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Zhou D, Sun Z, Lu J, Liu H, Lu W, Lin H, Zhang X, Li Q, Zhou W, Zhu X, Xu H, Lin X, Zhang H, Xu T, Li K, Bao Q. Characterization of a Novel Chromosomal Class C β-Lactamase, YOC-1, and Comparative Genomics Analysis of a Multidrug Resistance Plasmid in Yokenella regensburgei W13. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2021. [PMID: 32973731 PMCID: PMC7468467 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Yokenella regensburgei, a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae, is usually isolated from environmental samples and generally resistant to early generations of cephalosporins. To characterize the resistance mechanism of Y. regensburgei strain W13 isolated from the sewage of an animal farm, whole genome sequencing, comparative genomics analysis and molecular cloning were performed. The results showed that a novel chromosomally encoded class C β-lactamase gene with the ability to confer resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, designated bla YOC - 1, was identified in the genome of Y. regensburgei W13. Kinetic analysis revealed that the β-lactamase YOC-1 has a broad spectrum of substrates, including penicillins, cefazolin, cefoxitin and cefotaxime. The two functionally characterized β-lactamases with the highest amino acid identities to YOC-1 were CDA-1 (71.69%) and CMY-2 (70.65%). The genetic context of the bla YOC - 1 -ampR-encoding region was unique compared with the sequences in the NCBI nucleotide database. The plasmid pRYW13-125 of Y. regensburgei W13 harbored 11 resistance genes (bla OXA - 10, bla LAP - 2, dfrA14, tetA, tetR, cmlA5, floR, sul2, ant(3″)-IIa, arr-2 and qnrS1) within an ∼34 kb multidrug resistance region; these genes were all related to mobile genetic elements. The multidrug resistance region of pYRW13-125 shared the highest identities with those of two plasmids from clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, indicating the possibility of horizontal transfer of these resistance genes between bacteria of various origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danying Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhewei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junwan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongmao Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hailong Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xueya Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiaoling Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wangxiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haili Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Teng Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, China
| | - Kewei Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiyu Bao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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2
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Ogbolu DO, Piddock LJ, Webber MA. Opening Pandora's box: High-level resistance to antibiotics of last resort in Gram-negative bacteria from Nigeria. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 21:211-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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3
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Ramirez MS, Iriarte A, Reyes-Lamothe R, Sherratt DJ, Tolmasky ME. Small Klebsiella pneumoniae Plasmids: Neglected Contributors to Antibiotic Resistance. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2182. [PMID: 31616398 PMCID: PMC6764390 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is the causative agent of community- and, more commonly, hospital-acquired infections. Infections caused by this bacterium have recently become more dangerous due to the acquisition of multiresistance to antibiotics and the rise of hypervirulent variants. Plasmids usually carry genes coding for resistance to antibiotics or virulence factors, and the recent sequence of complete K. pneumoniae genomes showed that most strains harbor many of them. Unlike large plasmids, small, usually high copy number plasmids, did not attract much attention. However, these plasmids may include genes coding for specialized functions, such as antibiotic resistance, that can be expressed at high levels due to gene dosage effect. These genes may be part of mobile elements that not only facilitate their dissemination but also participate in plasmid evolution. Furthermore, high copy number plasmids may also play a role in evolution by allowing coexistence of mutated and non-mutated versions of a gene, which helps to circumvent the constraints imposed by trade-offs after certain genes mutate. Most K. pneumoniae plasmids 25-kb or smaller replicate by the ColE1-type mechanism and many of them are mobilizable. The transposon Tn1331 and derivatives were found in a high percentage of these plasmids. Another transposon that was found in representatives of this group is the bla KPC-containing Tn4401. Common resistance determinants found in these plasmids were aac(6')-Ib and genes coding for β-lactamases including carbapenemases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S. Ramirez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Andrés Iriarte
- Laboratorio de Biología Computacional, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República de Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - David J. Sherratt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo E. Tolmasky
