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Drug resistance in leprosy: an update following 70 years of chemotherapy. Infect Dis Now 2022; 52:243-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sharma M, Singh P. Repurposing Drugs to Combat Drug Resistance in Leprosy: A Review of Opportunities. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:1578-1586. [PMID: 34620073 DOI: 10.2174/1386207325666211007110638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Leprosy is caused by extremely slow-growing and uncultivated mycobacterial pathogens, namely Mycobacterium leprae and M. lepromatosis. Nearly 95% of the new cases of leprosy recorded globally are found in India, Brazil, and 20 other priority countries [WHO, 2019], of which nearly two-thirds of the cases are reported in India alone. Currently, leprosy is treated with dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine, also known as multi-drug therapy [MDT], as per the recommendations of WHO since 1981. Still, the number of new leprosy cases recorded globally has remained constant in the last one-decade ,and resistance to multiple drugs has been documented in various parts of the world, even though relapses are rare in patients treated with MDT. Antimicrobial resistance testing against M. leprae or the evaluation of the anti-leprosy activity of new drugs remains a challenge as leprosy bacilli do not grow in vitro. Besides, developing a new drug against leprosy through the conventional drug development process is not economically attractive or viable for pharma companies. Therefore, a promising alternative is the repurposing of existing drugs/approved medications or their derivatives for assessing their anti-leprosy potential. It is an efficient method to identify novel medicinal and therapeutic properties of approved drug molecules. Any combinatorial chemotherapy that combines these repurposed drugs with the existing first-line [MDT] and second-line drugs could improve the bactericidal and synergistic effects against these notorious bacteria and can help in achieving the much-cherished goal of "leprosy-free world". This review highlights novel opportunities for drug repurposing to combat resistance to current therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Sharma
- ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur [MP] 482003. India
| | - Pushpendra Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur [MP] 482003. India
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Abstract
Neuropathy and related disabilities are the major medical consequences of leprosy, which remains a global medical concern. Despite major advances in understanding the mechanisms of M. leprae entry into peripheral nerves, most aspects of the pathogenesis of leprosy neuropathy remain poorly understood. Sensory loss is characteristic of leprosy, but neuropathic pain is sometimes observed. Effective anti-microbial therapy is available, but neuropathy remains a problem especially if diagnosis and treatment are delayed. Currently there is intense interest in post-exposure prophylaxis with single-dose rifampin in endemic areas, as well as with enhanced prophylactic regimens in some situations. Some degree of nerve involvement is seen in all cases and neuritis may occur in the absence of leprosy reactions, but acute neuritis commonly accompanies both Type 1 and Type 2 leprosy reactions and may be difficult to manage. A variety of established as well as new methods for the early diagnosis and assessment of leprosy neuropathy are reviewed. Corticosteroids offer the primary treatment for neuritis and for subclinical neuropathy in leprosy, but success is limited if nerve function impairment is present at the time of diagnosis. A candidate vaccine has shown apparent benefit in preventing nerve injury in the armadillo model. The development of new therapeutics for leprosy neuropathy is greatly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gigi J Ebenezer
- Neurology/Cutaneous Nerve Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, The John G Rangos Bldg, room: 440, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Chauffour A, Morel F, Reibel F, Petrella S, Mayer C, Cambau E, Aubry A. A systematic review of Mycobacterium leprae DNA gyrase mutations and their impact on fluoroquinolone resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 27:1601-1612. [PMID: 34265461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fact that Mycobacterium leprae does not grow in vitro remains a challenge in the survey of its antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Mainly molecular methods are used to diagnose AMR in M. leprae to provide reliable data concerning mutations and their impact. Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are efficient for the treatment of leprosy and the main second-line drugs in case of multidrug resistance. OBJECTIVES This study aimed at performing a systematic review (a) to characterize all DNA gyrase gene mutations described in clinical isolates of M. leprae, (b) to distinguish between those associated with FQ resistance or susceptibility and (c) to delineate a consensus numbering system for M. leprae GyrA and GyrB. DATA SOURCES Data source was PubMed. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Publications reporting genotypic susceptibility-testing methods and gyrase gene mutations in M. leprae clinical strains. RESULTS In 25 studies meeting our inclusion criteria, 2884 M. leprae isolates were analysed (2236 for gyrA only (77%) and 755 for both gyrA and gyrB (26%)): 3.8% of isolates had gyrA mutations (n = 110), mostly at position 91 (n = 75, 68%) and 0.8% gyrB mutations (n = 6). Since we found discrepancies regarding the location of substitutions associated with FQ resistance, we established a consensus numbering system to properly number the mutations. We also designed a 3D model of the M. leprae DNA gyrase to predict the impact of mutations whose role in FQ-susceptibility has not been demonstrated previously. CONCLUSIONS Mutations in DNA gyrase are observed in 4% of the M. leprae clinical isolates. To solve discrepancies among publications and to distinguish between mutations associated with FQ resistance or susceptibility, the consensus numbering system we proposed as well as the 3D model of the M. leprae gyrase for the evaluation of the impact of unknown mutations in FQ resistance, will provide help for resistance surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Chauffour
