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Walker DD, David MZ, Catalano D, Daum R, Gluth MB. In Vitro Susceptibility of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus to Ototopical Therapy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599818762382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David D. Walker
- Section of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael Z. David
- Section of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dominic Catalano
- Section of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert Daum
- Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael B. Gluth
- Section of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Kelley WL, Jousselin A, Barras C, Lelong E, Renzoni A. Missense mutations in PBP2A Affecting ceftaroline susceptibility detected in epidemic hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clonotypes ST228 and ST247 in Western Switzerland archived since 1998. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:1922-30. [PMID: 25583724 PMCID: PMC4356817 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04068-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and maintenance of an arsenal of antibiotics is a major health care challenge. Ceftaroline is a new cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); however, no reports concerning MRSA ceftaroline susceptibility have been reported in Switzerland. We tested the in vitro activity of ceftaroline against an archived set of 60 MRSA strains from the University Hospital of Geneva collected from 1994 to 2003. Our results surprisingly revealed ceftaroline-resistant strains (MIC, >1 μg/ml in 40/60 strains; EUCAST breakpoints, susceptible [S], ≤1 μg/ml; resistant [R], >1 μg/ml) were present from 1998 to 2003. The detected resistant strains predominantly belonged to sequence type 228 (ST228) (South German clonotype) but also to ST247 (Iberian clonotype). A sequence analysis of these strains revealed missense mutations in the penicillin-binding protein 2A (PBP2A) allosteric domain (N146K or E239K and N146K-E150K-G246E). The majority of our ST228 PBP2A mutations (N146K or E150K) were distinct from ST228 PBP2A allosteric domain mutations (primarily E239K) recently described for MRSA strains collected in Thailand and Spain during the 2010 Assessing Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance Evaluation (AWARE) global surveillance program. We also found that similar allosteric domain PBP2A mutations (N146K) correlated with ceftaroline resistance in an independent external ST228 MRSA set obtained from the nearby University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, collected from 2003 to 2008. Thus, ceftaroline resistance was observed in our archived strains (including two examples of an MIC of 4 µg/ml for the Iberian ST247 clonotype with the triple mutation N146K/E150K/G246E), at least as far back as 1998, considerably predating the commercial introduction of ceftaroline. Our results reinforce the notion that unknown parameters can potentially exert selective pressure on PBP2A that can subsequently modulate ceftaroline resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Kelley
- Service of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital and Medical School of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ambre Jousselin
- Service of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital and Medical School of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine Barras
- Service of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital and Medical School of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuelle Lelong
- Service of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital and Medical School of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adriana Renzoni
- Service of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital and Medical School of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Typing early Australian healthcare-associated MRSA: confirmation of major clones and emergence of ST1-MRSA-IV and novel ST2249-MRSA-III. Pathology 2013; 45:492-4. [DOI: 10.1097/pat.0b013e3283632667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Classification of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec): guidelines for reporting novel SCCmec elements. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:4961-7. [PMID: 19721075 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00579-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 573] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Cai L, Kong F, Wang Q, Wang H, Xiao M, Sintchenko V, Gilbert GL. A new multiplex PCR-based reverse line-blot hybridization (mPCR/RLB) assay for rapid staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. J Med Microbiol 2009; 58:1045-1057. [PMID: 19528184 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.007955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a new discriminatory method for MRSA SCCmec typing based on multiplex PCR-based reverse line-blot hybridization (mPCR/RLB) assay to enable rapid identification and classification of MRSA SCCmec types in a clinical laboratory. Forty-five primer sets and 49 probes were designed and tested in uniplex PCR (uPCR) and mPCR/RLB. Probes were compared in silico to 14 whole-genome sequences and 18 partial SCCmec gene sequences of Staphylococcus aureus and complete genome and partial SCCmec genes of seven non-MRSA strains, including meticillin-susceptible S. aureus and meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci. The method was tested on a set of 42 well-characterized reference MRSA strains. It identified all five epidemiologically relevant SCCmec types and 26 subtypes, including established and new subtypes of SCCmec III, IV (eight subtypes each) and V (three subtypes). The discriminatory power of mPCR/RLB SCCmec typing was similar to that of MLST and spa typing (Simpson indices of diversity of 0.916, 0.926 and 0.882, respectively; differences not statistically significant). The application of mPCR/RLB hybridization assay to MRSA SCCmec typing can improve the specificity, discriminatory power and throughput of the typing procedure. The detection of up to 43 mPCR products in a single hybridization assay transforms MRSA SCCmec typing from passive epidemiological library typing into a potential tool for near-real-time infection control surveillance and tracking of MRSA transmission in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cai