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Rozwandowicz M, Brouwer MSM, Fischer J, Wagenaar JA, Gonzalez-Zorn B, Guerra B, Mevius DJ, Hordijk J. Plasmids carrying antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:1121-1137. [PMID: 29370371 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is constantly evolving and horizontal gene transfer through plasmids plays a major role. The identification of plasmid characteristics and their association with different bacterial hosts provides crucial knowledge that is essential to understand the contribution of plasmids to the transmission of AMR determinants. Molecular identification of plasmid and strain genotypes elicits a distinction between spread of AMR genes by plasmids and dissemination of these genes by spread of bacterial clones. For this reason several methods are used to type the plasmids, e.g. PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) or relaxase typing. Currently, there are 28 known plasmid types in Enterobacteriaceae distinguished by PBRT. Frequently reported plasmids [IncF, IncI, IncA/C, IncL (previously designated IncL/M), IncN and IncH] are the ones that bear the greatest variety of resistance genes. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of all known AMR-related plasmid families in Enterobacteriaceae, the resistance genes they carry and their geographical distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rozwandowicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M S M Brouwer
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - J Fischer
- Department of Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, BfR, Berlin, Germany
| | - J A Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - B Gonzalez-Zorn
- Department of Animal Health and VISAVET, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Guerra
- Department of Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, BfR, Berlin, Germany
| | - D J Mevius
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - J Hordijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Jiang F, Wu Z, Zheng Y, Frana TS, Sahin O, Zhang Q, Li G. Genotypes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Hemolytic Escherichia coli from Diarrheic Piglets. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:94-103. [PMID: 30688527 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemolytic Escherichia coli are important pathogens in neonatal and weaned pigs. In this study, we analyzed 95 hemolytic E. coli isolated from intestinal contents or fecal samples of diarrheic piglets in 15 states of the United States between November 2013 and December 2014. Phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility was determined through Sensititre BOFO6F plates for all the strains. They were all resistant to clindamycin, penicillin, tiamulin, tilmicosin, and highly resistant to oxytetracycline (91.6%), chlortetracycline (78.9%), ampicillin (75.8%), and sulfadimethoxine (68.4%). 86.2% of them were multidrug resistant. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) showed that 55 strains were enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and 40 strains were non-ETEC, and the strains belonged to 22 known and 2 novel sequence types (STs). ST100 and ST10 were the main and predominant STs in ETEC strains, whereas the non-ETEC strains were diverse with ST23 and ST761 as the main STs. Antibiotic resistance gene/mutation profiling of the genomes confirmed the results of antimicrobial susceptibility test. Notably, significant differences were found in the susceptibility to enrofloxacin between ETEC and non-ETEC (58.2% vs. 5.0%) and gentamicin (32.7% vs. 7.5%). ampH, ampC2, and ampC1 were the most common beta-lactamase genes in all E. coli strains, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes were rare in these isolates. This study provides new insights into antibiotic resistance and genotypes of intestinal pathogenic E. coli associated with swine disease in the United States, and support the utility of WGS in accurate prediction of resistance to most antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Jiang
- 1 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,2 Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine and College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Zuowei Wu
- 3 Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Ying Zheng
- 2 Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine and College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Timothy S Frana
- 2 Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine and College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Orhan Sahin
- 2 Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine and College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Qijing Zhang
- 3 Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Ganwu Li
- 1 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,2 Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine and College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
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6
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Fang LX, Li XP, Li L, Chen MY, Wu CY, Li LL, Liao XP, Liu YH, Sun J. IS Ecp1-mediated transposition of chromosome-borne blaCMY-2 into an endogenous ColE1-like plasmid in Escherichia coli. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:995-1005. [PMID: 30087569 PMCID: PMC6061673 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s159345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CMY-2 is the most prevalent pAmpC β-lactamase, but the chromosomal blaCMY-2 gene transfer via horizontal transmission has been seldom reported. This study aimed to describe an ISEcp1-mediated transposition of a chromosomal blaCMY-2 gene from Escherichia coli into a small endogenous ColE1-like plasmid, resulting in elevated resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Methods Three ESCs-resistant ST641 E. coli strains EC6413, EC4103 and EC5106 harbored the blaCMY-2 gene. S1-PFGE, I-ceu I-PFGE, Southern blotting and electroporation experiments were performed to investigate the location and transferability of blaCMY-2. The genetic context and gene expression of blaCMY-2 in the original isolates and the corresponding electroporants were explored by PCR mapping, primer walking strategy and RT-qPCR. Results The blaCMY-2-containing region (ISEcp1-blaCMY-2-∆blc-∆yggR-∆tnp1-orf7-orf8-orf9-∆tnp2-∆hsdR) was transposed into endogenous