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In vitro evaluation of alkaline lignins as antiparasitic agents and their use as an excipient in the release of benznidazole. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123339. [PMID: 36682648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The Amazon rainforest is considered the largest tropical timber reserve in the world. The management of native forests in the Amazon is one of the most sensitive geopolitical issues today, given its national and international dimension. In this work, we obtained and characterized physicochemical lignins extracted from branches and leaves of Protium puncticulatum and Scleronema micranthum. In addition, we evaluated in vitro its potential as an antioxidant, cytotoxic agent against animal cells and antiparasitic against promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis, trypomastigotes of T. cruzi and against Plasmodium falciparum parasites sensitive and resistant to chloroquine. The results showed that the lignins obtained are of the GSH type and have higher levels of guaiacyl units. However, they show structural differences as shown by spectroscopic analysis and radar charts. As for biological activities, they showed antioxidant potential and low cytotoxicity against animal cells. Antileishmanial/trypanocidal assays have shown that lignins can inhibit the growth of promastigotes and trypomastigotes in vitro. The lignins in this study showed low anti-Plasmodium falciparum activity against susceptible strains of Plasmodium falciparum and were able to inhibit the growth of the chloroquine-resistant strain. And were not able to inhibit the growth of Schistosoma mansoni parasites. Finally, lignins proved to be promising excipients in the release of benznidazole. These findings show the potential of these lignins not yet studied to promote different biological activities.
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2
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Reynolds RG, Nguyen HQA, Reddel JCT, Thomson RJ. Recent strategies and tactics for the enantioselective total syntheses of cyclolignan natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:670-702. [PMID: 34664594 PMCID: PMC8957534 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00057h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to 2021Lignan natural products are found in many different plant species and possess numerous useful biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antitumor activities. Their utility in both traditional and conventional medicine, coupled with their structural diversity has made them popular synthetic targets over many decades. This review specifically addresses the cyclolignan subclass of the family, which possess both a C8-C8' and a C2-C7' linkage between two different phenylpropene units. We present a comprehensive overview of the diverse strategies employed by chemists to achieve enantioselective total syntheses of cyclolignans covering: 2000 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah G Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Huong Quynh Anh Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Jordan C T Reddel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Regan J Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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3
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Banzragchgarav O, Batkhuu J, Myagmarsuren P, Battsetseg B, Battur B, Nishikawa Y. In Vitro Potently Active Anti-Plasmodium and Anti-Toxoplasma Mongolian Plant Extracts. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:1442-1447. [PMID: 34023977 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Malaria and toxoplasmosis are important public health diseases affecting millions of people and animals each year, and there is a continuing need for new and improved treatments for them. Plants have provided many opportunities for new drug leads in pharmacology. METHODS We examined 43 crude extracts from Mongolian plants for their activities against the Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain and the Toxoplasma gondii RH strain using a SYBR Green-based fluorescence assay and a fluorescence-based assay, respectively. The potential toxicity of these extracts was also assessed on human foreskin fibroblast cells (HFF) using a cell viability assay. RESULTS From the initial screenings, 11 and 7 crude extracts were effective against T. gondii and P. falciparum, respectively, at 100 µg/ml concentration (≥ 80% inhibition activity). The 50% cytotoxic concentrations of the extracts were estimated on HFF cells, and their 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) were calculated. According to our lead criteria (selective index, SI; value ≥ 10), six plants (Galatella dahurica leaf + flower, Leonurus deminutus leaf + flower, Oxytropis trichophysa aerial part, Schultzia crinita whole plant, Leontopodium campestre root, Spirea salicifolia aerial part) inhibited P. falciparum growth at IC50 values of 5.99-64.15 µg/ml (SI values: 10.11-17.02). Amaranthus retroflexus root was highly active against T. gondii (IC50, 19.89 µg/ml; SI value, 38). CONCLUSION This first observation of the anti-Plasmodium and anti-Toxoplasma activities of Mongolian plant extracts shows them to be interesting potential candidates for drug discovery.