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Fanrong Kong
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Qinning Wang
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Huiping Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Life Science College, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Vitali Sintchenko
- Western Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gwendolyn L Gilbert
- Western Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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Multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis of Staphylococcus aureus: comparison with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and spa-typing. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5082. [PMID: 19343175 PMCID: PMC2661140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is required to study the routes and rates of transmission of this pathogen. Currently available typing techniques are either resource-intensive or have limited discriminatory ability. Multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) may provide an alternative high throughput molecular typing tool with high epidemiological resolution. Methodology/Principal Findings A new MLVA scheme for S. aureus was validated using 1681 S. aureus isolates collected from Dutch patients and 100 isolates from pigs. MLVA using 8 tandem repeat loci was performed in 2 multiplex PCRs and the fluorescently labeled PCR products were accurately sized on an automated DNA sequencer. The assessed number of repeats was used to create MLVA profiles consisting of strings of 8 integers that were used for categorical clustering. MLVA yielded 511 types that clustered into 11 distinct MLVA complexes which appeared to coincide with MLST clonal complexes. MLVA was at least as discriminatory as PFGE and twice as discriminatory as spa-sequence typing. There was considerable congruence between MLVA, spa-sequence typing and PFGE, at the MLVA complex level with group separation values of 95.1% and 89.2%. MLVA could not discriminate between pig-related MRSA strains isolated from humans and pigs, corroborating the high degree of relationship. MLVA was also superior in the grouping of MRSA isolates previously assigned to temporal-spatial clusters with indistinguishable SpaTypes, demonstrating its enhanced epidemiological usefulness. Conclusions The MLVA described in this study is a high throughput, relatively low cost genotyping method for S. aureus that yields discrete and unambiguous data that can be used to assign biological meaningful genotypes and complexes and can be used for interlaboratory comparisons in network accessible databases. Results suggest that MLVA offsets the disadvantages of other high discriminatory typing approaches and represents a promising tool for hospital, national and international molecular epidemiology.
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Multiplexed genotyping of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates by use of padlock probes and tag microarrays. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47:577-85. [PMID: 19158261 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01347-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed and tested a ligase-based assay for simultaneous probing of core genome diversity and typing of methicillin resistance determinants in Staphylococcus aureus isolates. This assay uses oligonucleotide padlock probes whose two ends are joined through ligation when they hybridize to matching target DNA. Circularized probes are subsequently amplified by PCR with common primers and analyzed by using a microarray equipped with universal tag probes. Our set of padlock probes includes oligonucleotides targeting diagnostic regions in the mecA, ccrB, and ccrC genes of the SCCmec cassette in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). These probes determine the presence and type of SCCmec cassettes (i.e., SCCmec types I to VI). Additional oligonucleotides interrogate a number of highly informative single nucleotide polymorphisms retrieved from a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) database. These latter probes enable the exploration of isolates' phylogenetic affiliation with clonal lineages of MRSA as revealed by MLST. The described assay enables multiplexed genotyping of MRSA based on a single-tube reaction. With a set of clinical isolates of MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (n=66), 100% typeability and 100% accuracy were achieved. The assay described here provides valuable genotypic information that may usefully complement existing genotyping procedures. Moreover, the assay is easily extendable by incorporating additional padlock probes and will be valuable for the quick and cost-effective probing of large numbers of polymorphisms at different genomic locations, such as those ascertained through currently ongoing mutation discovery and genome resequencing projects.