ColE1-like plasmid pSC137 in the process of electroporation at very low frequencies (10-8-10-9). The transpositions resulted in novel larger blaCMY-2-harboring ColE1-like plasmids with size of 14,845 bp, enabling increase in MICs of 2 to 8-fold for cefotaxime, ceftiofur, and ceftazidime in recipient strains over their respective original counterparts. Transcriptional level analysis revealed that the increased blaCMY-2 expression was correlated with elevated MIC values of cephalosporins. The blaCMY-2 transposition unit was identical to that in a clinical isolate E. coli TN44889 from France isolated in 2004. Conclusions Our results firstly demonstrated that ISEcp1 mediated a transposition of chromosome-borne blaCMY-2 into an endogenous ColE1-like plasmid by electroporation. Amplification of the blaCMY-2 gene facilitates the strain adaptation to a changed environment with an elevated antibiotic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Xing Fang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xing-Ping Li
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China,
| | - Liang Li
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China,
| | - Mu-Ya Chen
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China,
| | - Cai-Yan Wu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Lu Li
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China,
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China,
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Isolation and characterization of two novel groups of kanamycin-resistance ColE1-like plasmids in Salmonella enterica serotypes from food animals. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29513730 PMCID: PMC5841774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
While antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica is mainly attributed to large plasmids, small plasmids may also harbor antimicrobial resistance genes. Previously, three major groups of ColE1-like plasmids conferring kanamycin-resistance (KanR) in various S. enterica serotypes from diagnostic samples of human or animals were reported. In this study, over 200 KanRS. enterica isolates from slaughter samples, collected in 2010 and 2011 as a part of the animal arm of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, were screened for the presence of ColE1-like plasmids. Twenty-three KanR ColE1-like plasmids were successfully isolated. Restriction fragment mapping revealed five major plasmid groups with subgroups, including two new groups, X (n = 3) and Y/Y2/Y3 (n = 4), in addition to the previously identified groups A (n = 7), B (n = 6), and C/C3 (n = 3). Nearly 75% of the plasmid-carrying isolates were from turkey and included all the isolates carrying X and Y plasmids. All group X plasmids were from serotype Hadar. Serotype Senftenberg carried all the group Y plasmids and one group B plasmid. All Typhimurium isolates (n = 4) carried group A plasmids, while Newport isolates (n = 3) each carried a different plasmid group (A, B, or C). The presence of the selection bias in the NARMS strain collection prevents interpretation of findings at the population level. However, this study demonstrated that KanR ColE1-like plasmids are widely distributed among different S. enterica serotypes in the NARMS isolates and may play a role in dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes.
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Papagiannitsis CC, Dolejska M, Izdebski R, Dobiasova H, Studentova V, Esteves FJ, Derde LPG, Bonten MJM, Hrabák J, Gniadkowski M. Characterization of pKP-M1144, a Novel ColE1-Like Plasmid Encoding IMP-8, GES-5, and BEL-1 β-Lactamases, from a Klebsiella pneumoniae Sequence Type 252 Isolate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:5065-8. [PMID: 26033721 PMCID: PMC4505226 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00937-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IMP-8 metallo-β-lactamase was identified in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 252 (ST252), isolated in a Portuguese hospital in 2009. blaIMP-8 was the first gene cassette of a novel class 3 integron, In1144, also carrying the blaGES-5, blaBEL-1, and aacA4 cassettes. In1144 was located on a ColE1-like plasmid, pKP-M1144 (12,029 bp), with a replication region of limited nucleotide similarity to those of other RNA-priming plasmids, such as pJHCMW1. In1144 and pKP-M1144 represent an interesting case of evolution of resistance determinants in Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costas C Papagiannitsis
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Plzen, Charles University in Prague, Plzen, Czech Republic National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Dolejska
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Hana Dobiasova
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Studentova
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Plzen, Charles University in Prague, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Jaroslav Hrabák
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Plzen, Charles University in Prague, Plzen, Czech Republic Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University in Prague, Plzen, Czech Republic