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Florence Morel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France; AP-HP, Sorbonne-Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, Paris, France
| | - Florence Reibel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France; AP-HP, Sorbonne-Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Biologie, Groupe Hospitalier Nord-Essonne, Site de Longjumeau, Longjumeau, France
| | - Stéphanie Petrella
- Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Claudine Mayer
- Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Cambau
- AP-HP GHU Nord, Service de Mycobactériologie Spécialisée et de Référence, Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Paris Diderot, INSERM, IAME UMR1137, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Aubry
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, Paris, France; AP-HP, Sorbonne-Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, Paris, France.
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Pachanon R, Koide K, Kongsoi S, Ajima N, Kapalamula TF, Nakajima C, Suthienkul O, Suzuki Y. Effectiveness of Fluoroquinolones with Difluoropyridine Derivatives as R1 Groups on the Salmonella DNA Gyrase in the Presence and Absence of Plasmid-Encoded Quinolone Resistance Protein QnrB19. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 27:1412-1419. [PMID: 33835868 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: WQ-3810 has strong inhibitory activity against Salmonella and other fluoroquinolone-resistant pathogens. The unique potentiality of this is attributed to 6-amino-3,5-difluoropyridine-2-yl at R1 group. The aim of this study was to examine WQ-3810 and its derivatives WQ-3334 and WQ-4065 as the new drug candidate for wild-type Salmonella and that carrying QnrB19. Materials and Methods: The half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of WQ-3810, WQ-3334 (Br atom in place of methyl group at R8), and WQ-4065 (6-ethylamino-3,5-difluoropyridine-2-yl in place of 6-amino-3,5-difluoropyridine-2-yl group at R1) in the presence or absence of QnrB19 were assessed by in vitro DNA supercoiling assay utilizing recombinant DNA gyrase and QnrB19. Results: IC50s of WQ-3810, WQ-3334, and WQ-4065 against Salmonella DNA gyrase were 0.031 ± 0.003, 0.068 ± 0.016, and 0.72 ± 0.39 μg/mL, respectively, while QnrB19 increased IC50s of WQ-3810, WQ-3334, and WQ-4065 to 0.44 ± 0.05, 0.92 ± 0.34, and 9.16 ± 2.21 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: WQ-3810 and WQ-3334 showed stronger inhibitory activity against Salmonella Typhimurium DNA gyrases than WQ-4065 even in the presence of QnrB19. The results suggest that 6-amino-3,5-difluoropyridine-2-yl group at R1 is playing an important role and WQ-3810 and WQ-3334 to be good candidates for Salmonella carrying QnrB19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruttana Pachanon
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Koide
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Siriporn Kongsoi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nami Ajima
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Thoko Flav Kapalamula
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, The Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, The Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Pachanon R, Koide K, Kongsoi S, Nakajima C, Kapalamula TF, Suthienkul O, Suzuki Y. Interaction of the plasmid-encoded quinolone resistance protein QnrB19 with Salmonella Typhimurium DNA gyrase. J Infect Chemother 2020; 26:1139-1145. [PMID: 32669211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmid-encoded quinolone resistance protein Qnr is an important factor in bacterial resistance to quinolones. Qnr interacts with DNA gyrase and reduces susceptibility to quinolones. The gene qnr likely spreads rapidly among Enterobacteriaceae via horizontal gene transfer. Though the vast amounts of epidemiological data are available, molecular details of the contribution of QnrB19, the predominant Qnr in Salmonella spp., to the acquisition of quinolone resistance has not yet been understood well. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the role of QnrB19 in quinolone resistance acquisition using recombinant Salmonella Typhimurium DNA gyrases and QnrB19. MATERIALS AND METHODS Recombinant QnrB19 was expressed in E. coli and purified by Ni-NTA agarose column chromatography. DNA supercoiling activities of recombinant Salmonella Typhimurium DNA gyrase were assessed with or without QnrB19 under the existence of three quinolones to measure IC50s, the concentration of each quinolone required for 50% inhibition in vitro. RESULTS The IC50s of norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid against DNA gyrases were measured to be 0.30, 0.16 and 17.7 μg/mL, respectively. The addition of QnrB19 increased the IC50s of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin to be 0.81 and 0.48 μg/mL, respectively, where no effect of QnrB19 was observed on the IC50 of nalidixic acid. CONCLUSION QnrB19 was shown for the first time in vitro to have ability to grant non-classical quinolone resistance to S. Typhimurium DNA gyrase. Structural insight on quinolones in this study may contribute to investigate drugs useful for preventing the spread of plasmid carrying PMQR along with other factors associating with antimicrobial resistance in S. Typhimurium and other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruttana Pachanon
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Kentaro Koide
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | | | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Thoko Flav Kapalamula
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Center of Education and Research in EcoHealth and OneHealth, Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Global Health, Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Thailand
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Japan.