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4
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Gandhi PR, Kamaraj C, Vimalkumar E, Roopan SM. In vivo antiplasmodial potential of three herbal methanolic extracts in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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5
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Heravi MM, Zadsirjan V, Saedi P, Momeni T. Applications of Friedel-Crafts reactions in total synthesis of natural products. RSC Adv 2018; 8:40061-40163. [PMID: 35558228 PMCID: PMC9091380 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07325b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, Friedel-Crafts (FC) reactions have been acknowledged as the most useful and powerful synthetic tools for the construction of a special kind of carbon-carbon bond involving an aromatic moiety. Its stoichiometric and, more recently, its catalytic procedures have extensively been studied. This reaction in recent years has frequently been used as a key step (steps) in the total synthesis of natural products and targeted complex bioactive molecules. In this review, we try to underscore the applications of intermolecular and intramolecular FC reactions in the total syntheses of natural products and complex molecules, exhibiting diverse biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Pegah Saedi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Tayebeh Momeni
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
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6
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Pereira GAN, Souza GC, Santos LS, Barata LES, Meneses CCF, Krettli AU, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Alves CN. Synthesis, antimalarial activity in vitro, and docking studies of novel neolignan derivatives. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:464-472. [PMID: 28245094 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The absence of effective vaccines against malaria and the difficulties associated with controlling mosquito vectors have left chemotherapy as the primary control measure against malaria. However, the emergence and spread of parasite resistance to conventional antimalarial drugs result in a worrisome scenario making the search for new drugs a priority. In the present study, the activities of nine neolignan derivatives were evaluated as follows: (i) against blood forms of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum (clone W2), using the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporation and anti-HRPII assays; (ii) for cytotoxic activity against cultured human hepatoma cells (HepG2); and (iii) for intermolecular interaction with the P. falciparum cysteine protease of falcipain-2 (F2) by molecular docking. The neolignan derivatives 9 and 10 showed activity against the blood form of the chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum clone W2 and were not cytotoxic against cultured human hepatoma cells. A molecular docking study of these two neolignans with FP2 revealed several intermolecular interactions that should guide the design of future analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaécia A N Pereira
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, PA, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gisele C Souza
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Lourivaldo S Santos
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Lauro E S Barata
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica, Instituto de Química, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla C F Meneses
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, PA, Brazil
| | - Antoniana U Krettli
- Laboratório de Malária, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudio Nahum Alves
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, PA, Brazil
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7
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Wei D, Li Y, Liang F. Photoredox-Catalyzed Dimerization of Arylalkenesviaan Oxidative [4+2] Cycloaddition Sequence: Synthesis of Naphthalene Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donglei Wei
- Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanru Li
- Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Fushun Liang
- Department of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry; Liaoning University; Shenyang 110036 People's Republic of China
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8
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Liu Y, Zhang M, Tung CH, Wang Y. TiO2 Photocatalytic Cyclization Reactions for the Syntheses of Aryltetralones. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Liu
- Key Lab of Colloid
and Interface
Science of the Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Shandong University, Ji’Nan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Mingfu Zhang
- Key Lab of Colloid
and Interface
Science of the Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Shandong University, Ji’Nan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Lab of Colloid
and Interface
Science of the Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Shandong University, Ji’Nan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Key Lab of Colloid
and Interface
Science of the Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Shandong University, Ji’Nan 250100, P. R. China
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9
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Byler KG, Ogungbe IV, Setzer WN. In-silico screening for anti-Zika virus phytochemicals. J Mol Graph Model 2016; 69:78-91. [PMID: 27588363 PMCID: PMC7185537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus that has infected hundreds of thousands of people and is a rapidly expanding epidemic across Central and South America. ZIKV infection has caused serious, albeit rare, complications including Guillain-Barré syndrome and congenital microcephaly. There are currently no vaccines or antiviral agents to treat or prevent ZIKV infection, but there are several ZIKV non-structural proteins that may serve as promising antiviral drug targets. In this work, we have carried out an in-silico search for potential anti-Zika viral agents from natural sources. We have generated ZIKV protease, methyltransferase, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase using homology modeling techniques and we have carried out molecular docking analyses of our in-house virtual library of phytochemicals with these protein targets as well as with ZIKV helicase. Overall, 2263 plant-derived secondary metabolites have been docked. Of these, 43 compounds that have drug-like properties have exhibited remarkable docking profiles to one or more of the ZIKV protein targets, and several of these are found in relatively common herbal medicines, suggesting promise for natural and inexpensive antiviral therapy for this emerging tropical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall G Byler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA
| | - Ifedayo Victor Ogungbe
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA.