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San Millan A, Santos-Lopez A, Ortega-Huedo R, Bernabe-Balas C, Kennedy SP, Gonzalez-Zorn B. Small-plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance is enhanced by increases in plasmid copy number and bacterial fitness. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:3335-41. [PMID: 25824216 PMCID: PMC4432117 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00235-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmids play a key role in the horizontal spread of antibiotic resistance determinants among bacterial pathogens. When an antibiotic resistance plasmid arrives in a new bacterial host, it produces a fitness cost, causing a competitive disadvantage for the plasmid-bearing bacterium in the absence of antibiotics. On the other hand, in the presence of antibiotics, the plasmid promotes the survival of the clone. The adaptations experienced by plasmid and bacterium in the presence of antibiotics during the first generations of coexistence will be crucial for the progress of the infection and the maintenance of plasmid-mediated resistance once the treatment is over. Here we developed a model system using the human pathogen Haemophilus influenzae carrying the small plasmid pB1000 conferring resistance to β-lactam antibiotics to investigate host and plasmid adaptations in the course of a simulated ampicillin therapy. Our results proved that plasmid-bearing clones compensated for the fitness disadvantage during the first 100 generations of plasmid-host adaptation. In addition, ampicillin treatment was associated with an increase in pB1000 copy number. The augmentation in both bacterial fitness and plasmid copy number gave rise to H. influenzae populations with higher ampicillin resistance levels. In conclusion, we show here that the modulations in bacterial fitness and plasmid copy number help a plasmid-bearing bacterium to adapt during antibiotic therapy, promoting both the survival of the host and the spread of the plasmid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro San Millan
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal and Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Santos-Lopez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal and Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Ortega-Huedo
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal and Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Bernabe-Balas
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal and Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Bruno Gonzalez-Zorn
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal and Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Characterization of a mobilizable IncQ plasmid encoding cephalosporinase CMY-4 in Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:2964-6. [PMID: 25691650 DOI: 10.1128/aac.05017-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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11
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San Millan A, Peña-Miller R, Toll-Riera M, Halbert ZV, McLean AR, Cooper BS, MacLean RC. Positive selection and compensatory adaptation interact to stabilize non-transmissible plasmids. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5208. [PMID: 25302567 PMCID: PMC4208098 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmids are important drivers of bacterial evolution, but it is challenging to understand how plasmids persist over the long term because plasmid carriage is costly. Classical models predict that horizontal transfer is necessary for plasmid persistence, but recent work shows that almost half of plasmids are non-transmissible. Here we use a combination of mathematical modelling and experimental evolution to investigate how a costly, non-transmissible plasmid, pNUK73, can be maintained in populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Compensatory adaptation increases plasmid stability by eliminating the cost of plasmid carriage. However, positive selection for plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance is required to maintain the plasmid by offsetting reductions in plasmid frequency due to segregational loss. Crucially, we show that compensatory adaptation and positive selection reinforce each other’s effects. Our study provides a new understanding of how plasmids persist in bacterial populations, and it helps to explain why resistance can be maintained after antibiotic use is stopped. Plasmids are important for bacterial evolution but the evolutionary mechanisms behind their maintenance are unclear. Here the authors show that the interplay between compensatory adaptation and positive selection for plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance determines plasmid persistence in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- A San Millan
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - R Peña-Miller
- 1] Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK [2] Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, México
| | - M Toll-Riera
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Z V Halbert
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - A R McLean
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - B S Cooper
- 1] Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK [2] Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - R C MacLean
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
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12
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Plasmid-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence in Gram-negatives: the Klebsiella pneumoniae Paradigm. Microbiol Spectr 2014; 2:1-15. [PMID: 25705573 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.plas-0016-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmids harbor genes coding for specific functions including virulence factors and antibiotic resistance that permit bacteria to survive the hostile environment found in the host and resist treatment. Together with other genetic elements such as integrons and transposons, and using a variety of mechanisms, plasmids participate in the dissemination of these traits resulting in the virtual elimination of barriers among different kinds of bacteria. In this article we review the current information about physiology and role in virulence and antibiotic resistance of plasmids from the gram-negative opportunistic pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. This bacterium has acquired multidrug resistance and is the causative agent of serious communityand hospital-acquired infections. It is also included in the recently defined ESKAPE group of bacteria that cause most of US hospital infections.
