to better understand the mechanism through which it functioned. Compared to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with wide spectra of activity, the STAMP C16G2 has demonstrated specificity for S. mutans in a mixed-culture environment, resulting in the complete killing of S. mutans while having minimal effect on the other streptococci. In the current study, we sought to further confirm the selectivity of C16G2 and also compare its membrane activity to that of melittin B, a classical toxic AMP, in order to determine the STAMP's mechanism of cell killing. Disruption of S. mutans cell membranes by C16G2 was demonstrated by increased SYTOX green uptake and ATP efflux from the cells similar to those of melittin B. Treatment with C16G2 also resulted in a loss of membrane potential as measured by DiSC(3)5 fluorescence. In comparison, the individual moieties of C16G2 demonstrated no specificity and limited antimicrobial activity compared to those of the STAMP C16G2. The data suggest that C16G2 has a mechanism of action similar to that of traditional AMPs and kills S. mutans through disruption of the cell membrane, allowing small molecules to leak out of the cell, which is followed by a loss of membrane potential and cell death. Interestingly, this membrane activity is rapid and potent against S. mutans, but not other noncariogenic oral streptococci.
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Song ZC, Zhu HL. Targeted antimicrobial moieties (WO2010080819): patent evaluation. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:593-600. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.560571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Scognamiglio PL, Doti N, Grieco P, Pedone C, Ruvo M, Marasco D. Discovery of Small Peptide Antagonists of PED/PEA15-D4α Interaction from Simplified Combinatorial Libraries. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 77:319-27. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kunze B, Reck M, Dötsch A, Lemme A, Schummer D, Irschik H, Steinmetz H, Wagner-Döbler I. Damage of Streptococcus mutans biofilms by carolacton, a secondary metabolite from the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum. BMC Microbiol 2010; 10:199. [PMID: 20659313 PMCID: PMC2915981 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus mutans is a major pathogen in human dental caries. One of its important virulence properties is the ability to form biofilms (dental plaque) on tooth surfaces. Eradication of such biofilms is extremely difficult. We therefore screened a library of secondary metabolites from myxobacteria for their ability to damage biofilms of S. mutans. Results Here we show that carolacton, a secondary metabolite isolated from Sorangium cellulosum, has high antibacterial activity against biofilms of S. mutans. Planktonic growth of bacteria was only slightly impaired and no acute cytotoxicity against mouse fibroblasts could be observed. Carolacton caused death of S. mutans biofilm cells, elongation of cell chains, and changes in cell morphology. At a concentration of 10 nM carolacton, biofilm damage was already at 35% under anaerobic conditions. A knock-out mutant for comD, encoding a histidine kinase specific for the competence stimulating peptide (CSP), was slightly less sensitive to carolacton than the wildtype. Expression of the competence related alternate sigma factor ComX was strongly reduced by carolacton, as determined by a pcomX luciferase reporter strain. Conclusions Carolacton possibly interferes with the density dependent signalling systems in S. mutans and may represent a novel approach for the prevention of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Kunze
- Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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Systematic approach to optimizing specifically targeted antimicrobial peptides against Streptococcus mutans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:2143-51. [PMID: 20211885 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01391-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we reported a novel strategy of "targeted killing" through the design of narrow-spectrum molecules known as specifically targeted antimicrobial peptides (STAMPs) (R. Eckert et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50:3651-3657, 2006; R. Eckert et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50:1480-1488, 2006). Construction of these molecules requires the identification and the subsequent utilization of two conjoined yet functionally independent peptide components: the targeting and killing regions. In this study, we sought to design and synthesize a large number of STAMPs targeting Streptococcus mutans, the primary etiologic agent of human dental caries, in order to identify candidate peptides with increased killing speed and selectivity compared with their unmodified precursor antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). We hypothesized that a combinatorial approach, utilizing a set number of AMP, targeting, and linker regions, would be an effective method for the identification of STAMPs with the desired level of activity. STAMPs composed of the Sm6 S. mutans binding peptide and the PL-135 AMP displayed selectivity at MICs after incubation for 18 to 24 h. A STAMP where PL-135 was replaced by the B-33 killing domain exhibited both selectivity and rapid killing within 1 min of exposure and displayed activity against multispecies biofilms grown in the presence of saliva. These results suggest that potent and selective STAMP molecules can be designed and improved via a tunable "building-block" approach.