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Jassem AM, Dhumad AM, Almashal FA, Alshawi JM. Microwave-assisted synthesis, molecular docking and anti-HIV activities of some drug-like quinolone derivatives. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02546-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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WQ-3810 inhibits DNA gyrase activity in ofloxacin-resistant Mycobacterium leprae. J Infect Chemother 2019; 26:335-342. [PMID: 31839561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium leprae causes leprosy and ofloxacin is used to control this bacterium. However, specific amino acid substitutions in DNA gyrases of M. leprae interferes with the effect of ofloxacin. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we tested the inhibitory effect of WQ-3810 on DNA gyrases in M. leprae, using recombinant gyrases. We theorized that WQ-3810 and DNA gyrases interacted, which was tested in silico. Compared with control drugs like ofloxacin, WQ-3810 showed a better inhibitory effect on ofloxacin-resistant DNA gyrases. The in-silico study showed that, unlike control drugs, a specific linkage between a R1 group in WQ-3810 and aspartic acid at position 464 in the subunit B of DNA gyrases existed, which would enhance the inhibitory effect of WQ-3810. This linkage was confirmed in a further experiment, using recombinant DNA gyrases with amino acid substitutions in subunits B instead. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The inhibitory effect of WQ-3810 was likely enhanced by the specific linkage between a R1 group residue in its structure and DNA gyrases. Using interactions like the one found in the present work may help design new fluoroquinolones that contribute to halt the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
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Chowdhury SR, Majumder HK. DNA Topoisomerases in Unicellular Pathogens: Structure, Function, and Druggability. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 44:415-432. [PMID: 30609953 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
All organisms, including unicellular pathogens, compulsorily possess DNA topoisomerases for successful nucleic acid metabolism. But particular subtypes of topoisomerases exist, in all prokaryotes and in some unicellular eukaryotes, that are absent in higher eukaryotes. Moreover, topoisomerases from pathogenic members of a niche possess some unique molecular architecture and functionalities completely distinct from their nonpathogenic colleagues. This review will highlight the unique attributes associated with the structures and functions of topoisomerases from the unicellular pathogens, with special reference to bacteria and protozoan parasites. It will also summarise the progress made in the domain pertaining to the druggability of these topoisomerases, upon which a future platform for therapeutic development can be successfully constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somenath Roy Chowdhury
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Hemanta K Majumder
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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Yamaguchi T, Yokoyama K, Nakajima C, Suzuki Y. Quinolone resistance-associated amino acid substitutions affect enzymatic activity of Mycobacterium leprae DNA gyrase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1343-1347. [PMID: 28417702 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1314757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Quinolones are important antimicrobials for treatment of leprosy, a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Although it is well known that mutations in DNA gyrase are responsible for quinolone resistance, the effect of those mutations on the enzymatic activity is yet to be studied in depth. Hence, we conducted in vitro assays to observe supercoiling reactions of wild type and mutated M. leprae DNA gyrases. DNA gyrase with amino acid substitution Ala91Val possessed the highest activity among the mutants. DNA gyrase with Gly89Cys showed the lowest level of activity despite being found in clinical strains, but it supercoiled DNA like the wild type does if applied at a sufficient concentration. In addition, patterns of time-dependent conversion from relaxed circular DNA into supercoiled DNA by DNA gyrases with clinically unreported Asp95Gly and Asp95Asn were observed to be distinct from those by the other DNA gyrases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- a Division of Bioresources , Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yokoyama
- b Central Research Laboratory , Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd , Azumino , Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- a Division of Bioresources , Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control , Sapporo , Japan.,c Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE) , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- a Division of Bioresources , Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control , Sapporo , Japan.,c Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE) , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