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13
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Sidjabat HE, Seah KY, Coleman L, Sartor A, Derrington P, Heney C, Faoagali J, Nimmo GR, Paterson DL. Expansive spread of IncI1 plasmids carrying blaCMY-2 amongst Escherichia coli. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2014; 44:203-8. [PMID: 25052868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a leading cause of urinary tract infections. One of the most common antibiotic classes used to treat such infections is the β-lactams, including cephalosporins. Resistance to the third-generation cephalosporins can be caused by production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) or plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases. The most commonly reported AmpC β-lactamase in E. coli is CMY-2. Plasmid-mediated CMY-2 has been frequently reported in E. coli and Salmonella sp. from food-producing animals. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular characteristics of clinical E. coli isolates carrying plasmids encoding CMY-2. A total of 67 CMY-2-producing E. coli were characterised by clonal analysis and phylogenetic typing. Characterisation of the plasmids carrying blaCMY-2 included replicon typing, plasmid profiling, plasmid transferability and sequencing of the blaCMY-2 genetic environment. As a result, E. coli producing CMY-2 was found to be highly polyclonal. The majority of CMY-2-producing E. coli belonged to phylogenetic group D. IncI1 plasmids were predominant among those carrying blaCMY-2 (96%). Restriction analysis revealed a single IncI1 plasmid carrying blaCMY-2 to be predominant and present in different clones of E. coli. IS1294-ISEcp1 complex or ISEcp1 that was truncated by IS1294 was the predominant insertion sequence upstream of blaCMY-2. The homogeneous genetic environment of blaCMY-2 observed among different strains of E. coli strongly suggests horizontal transfer of this IncI1, blaCMY-2-carrying plasmid. In summary, horizontal plasmid transfer plays a major role in the spread of blaCMY-2 in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna E Sidjabat
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Building 71/918, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital complex, Herston 4029, QLD, Australia.
| | - Kwee Yong Seah
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Building 71/918, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital complex, Herston 4029, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Anna Sartor
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Building 71/918, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital complex, Herston 4029, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - Joan Faoagali
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Graeme R Nimmo
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Building 71/918, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital complex, Herston 4029, QLD, Australia; Pathology Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - David L Paterson
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Building 71/918, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital complex, Herston 4029, QLD, Australia; Pathology Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
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Identification of CMY-2-type cephalosporinases in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae by MALDI-TOF MS. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:2952-7. [PMID: 24566177 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02418-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study exploited the possibility to detect Citrobacter freundii-derived CMY-2-like cephalosporinases in Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Periplasmic proteins were prepared using a modified sucrose method and analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. A ca. 39,850-m/z peak, confirmed to represent a C. freundii-like β-lactamase by in-gel tryptic digestion followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, was observed only in CMY-producing isolates. We have also shown the potential of the assay to detect ACC- and DHA-like AmpC-type β-lactamases.
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15
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Positive epistasis between co-infecting plasmids promotes plasmid survival in bacterial populations. ISME JOURNAL 2013; 8:601-612. [PMID: 24152711 PMCID: PMC3930321 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2013.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Plasmids have a key role in the horizontal transfer of genes among bacteria. Although plasmids are catalysts for bacterial evolution, it is challenging to understand how they can persist in bacterial populations over the long term because of the burden they impose on their hosts (the ‘plasmid paradox'). This paradox is especially perplexing in the case of ‘small' plasmids, which are unable to self-transfer by conjugation. Here, for the first time, we investigate how interactions between co-infecting plasmids influence plasmid persistence. Using an experimental model system based on interactions between a diverse assemblage of ‘large' plasmids and a single small plasmid, pNI105, in the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we demonstrate that positive epistasis minimizes the cost associated with carrying multiple plasmids over the short term and increases the stability of the small plasmid over a longer time scale. In support of these experimental data, bioinformatic analysis showed that associations between small and large plasmids are more common than would be expected owing to chance alone across a range of families of bacteria; more generally, we find that co-infection with multiple plasmids is more common than would be expected owing to chance across a wide range of bacterial phyla. Collectively, these results suggest that positive epistasis promotes plasmid stability in bacterial populations. These findings pave the way for future mechanistic studies aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms of plasmid–plasmid interaction, and evolutionary studies aimed at understanding how the coevolution of plasmids drives the spread of plasmid-encoded traits.