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Li Q, Zhou Y, Dong K, Guo X. Potential therapeutic efficacy of a bactericidal-immunomodulatory fusion peptide against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infection. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 86:305-9. [PMID: 19862511 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2009] [Revised: 10/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To enhance the potential therapeutic efficacy of an antimicrobial peptide human beta-defensin 3, two fusion peptides, a bactericidal-immunomodulatory fusion peptide human beta-defensin 3-mannose-binding lectin and a bactericidal-bactericidal fusion peptide human beta-defensin 3-lysozyme were synthesized and the bactericidal activities in vitro and in vivo against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N315 were demonstrated in this study. Peptide human beta-defensin 3-lysozyme showed the best bactericidal activity in vitro, but human beta-defensin 3-mannose-binding lectin showed a significant improvement in angiogenesis and tissue reconstruction. Our results illustrated that outstanding bactericidal activity in vitro is not essential in the development of antimicrobial peptides. Fusion strategy and immunomodulatory factors should be utilized in novel antimicrobial peptide development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtian Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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He J, Anderson MH, Shi W, Eckert R. Design and activity of a 'dual-targeted' antimicrobial peptide. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009; 33:532-7. [PMID: 19188046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Numerous reports have indicated the important role of human normal flora in the prevention of microbial pathogenesis and disease. Evidence suggests that infections at mucosal surfaces result from the outgrowth of subpopulations or clusters within a microbial community and are not linked to one pathogenic organism alone. To preserve the protective normal flora whilst treating the majority of infective bacteria in the community, a tuneable therapeutic is necessary that can discriminate between benign bystanders and multiple pathogenic organisms. Here we describe the proof-of-principle for such a multitargeted antimicrobial: a multiple-headed specifically targeted antimicrobial peptide (MH-STAMP). The completed MH-STAMP, M8(KH)-20, displays specific activity against targeted organisms in vitro (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus mutans) and can remove both species from a mixed planktonic culture with little impact against untargeted bacteria. These results demonstrate that a functional, dual-targeted molecule can be constructed from a wide-spectrum antimicrobial peptide precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Mattila JP, Sabatini K, Kinnunen PKJ. Oxidized phospholipids as potential molecular targets for antimicrobial peptides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2008; 1778:2041-50. [PMID: 18440299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of oxidatively modified phospholipids on the association with model biomembranes of four antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), temporin B and L, indolicidin, and LL-37(F27W) were studied by Langmuir balance and fluorescence spectroscopy. In keeping with previous reports the negatively charged phospholipid phosphatidylglycerol (PG) enhanced the intercalation of all four peptides into lipid monolayers and liposomal bilayers under low ionic strength conditions. Interestingly, similar effect was observed for 1-palmitoyl-2-(9'-oxo-nonanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PoxnoPC), a zwitterionic oxidized phospholipid bearing an aldehyde function at the end of its truncated sn-2 acyl chain. Instead, the structurally similar 1-palmitoyl-2-azelaoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PazePC) containing a carboxylic moiety was less efficient in promoting the membrane association of these peptides. Physiological saline reduced the binding of the above peptides to membranes containing PG, whereas interactions with PoxnoPC were found to be insensitive to ionic strength. Notably, membrane intercalation of temporin L, the most surface active of the above peptides could be into PoxnoPC containing monolayers was strongly attenuated by methoxyamine, suggesting the importance of Schiff base formation between peptide amino groups and the lipid aldehyde function. PoxnoPC and similar aldehyde bearing oxidatively modified phospholipids could represent novel molecular targets for AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha-Pekka Mattila
- Helsinki Biophysics and Biomembrane Group, Institute of Biomedicine/Medical Biochemistry, P.O. Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Kreth J, Kim D, Nguyen M, Hsiao G, Mito R, Kang MK, Chugal N, Shi W. The Antimicrobial Effect of Silver Ion Impregnation into Endodontic Sealer against Streptococcus mutans. Open Dent J 2008; 2:18-23. [PMID: 19088878 PMCID: PMC2581525 DOI: 10.2174/1874210600802010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulpal and periradicular diseases are primarily caused by bacterial invasion of the root canal system as a result of caries progression. The presence of residual bacteria at the time of root canal completion (obturation) is associated with significantly higher rate of treatment failure. Re-infection of obturated root canals can be potentially prevented by enhancing the antibacterial activities of root canal obturation materials. We evaluated, in an in vitro model, the antimicrobial efficacy of silver ions added to a common endodontic sealer. For that purpose we performed growth inhibition studies and bacterial viability tests. We measured the zone of inhibition, optical density and performed confocal laser scanning microscopy. Our results show that the silver ions enhance the antimicrobial activity of the root canal sealer against Streptococcus mutans. This study approach may hold promise for studying other biologically based therapies and therefore increasing the success rate of routine orthograde root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kreth
- UMN School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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