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DC-159a Shows Inhibitory Activity against DNA Gyrases of Mycobacterium leprae. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005013. [PMID: 27681932 PMCID: PMC5040261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluoroquinolones are a class of antibacterial agents used for leprosy treatment. Some new fluoroquinolones have been attracting interest due to their remarkable potency that is reportedly better than that of ofloxacin, the fluoroquinolone currently recommended for treatment of leprosy. For example, DC-159a, a recently developed 8-methoxy fluoroquinolone, has been found to be highly potent against various bacterial species. Nonetheless, the efficacy of DC-159a against Mycobacterium leprae is yet to be examined. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To gather data that can support highly effective fluoroquinolones as candidates for new remedies for leprosy treatment, we conducted in vitro assays to assess and compare the inhibitory activities of DC-159a and two fluoroquinolones that are already known to be more effective against M. leprae than ofloxacin. The fluoroquinolone-inhibited DNA supercoiling assay using recombinant DNA gyrases of wild type and ofloxacin-resistant M. leprae revealed that inhibitory activities of DC-159a and sitafloxacin were at most 9.8- and 11.9-fold higher than moxifloxacin. Also the fluoroquinolone-mediated cleavage assay showed that potencies of those drugs were at most 13.5- and 9.8-fold higher than moxifloxacin. In addition, these two drugs retained their inhibitory activities even against DNA gyrases of ofloxacin-resistant M. leprae. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results indicated that DC-159a and sitafloxacin are more effective against wild type and mutant M. leprae DNA gyrases than moxifloxacin, suggesting that these antibacterial drugs can be good candidates that may supersede current fluoroquinolone remedies. DC-159a in particular is very promising because it is classified in a subgroup of fluoroquinolones that is known to be less likely to cause adverse effects. Our results implied that DC-159a is well worth further investigation to ascertain its in vivo effectiveness and clinical safety for humans.
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Kongsoi S, Changkwanyeun R, Yokoyama K, Nakajima C, Changkaew K, Suthienkul O, Suzuki Y. Amino acid substitutions in GyrA affect quinolone susceptibility inSalmonellatyphimurium. Drug Test Anal 2015; 8:1065-1070. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Kongsoi
- Division of Bioresources; Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control; Sapporo Japan
| | - Ruchirada Changkwanyeun
- Division of Bioresources; Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control; Sapporo Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yokoyama
- Central Research Laboratory; Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd; Nagano Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources; Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control; Sapporo Japan
- Hokkaido University The Global Station for Zoonosis Control; Sapporo Japan
| | - Kanjana Changkaew
- Division of Bioresources; Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control; Sapporo Japan
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Faculty of Public Health; Thammasat University; Rangsit Thailand
- Faculty of Public Health; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources; Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control; Sapporo Japan
- Hokkaido University The Global Station for Zoonosis Control; Sapporo Japan
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Changkwanyeun R, Usui M, Kongsoi S, Yokoyama K, Kim H, Suthienkul O, Changkaew K, Nakajima C, Tamura Y, Suzuki Y. Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni DNA gyrase as the target of quinolones. J Infect Chemother 2015; 21:604-9. [PMID: 26096494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Quinolones have long been used as the first-line treatment for Campylobacter infections. However, an increased resistance to quinolones has raised public health concerns. The development of new quinolone-based antibiotics with high activity is critical for effective, as DNA gyrase, the target of quinolones, is an essential enzyme for bacterial growth in several mechanisms. The evaluation of antibiotic activity against Campylobacter jejuni largely relies on drug susceptibility tests, which require at least 2 days to produce results. Thus, an in vitro method for studying the activity of quinolones against the C. jejuni DNA gyrase is preferred. To identify potent quinolones, we investigated the interaction of C. jejuni DNA gyrase with a number of quinolones using recombinant subunits. The combination of purified subunits exhibited DNA supercoiling activity in an ATP dependent manner. Drug concentrations that inhibit DNA supercoiling by 50% (IC50s) of 10 different quinolones were estimated to range from 0.4 (sitafloxacin) to >100 μg/mL (nalidixic acid). Sitafloxacin showed the highest inhibitory activity, and the analysis of the quinolone structure-activity relationship demonstrated that a fluorine atom at R-6 might play the important role in the inhibitory activity against C. jejuni gyrase. Measured quinolone IC50s correlated well with minimum inhibitory concentrations (R = 0.9943). These suggest that the in vitro supercoiling inhibition assay on purified recombinant C. jejuni DNA gyrase is a useful and predictive technique to monitor the antibacterial potency of quinolones. And furthermore, these data suggested that sitafloxacin might be a good candidate for clinical trials on campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchirada Changkwanyeun
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaru Usui
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Siriporn Kongsoi
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yokoyama
- Central Research Laboratory, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Azumino, Japan
| | - Hyun Kim
- Laboratory of Tuberculosis Control, Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi Murayama, Japan
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Rangsit, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Changkaew
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan; Hokkaido University, The Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tamura
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan; Hokkaido University, The Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan.