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Kotsakis SD, Tzouvelekis LS, Petinaki E, Tzelepi E, Miriagou V. Effects of the Val211Gly substitution on molecular dynamics of the CMY-2 cephalosporinase: implications on hydrolysis of expanded-spectrum cephalosporins. Proteins 2011; 79:3180-92. [PMID: 21989938 DOI: 10.1002/prot.23150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
CMY-30, a naturally occurring class C β-lactamase differing from the Citrobacter freundii-derived CMY-2 by a Val211Gly substitution in the Ω-loop, exhibits increased hydrolytic efficiency against ceftazidime and cefotaxime. Kinetic constants of CMY-2 and CMY-30 against the latter substrates suggested that the improved efficiency of the Gly211 variant was due to an increase in k(cat). The structural basis of the increased turn-over rates of oxyimino-cephalosporins caused by Val211Gly was studied using 5 ns molecular dynamics simulations of CMY-2 and CMY-30 in their free forms and in covalent complexes with ceftazidime (acyl-enzyme) as well as a boronic acid analogue of ceftazidime (deacylation transition state). Analysis of thermal factors indicated that Val211Gly increased the flexibility of the Ω-loop/H7-helix and the Q120-loop formed by amino acids 112-125, and also altered the vibrations of the H10-helix/R2-loop. Structural elements containing the catalytic residues remained relatively rigid except Tyr150 in acyl-enzyme species. Regions exhibiting altered flexibility due to the substitution appear to move in a concerted manner in both enzymes. This movement was more intense in CMY-30 and also at directions different to those observed for CMY-2. Additionally, it appeared that the Val211Gly increased the available space for the accommodation of the R1 side chain of ceftazidime. These findings are likely associated with the significantly increased vibrations of the bound compounds observed in CMY-30 complexes. Therefore, the extended spectrum properties of CMY-30 seem to arise through a complex process implicating changes in protein movement and in the mode of substrate accommodation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stathis D Kotsakis
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
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17
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Hentschke M, Kotsakis SD, Wolters M, Heisig P, Miriagou V, Aepfelbacher M. CMY-42, a Novel Plasmid-Mediated CMY-2 Variant AmpC Beta-Lactamase. Microb Drug Resist 2011; 17:165-9. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2010.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Hentschke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Manuel Wolters
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Heisig
- Pharmaceutical Biology and Microbiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vivi Miriagou
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Martin Aepfelbacher
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Dissemination of clinical isolates of Klebsiella oxytoca harboring CMY-31, VIM-1, and a New OXY-2-type variant in the community. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:3164-8. [PMID: 21555768 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00102-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the epidemiological link of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca isolates causing community-onset infections among patients attending our outpatient department and to investigate the underlying resistance mechanisms. The isolates were tested by agar dilution MICs, phenotypic carbapenemase testing, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PCR assays and nucleotide sequencing were employed for the identification of bla gene types and the mapping of the integron-containing metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) gene. During the study period (January 2005 to April 2007), nine broad-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant K. oxytoca clinical isolates were prospectively collected from separate outpatients with urinary tract infections. In all cases, the patients had been hospitalized or exposed to health care facilities during the preceding year. Molecular typing revealed that all isolates belonged to the same K. oxytoca clonal type, which contained five PFGE subtypes. A novel chromosomal OXY-2 β-lactamase type variant (OXY-2-9) was detected in all isolates, but no mutations in the promoter region justifying bla(OXY) gene overproduction were detected. In addition, all isolates harbored the plasmidic CMY-31 (LAT-4) AmpC cephalosporinase, while three of them harbored VIM-1 MBL in a class 1 integron structure. This is the first study to present the dissemination in the community of multidrug-resistant K. oxytoca isolates causing extrahospital infections.