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10
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Neochoritis CG, Zarganes-Tzitzikas T, Stotani S, Dömling A, Herdtweck E, Khoury K, Dömling A. Leuckart-Wallach Route Toward Isocyanides and Some Applications. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2015. [PMID: 26226194 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.5b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (IMCR) are among the most important chemical reactions to efficiently generate molecular diversity and have found widespread use in industry and academia. Generally, isocyanides are synthesized in 1-2 steps starting from primary amines. Here, we provide experimental detail on an alternative approach toward formamides and, thus, isocyanides via the Leuckart-Wallach reaction in an improved variation. The resulting >50 synthesized and characterized formamides are useful starting materials for IMCR, as well as other chemistries. The advantage of using the Leuckart-Wallach pathway to formamides and isocyanides is the lower price, on average, of the starting materials, as well as their differential and complementary structural diversity, as compared to the primary amine pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tryfon Zarganes-Tzitzikas
- Department
of Drug Design, University of Gröningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Gröningen 9700AV, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Stotani
- Department
of Drug Design, University of Gröningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Gröningen 9700AV, The Netherlands
| | - Adrian Dömling
- Carmolex, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Eberhardt Herdtweck
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität München, 80333 München, Germany
| | - Kareem Khoury
- Carmolex, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department
of Drug Design, University of Gröningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Gröningen 9700AV, The Netherlands
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11
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Zhang J, Chen J, Liang Z, Zhao C. New lignans and their biological activities. Chem Biodivers 2014; 11:1-54. [PMID: 24443425 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Lignans, which are widely distributed in higher plants, represent a vast and rather diverse group of phenylpropane derivatives. They have attracted considerable attention due to their pharmacological activities. Some of the lignans have been developed approved therapeutics, and others are considered as lead structures for new drugs. This article is based on our previous review of lignans discovered in the period 2000-2004, and it provides a comprehensive compilation of the 354 new naturally occurring lignans obtained from 61 plant families between 2005 and 2011. We classified five main types according to their structural features, and provided the details of their sources, some typical structures, and diverse biological activities. A tabular compilation of the novel lignans by species is presented at the end. A total of 144 references were considered for this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drugs & Biological Technology, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China (phone: +86-10-58805046; fax: +86-10-58807720)
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12
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Reddel JCT, Lutz KE, Diagne AB, Thomson RJ. Stereocontrolled syntheses of tetralone- and naphthyl-type lignans by a one-pot oxidative [3,3] rearrangement/Friedel-Crafts arylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:1395-8. [PMID: 24356917 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of a stereoselective one-pot oxidative [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement/Friedel-Crafts arylation that provides enantioenriched benzhydryl compounds is reported. The utility of this new transformation is demonstrated by the concise synthesis of several tetralone- and naphthyl-type lignan natural products, many of which display anti-malarial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan C T Reddel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
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13
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Reddel JCT, Lutz KE, Diagne AB, Thomson RJ. Stereocontrolled Syntheses of Tetralone- and Naphthyl-Type Lignans by a One-Pot Oxidative [3,3] Rearrangement/Friedel-Crafts Arylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Cruz LR, Spangenberg T, Lacerda MVG, Wells TNC. Malaria in South America: a drug discovery perspective. Malar J 2013; 12:168. [PMID: 23706107 PMCID: PMC3665683 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenge of controlling and eventually eradicating malaria means that new tools are urgently needed. South America's role in this fight spans both ends of the research and development spectrum: both as a continent capable of discovering and developing new medicines, and also as a continent with significant numbers of malaria patients. This article reviews the contribution of groups in the South American continent to the research and development of new medicines over the last decade. Therefore, the current situation of research targeting malaria control and eradication is discussed, including endemicity, geographical distribution, treatment, drug-resistance and diagnosis. This sets the scene for a review of efforts within South America to discover and optimize compounds with anti-malarial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza R Cruz
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, 20 route de Pré-Bois, Geneva, CH 1215, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Spangenberg
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, 20 route de Pré-Bois, Geneva, CH 1215, Switzerland
| | - Marcus VG Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Av Pedro Teixeira, 25, Manaus, Amazonas, 69040-000, Brazil
| | - Timothy NC Wells
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, 20 route de Pré-Bois, Geneva, CH 1215, Switzerland
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15
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Pereira MDP, da Silva T, Lopes LMX, Krettli AU, Madureira LS, Zukerman-Schpector J. 4,5-seco-guaiane and a nine-membered sesquiterpene lactone from Holostylis reniformis. Molecules 2012. [PMID: 23187288 PMCID: PMC6268306 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171214046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Root extracts of Holostylis reniformis (Aristolochiaceae) yielded three new natural sesquiterpenes, a sesquiterpene with an unusual carbon skeleton, 4,5-seco-guaiane (7-epi-11-hydroxychabrolidione A, 1), a nine-membered lactone with new carbon skeleton (holostylactone, 2), and a new megastigmane [(6S,7E)-6,9-dihydroxy-10-(2'-hydroxy-ethoxy)-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one, 3], together with bulnesol and sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic analyses and B3LYP/STO-3G** theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos D. P. Pereira
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, C.P. 355, 14801-970, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (M.D.P.P.); (T.S.)