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Deurenberg RH, Stobberingh EE. The evolution of Staphylococcus aureus. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2008; 8:747-63. [PMID: 18718557 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2008.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 07/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Honsa E, Fricke T, Stephens AJ, Ko D, Kong F, Gilbert GL, Huygens F, Giffard PM. Assignment of Streptococcus agalactiae isolates to clonal complexes using a small set of single nucleotide polymorphisms. BMC Microbiol 2008; 8:140. [PMID: 18710585 PMCID: PMC2533671 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-8-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus (GBS)) is an important human pathogen, particularly of newborns. Emerging evidence for a relationship between genotype and virulence has accentuated the need for efficient and well-defined typing methods. The objective of this study was to develop a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based method for assigning GBS isolates to multilocus sequence typing (MLST)-defined clonal complexes. RESULTS It was found that a SNP set derived from the MLST database on the basis of maximization of Simpsons Index of Diversity provided poor resolution and did not define groups concordant with the population structure as defined by eBURST analysis of the MLST database. This was interpreted as being a consequence of low diversity and high frequency horizontal gene transfer. Accordingly, a different approach to SNP identification was developed. This entailed use of the "Not-N" bioinformatic algorithm that identifies SNPs diagnostic for groups of known sequence variants, together with an empirical process of SNP testing. This yielded a four member SNP set that divides GBS into 10 groups that are concordant with the population structure. A fifth SNP was identified that increased the sensitivity for the clinically significant clonal complex 17 to 100%. Kinetic PCR methods for the interrogation of these SNPs were developed, and used to genotype 116 well characterized isolates. CONCLUSION A five SNP method for dividing GBS into biologically valid groups has been developed. These SNPs are ideal for high throughput surveillance activities, and combining with more rapidly evolving loci when additional resolution is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Honsa
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.
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Stephens AJ, Inman-Bamber J, Giffard PM, Huygens F. High-Resolution Melting Analysis of the spa Repeat Region of Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Chem 2008; 54:432-6. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2007.093658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground: The staphylococcal protein A (spa) locus of Staphylococcus aureus contains a complex repeat structure and is commonly used for single-locus sequence-based genotyping. The real-time PCR platform supports genotyping methods that are single step and closed tube and potentially can be carried out simultaneously with diagnosis. We describe here a method for genotyping S. aureus using high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis of the spa polymorphic region X.Methods: The conventional PCR spa assay was modified and optimized for the Rotor-Gene 6000 instrument (Corbett Life Science). HRM analysis on the Corbett Rotor-Gene 6000 instrument was used to test 22 known spa sequences obtained from 44 diverse methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates. Criteria for calling pairs of melting curves “same” or “different” were developed empirically by converting the data to difference graph format with one curve defined as the control. HRM curve comparison between runs was done to determine the portability of the method. The assay performance was assessed by genotyping uncharacterized isolates, carrying out blind trials, and comparing HRM profiles from different runs.Results: HRM analysis of 44 diverse MRSA isolates generated 20 profiles from 22 spa sequence types. The 2 unresolved HRM spa types differed by only 1 bp. Two blind trials demonstrated complete reproducibility with respect to calling the different spa types. Interrun comparisons of HRM curves were successfully developed, indicating the robustness of the method.Conclusion: Analysis of the spa locus by HRM resolves spa sequence variants. This single- and closed-tube single-step method for S. aureus genotyping can be easily combined with the interrogation of other genetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Stephens
- Cooperative Research Centre for Diagnostics, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - John Inman-Bamber
- Cooperative Research Centre for Diagnostics, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Philip M Giffard
- Cooperative Research Centre for Diagnostics, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
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Antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a paradigm of adaptive power. Curr Opin Microbiol 2007; 10:428-35. [PMID: 17921044 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nothing documents better the spectacular adaptive capacity of Staphylococcus aureus than the response of this important human and animal pathogen to the introduction of antimicrobial agents into the clinical environment. The effectiveness of penicillin introduced in the early 1940s was virtually annulled within a decade because of the plasmid epidemics that spread the ss-lactamase gene through the entire species of S. aureus. In 1960 within one to two years of the introduction of penicillinase resistant ss-lactams (methicillin), methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains were identified in clinical specimens. By the 1980s, epidemic clones of MRSA acquired multidrug resistant traits and spread worldwide to become one of the most important causative agents of hospital acquired infections. In the early 2000s, MRSA strains carrying the Tn1546 transposon-based enterococcal vancomycin resistant mechanism were identified in clinical specimens, bringing the specter of a totally resistant bacterial pathogen closer to reality. Then, in the late 1990s, just as effective hygienic and antibiotic use policies managed to bring down the frequency of MRSA in hospitals of several countries, MRSA strains began to show up in the community.
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