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Evolution and spread of a multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis clone with chromosomal AmpC-type cephalosporinases in Europe. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:2735-42. [PMID: 21402851 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01736-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis isolates obtained in 1999 to 2008 from three European countries were analyzed; all carried chromosomal AmpC-type cephalosporinase bla(CMY) genes from a Citrobacter freundii origin (bla(CMY-2)-like genes). Isolates from Poland harbored several bla(CMY) genes (bla(CMY-4), bla(CMY-12), bla(CMY-14), bla(CMY-15), and bla(CMY-38) and the new gene bla(CMY-45)), while isolates from Italy and Greece harbored bla(CMY-16) only. Earlier isolates with bla(CMY-4) or bla(CMY-12), recovered in France from Greek and Algerian patients, were also studied. All isolates showed striking similarities. Their bla(CMY) genes resided within ISEcp1 transposition modules, named Tn6093, characterized by a 110-bp distance between ISEcp1 and bla(CMY), and identical fragments of both C. freundii DNA and a ColE1-type plasmid backbone. Moreover, these modules were inserted into the same chromosomal site, within the pepQ gene. Since ColE1 plasmids carrying ISEcp1 with similar C. freundii DNA fragments (Tn6114) had been identified earlier, it is likely that a similar molecule had mediated at some stage this DNA transfer between C. freundii and P. mirabilis. In addition, isolates with bla(CMY-12), bla(CMY-15), and bla(CMY-38) genes harbored a second bla(CMY) copy within a shorter ISEcp1 module (Tn6113), always inserted downstream of the ppiD gene. Sequence analysis of all mobile bla(CMY-2)-like genes indicated that those integrated in the P. mirabilis chromosome form a distinct cluster that may have evolved by the stepwise accumulation of mutations. All of these observations, coupled to strain typing data, suggest that the bla(CMY) genes studied here may have originated from a single ISEcp1-mediated mobilization-transfer-integration process, followed by the spread and evolution of a P. mirabilis clone over time and a large geographic area.
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Prevalence of ColE1-like plasmids and kanamycin resistance genes in Salmonella enterica serovars. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:6707-14. [PMID: 20693446 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00692-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica strains frequently carry resistance genes on plasmids. Recent studies focus heavily on large conjugative plasmids, and the role that small plasmids play in resistance gene transfer is largely unknown. To expand our previous studies in assessing the prevalence of the isolates harboring ColE1-like plasmids carrying the aph gene responsible for kanamycin resistance (Kan(r)) phenotypes, 102 Kan(r) Salmonella isolates collected through the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) in 2005 were screened by PCR using ColE1 primer sets. Thirty isolates were found to be positive for ColE1-like replicon. Plasmids from 23 isolates were able to propagate in Escherichia coli and were subjected to further characterization. Restriction mapping revealed three major plasmid groups found in three or more isolates, with each group consisting of two to three subtypes. The aph genes from the Kan(r) Salmonella isolates were amplified by PCR, sequenced, and showed four different aph(3')-I genes. The distribution of the ColE1 plasmid groups in association with the aph gene, Salmonella serovar, and isolate source demonstrated a strong linkage of the plasmid with S. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104. Due to their high copy number and mobility, the ColE1-like plasmids may play a critical role in transmission of antibiotic resistance genes among enteric pathogens, and these findings warrant a close monitoring of this plasmid incompatibility group.
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Abstract
Pantoea stewartii SW2 contains 13 plasmids. One of these plasmids, pSW200, has a replicon that resembles that of ColE1. This study demonstrates that pSW200 contains a 9-bp UP element, 5'-AAGATCTTC, which is located immediately upstream of the -35 box in the RNAII promoter. A transcriptional fusion study reveals that substituting this 9-bp sequence reduces the activity of the RNAII promoter by 78%. The same mutation also reduced the number of plasmid copies from 13 to 5, as well as the plasmid stability. When a similar sequence in a ColE1 derivative, pYCW301, is mutated, the copy number of the plasmid also declines from 34 to 16 per cell. Additionally, inserting this 9-bp sequence stabilizes an unstable pSW100 derivative, pSW142K, which also contains a replicon resembling that of ColE1, indicating the importance of this sequence in maintaining the stability of the plasmid. In conclusion, the 9-bp sequence upstream of the -35 box in the RNAII promoter is required for the efficient synthesis of RNAII and maintenance of the stability of the plasmids in the ColE1 family.
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22
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Characterization of small ColE1-like plasmids conferring kanamycin resistance in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars Typhimurium and Newport. Plasmid 2010; 63:150-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Kotsakis SD, Papagiannitsis CC, Tzelepi E, Tzouvelekis LS, Miriagou V. Extended-spectrum properties of CMY-30, a Val211Gly mutant of CMY-2 cephalosporinase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:3520-3. [PMID: 19470510 PMCID: PMC2715598 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00219-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 05/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
CMY-30, a Val211Gly mutant of CMY-2 cephalosporinase, was derived by mutagenesis. The hydrolytic efficiency of CMY-30 against expanded-spectrum cephalosporins was higher than that of CMY-2 due to increased k(cat) values. Findings indicate a role of the Omega loop residue 211 in determining the substrate specificities of CMYs also corroborated by modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stathis D Kotsakis
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Vas. Sofias 127, Athens 11521, Greece
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