| | - Tito da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, C.P. 355, 14801-970, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (M.D.P.P.); (T.S.)
| | - Lucia M. X. Lopes
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, C.P. 355, 14801-970, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (M.D.P.P.); (T.S.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +55-16-3301-9663; Fax: +55-16-3301-9692
| | - Antoniana U. Krettli
- Laboratory of Malaria, Institute René Rachou/FIOCRUZ, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Lucas S. Madureira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (L.S.M.); (J.Z.-S.)
| | - Julio Zukerman-Schpector
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (L.S.M.); (J.Z.-S.)
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16
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Aguiar ACC, Rocha EMMD, Souza NBD, França TCC, Krettli AU. New approaches in antimalarial drug discovery and development: a review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2012; 107:831-45. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000700001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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17
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Amponsah SK, Bugyei KA, Osei-Safo D, Addai FK, Asare G, Tsegah EA, Baah J, Ofori M, Gyan BA. In vitro activity of extract and fractions of natural cocoa powder on Plasmodium falciparum. J Med Food 2012; 15:476-82. [PMID: 22248179 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several flavonoids isolated from certain plants have demonstrated antiplasmodial activity, after their initial indigenous use in malaria treatment. Cocoa has been found to be a rich food source of flavonoids in comparison with many common foods and beverages. The aim of this work was to investigate the in vitro activity of natural cocoa powder on the growth of Plasmodium falciparum. Prepared crude methanol extract was partitioned successively with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and butanol. Total flavonoid concentration in the crude methanol extract and fractions was measured by the AlCl(3) colorimetric assay. Direct inhibitory activity of the natural cocoa powder was assessed by culturing extract and fractions with P. falciparum in vitro. Greater antiplasmodial activity was observed in nonpolar solvent fractions (chloroform, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether) compared with polar solvents. The chloroform fraction was most active, with mean±SEM 50% and 90% inhibition concentrations of 48.3±0.9 and 417±7.8 μg/mL, respectively. The study showed a weak association between total flavonoid concentration and antiplasmodial activity. Early trophozoite (ring-stage) synchronized cultures treated with the chloroform fraction of natural cocoa powder showed a decline in growth. Further reduction in parasitemia was also observed for other erythrocytic stages. These results suggest that natural cocoa powder has measurable direct in vitro inhibitory effect on P. falciparum and support the anecdotal reports of its ability to prevent malaria as a result of regular intake as a beverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth K Amponsah
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle Bu, Ghana
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18
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Ortet R, Prado S, Regalado EL, Valeriote FA, Media J, Mendiola J, Thomas OP. Furfuran lignans and a flavone from Artemisia gorgonum Webb and their in vitro activity against Plasmodium falciparum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 138:637-640. [PMID: 21982788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of the aerial parts of the Cape Verdean endemic shrub Artemisia gorgonum Webb (Asteraceae) was careful investigated, which led to the isolation and identification of six known furfuran lignans: eudesmin (1), magnolin (2), epimagnolin A (3), aschantin (4), kobusin (5), sesamin (6) and a flavone: artemetin (7). Compounds 1-7 were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxicity in a screening panel consisting of various mammalian tumor cell lines, for their antimalarial activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum (FcB1 strain) and for their cytotoxicity against murine normal cells (CFU-GM). While no promising cytotoxicity against human tumor cells were noticed, marginal potency and selectivity was found for compounds 1-5 against murine colon 38. Besides, compounds 2-7 showed mild antiplasmodial activities, 6 and 7 being the most active compounds (IC(50) 3.37 and 3.50 μg/ml respectively) without noticeable toxicity on mammalian normal cells. This is the first report of antiplasmodial activity for furfuran lignans and the first isolation of 1-7 from Artemisia gorgonum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risoleta Ortet
- Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Laboratoire de Chimie des Molécules Bioactives et des Arômes, UMR 6001 CNRS, Faculté des Sciences, 28 Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
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Antiplasmodial potential of medicinal plant extracts from Malaiyur and Javadhu hills of South India. Parasitol Res 2011; 111:703-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2457-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Analysis of additivity and synergism in the anti-plasmodial effect of purified compounds from plant extracts. Malar J 2011; 10 Suppl 1:S5. [PMID: 21411016 PMCID: PMC3059463 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-10-s1-s5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for antimalarials from ethnobotanical origin, plant extracts are chemically fractionated and biological tests guide the isolation of pure active compounds. To establish the responsibility of isolated active compound(s) to the whole antiplasmodial activity of a crude extract, the literature in this field was scanned and results were analysed quantitatively to find the contribution of the pure compound to the activity of the whole extract. It was found that, generally, the activity of isolated molecules could not account on their own for the activity of the crude extract. It is suggested that future research should take into account the “drugs beside the drug”, looking for those products (otherwise discarded along the fractionation process) able to boost the activity of isolated active compounds.