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Kongsoi S, Yokoyama K, Suprasert A, Utrarachkij F, Nakajima C, Suthienkul O, Suzuki Y. Characterization of Salmonella Typhimurium DNA gyrase as a target of quinolones. Drug Test Anal 2014; 7:714-20. [PMID: 25381884 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Quinolones exhibit good antibacterial activity against Salmonella spp. isolates and are often the choice of treatment for life-threatening salmonellosis due to multi-drug resistant strains. To assess the properties of quinolones, we performed an in vitro assay to study the antibacterial activities of quinolones against recombinant DNA gyrase. We expressed the S. Typhimurium DNA gyrase A (GyrA) and B (GyrB) subunits in Escherichia coli. GyrA and GyrB were obtained at high purity (>95%) by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid agarose resin column chromatography as His-tagged 97-kDa and 89-kDa proteins, respectively. Both subunits were shown to reconstitute an ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling activity. Drug concentrations that suppressed DNA supercoiling by 50% (IC50 s) or generated DNA cleavage by 25% (CC25 s) demonstrated that quinolones highly active against S. Typhimurium DNA gyrase share a fluorine atom at C-6. The relationships between the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), IC50 s and CC25 s were assessed by estimating a linear regression between two components. MICs measured against S. Typhimurium NBRC 13245 correlated better with IC50 s (R = 0.9988) than CC25 s (R = 0.9685). These findings suggest that the DNA supercoiling inhibition assay may be a useful screening test to identify quinolones with promising activity against S. Typhimurium. The quinolone structure-activity relationship demonstrated here shows that C-8, the C-7 ring, the C-6 fluorine, and N-1 cyclopropyl substituents are desirable structural features in targeting S. Typhimurium gyrase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Kongsoi
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yokoyama
- Central Research Laboratory, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nagano, Japan
| | - Apinun Suprasert
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Fuangfa Utrarachkij
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.,Hokkaido University The Global station for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.,Hokkaido University The Global station for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
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Gadelle D, Krupovic M, Raymann K, Mayer C, Forterre P. DNA topoisomerase VIII: a novel subfamily of type IIB topoisomerases encoded by free or integrated plasmids in Archaea and Bacteria. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:8578-91. [PMID: 24990376 PMCID: PMC4117785 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II DNA topoisomerases are divided into two families, IIA and IIB. Types IIA and IIB enzymes share homologous B subunits encompassing the ATP-binding site, but have non-homologous A subunits catalyzing DNA cleavage. Type IIA topoisomerases are ubiquitous in Bacteria and Eukarya, whereas members of the IIB family are mostly present in Archaea and plants. Here, we report the detection of genes encoding type IIB enzymes in which the A and B subunits are fused into a single polypeptide. These proteins are encoded in several bacterial genomes, two bacterial plasmids and one archaeal plasmid. They form a monophyletic group that is very divergent from archaeal and eukaryotic type IIB enzymes (DNA topoisomerase VI). We propose to classify them into a new subfamily, denoted DNA topoisomerase VIII. Bacterial genes encoding a topoisomerase VIII are present within integrated mobile elements, most likely derived from conjugative plasmids. Purified topoisomerase VIII encoded by the plasmid pPPM1a from Paenibacillus polymyxa M1 had ATP-dependent relaxation and decatenation activities. In contrast, the enzyme encoded by mobile elements integrated into the genome of Ammonifex degensii exhibited DNA cleavage activity producing a full-length linear plasmid and that from Microscilla marina exhibited ATP-independent relaxation activity. Topoisomerases VIII, the smallest known type IIB enzymes, could be new promising models for structural and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danièle Gadelle
- Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR8621, Institut de Génétique Microbiologie, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie moléculaire du gène chez les extrêmophiles, Département de Microbiologie, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Kasie Raymann
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie moléculaire du gène chez les extrêmophiles, Département de Microbiologie, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Claudine Mayer
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Microbiologie structurale, Département de Biologie structurale et Chimie, F-75015 Paris, France CNRS, UMR3528, F-75015 Paris, France Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, rue du Dr Roux 75015 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Forterre
- Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR8621, Institut de Génétique Microbiologie, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie moléculaire du gène chez les extrêmophiles, Département de Microbiologie, F-75015 Paris, France
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16
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Veziris N, Chauffour A, Escolano S, Henquet S, Matsuoka M, Jarlier V, Aubry A. Resistance of M. leprae to quinolones: a question of relativity? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2559. [PMID: 24244784 PMCID: PMC3828155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Multidrug resistant leprosy, defined as resistance to rifampin, dapsone and fluoroquinolones (FQ), has been described in Mycobacterium leprae. However, the in vivo impact of fluoroquinolone resistance, mainly mediated by mutations in DNA gyrase (GyrA2GyrB2), has not been precisely assessed. Our objective was to measure the impact of a DNA gyrase mutation whose implication in fluoroquinolone resistance has been previously demonstrated through biochemical studies, on the in vivo activity of 3 fluoroquinolones: ofloxacin, moxifloxacin and garenoxacin. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We used the proportional bactericidal method. 210 four-week-old immunodeficient female Nude mice (NMRI-Foxn1(nu) /Foxn1(nu) ) were inoculated in the left hind footpad with 0.03 ml of bacterial suspension containing 5 × 10(3), 5 × 10(2), 5 × 10(1), and 5 × 10(0) M. leprae AFB organisms of strain Hoshizuka-4 which is a multidrug resistant strain harboring a GyrA A91V substitution. An additional subgroup of 10 mice was inoculated with 5 × 10(-1) bacilli in the untreated control group. The day after inoculation, subgroups of mice were treated with a single dose of ofloxacin, moxifloxacin, garenoxacin or clarithromycin at 150 mg/kg dosing. 12 months later mice were sacrificed and M. leprae bacilli were numbered in the footpad. The results from the untreated control group indicated that the infective inoculum contained 23% of viable M. leprae. The results from the moxifloxacin and garenoxacin groups indicated that a single dose of these drugs reduced the percentage of viable M. leprae by 90%, similarly to the reduction observed after a single dose of the positive control drug clarithromycin. Conversely, ofloxacin was less active than clarithromycin. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE DNA gyrase mutation is not always synonymous of lack of in vivo fluoroquinolone activity in M. leprae. As for M. tuberculosis, in vivo studies allow to measure residual antibiotic activity in case of target mutations in M. leprae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Veziris
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, Paris, France
- Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Laboratoire de bactériologie-hygiène, Paris, France
| | | | - Sylvie Escolano
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Biostatistics, F-94807, Villejuif, France and Univ Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Sarah Henquet
- Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Laboratoire de bactériologie-hygiène, Paris, France
| | - Masanori Matsuoka
- Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vincent Jarlier
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, Paris, France
- Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Laboratoire de bactériologie-hygiène, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Aubry
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, Paris, France
- Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Laboratoire de bactériologie-hygiène, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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17
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Rubinstein E, Keynan Y. Quinolones for mycobacterial infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013; 42:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Synthesis of gatifloxacin derivatives and their biological activities against Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:948-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Yokoyama K, Kim H, Mukai T, Matsuoka M, Nakajima C, Suzuki Y. Impact of amino acid substitutions in B subunit of DNA gyrase in Mycobacterium leprae on fluoroquinolone resistance. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1838. [PMID: 23071850 PMCID: PMC3469482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone (FQ) used for the treatment of leprosy. FQs are known to interact with both A and B subunits of DNA gyrase and inhibit supercoiling activity of this enzyme. Mutations conferring FQ resistance have been reported to be found only in the gene encoding A subunit of this enzyme (gyrA) of M. leprae, although there are many reports on the FQ resistance-associated mutation in gyrB in other bacteria, including M. tuberculosis, a bacterial species in the same genus as M. leprae. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To reveal the possible contribution of mutations in gyrB to FQ resistance in M. leprae, we examined the inhibitory activity of FQs against recombinant DNA gyrases with amino acid substitutions at position 464, 502 and 504, equivalent to position 461, 499 and 501 in M. tuberculosis, which are reported to contribute to reduced sensitivity to FQ. The FQ-inhibited supercoiling assay and FQ-induced cleavage assay demonstrated the important roles of these amino acid substitutions in reduced sensitivity to FQ with marked influence by amino acid substitution, especially at position 502. Additionally, effectiveness of sitafloxacin, a FQ, to mutant DNA gyrases was revealed by low inhibitory concentration of this FQ. SIGNIFICANCE Data obtained in this study suggested the possible emergence of FQ-resistant M. leprae with mutations in gyrB and the necessity of analyzing both gyrA and gyrB for an FQ susceptibility test. In addition, potential use of sitafloxacin for the treatment of problematic cases of leprosy by FQ resistant M. leprae was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Yokoyama
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hyun Kim
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tetsu Mukai
- Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Matsuoka
- Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- JST/JICA-SATREPS, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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20
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Legendre DP, Muzny CA, Swiatlo E. Hansen's Disease (Leprosy): Current and Future Pharmacotherapy and Treatment of Disease-Related Immunologic Reactions. Pharmacotherapy 2012; 32:27-37. [DOI: 10.1002/phar.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davey P. Legendre
- The Pharmacy Division; Health Management Associates; Jackson Mississippi
| | - Christina A. Muzny
- The Division of Infectious Diseases; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham Alabama
| | - Edwin Swiatlo
- The Division of Infectious Diseases; University of Mississippi Medical Center; Jackson Mississippi
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21
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Amino acid substitutions at position 95 in GyrA can add fluoroquinolone resistance to Mycobacterium leprae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 56:697-702. [PMID: 22106221 DOI: 10.1128/aac.05890-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid substitutions at position 89 or 91 in GyrA of fluoroquinolone-resistant Mycobacterium leprae clinical isolates have been reported. In contrast, those at position 94 in M. tuberculosis, equivalent to position 95 in M. leprae, have been identified most frequently. To verify the possible contribution of amino acid substitutions at position 95 in M. leprae to fluoroquinolone resistance, we conducted an in vitro assay using wild-type and mutant recombinant DNA gyrases. Fluoroquinolone-mediated supercoiling activity inhibition assay and DNA cleavage assay revealed the potent contribution of an amino acid substitution of Asp to Gly or Asn at position 95 to fluoroquinolone resistance. These results suggested the possible future emergence of quinolone-resistant M. leprae isolates with these amino acid substitutions and the usefulness of detecting these mutations for the rapid identification of fluoroquinolone resistance in leprosy.
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22
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KIM H, SUZUKI H, MATSUOKA M, MATSUBA T, YOKOYAMA K, NAKAJIMA C, SUZUKI Y. Molecular mechanism of the acquisition of new-quinolone resistance in Mycobacterium leprae and M. tuberculosis and rapid differentiation methods for resistant bacilli. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 80:17-27. [DOI: 10.5025/hansen.80.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun KIM
- Department of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control
| | - Haruka SUZUKI
- Department of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control
| | | | - Takashi MATSUBA
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Kazumasa YOKOYAMA
- Department of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control
| | - Chie NAKAJIMA
- Department of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control
| | - Yasuhiko SUZUKI
- Department of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control
- JST/JICA-SATREPS
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Matrat S, Cambau E, Jarlier V, Aubry A. Are all the DNA gyrase mutations found in Mycobacterium leprae clinical strains involved in resistance to fluoroquinolones? Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52:745-7. [PMID: 18070975 PMCID: PMC2224767 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01095-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 11/01/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium leprae DNA gyrases carrying various mutations, previously described in clinical strains, were investigated for quinolone susceptibility by inhibition of supercoiling and DNA cleavage promotion. We demonstrated that the gyrA mutations leading to G89C or A91V confer fluoroquinolone resistance whereas the gyrB mutation leading to D205N does not.
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