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Messiano GB, Wijeratne EMK, Lopes LMX, Gunatilaka AAL. Microbial transformations of aryltetralone and aryltetralin lignans by Cunninghamella echinulata and Beauveria bassiana. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:1933-1937. [PMID: 20961092 DOI: 10.1021/np100607s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Microbiological transformation of the aryltetralone lignan (-)-8'-epi-aristoligone (1) with Cunninghamella echinulata ATCC 10028B afforded two known natural lignans, (-)-holostyligone (3) and (-)-arisantetralone (4). Incubation of the aryltetralin lignan (-)-isogalbulin (2), obtained by chemical transformation of 1, with C. echinulata ATCC 10028B afforded the known lignan aryltetralol (5) and seven new metabolites, (-)-8-hydroxyisogalbulin (6), (-)-7-methoxyisogalbulin (7), (-)-4'-O-demethyl-8-hydroxyisogalbulin (8), (-)-7-methoxy-8-hydroxyisogalbulin (9), (-)-4'-O-demethyl-7-methoxyisogalbulin (10), (-)-4',5-O-didemethylcyclogalgravin (11), and (-)-4'-O-demethylcyclogalgravin (12). When 2 was subjected to biotransformation with Beauveria bassiana ATCC 7159, (-)-8-hydroxyisogalbulin (6) was the only isolable product. The structures of all new compounds were established by detailed analysis of their spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele B Messiano
- SW Center for Natural Products Research and Commercialization, Office of Arid Lands Studies, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706-6800, United States
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22
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23
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Bero J, Frédérich M, Quetin-Leclercq J. Antimalarial compounds isolated from plants used in traditional medicine. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.11.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This review covers the compounds with antiplasmodial activity isolated from plants published from 2005 to the end of 2008, organized according to their phytochemical classes. Details are given for substances with IC50 values ≤ 11 μM.
Key findings
Malaria is a major parasitic disease in many tropical and subtropical regions and is responsible for more than 1 million deaths each year in Africa. The rapid spread of resistance encourages the search for new active compounds. Nature and particularly plants used in traditional medicine are a potential source of new antimalarial drugs as they contain molecules with a great variety of structures and pharmacological activities.
Summary
A large number of antimalarial compounds with a wide variety of structures have been isolated from plants and can play a role in the development of new antimalarial drugs. Ethnopharmacological approaches appear to be a promising way to find plant metabolites that could be used as templates for designing new derivatives with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Bero
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Analytical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Pharmacognosy Unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Frédérich
- University of Liège, Natural and Synthetic Drugs Research Center, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Liège, Belgium
| | - Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Analytical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Pharmacognosy Unit, Brussels, Belgium
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Batista R, de Jesus Silva Júnior A, de Oliveira AB. Plant-derived antimalarial agents: new leads and efficient phytomedicines. Part II. Non-alkaloidal natural products. Molecules 2009; 14:3037-72. [PMID: 19701144 PMCID: PMC6254980 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14083037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is still the most destructive and dangerous parasitic infection in many tropical and subtropical countries. The burden of this disease is getting worse, mainly due to the increasing resistance of Plasmodium falciparum against the widely available antimalarial drugs. There is an urgent need for new, more affordable and accessible antimalarial agents possessing original modes of action. Natural products have played a dominant role in the discovery of leads for the development of drugs to treat human diseases, and this fact anticipates that new antimalarial leads may certainly emerge from tropical plant sources. This present review covers most of the recently-published non-alkaloidal natural compounds from plants with antiplasmodial and antimalarial properties, belonging to the classes of terpenes, limonoids, flavonoids, chromones, xanthones, anthraquinones, miscellaneous and related compounds, besides the majority of papers describing antiplasmodial crude extracts published in the last five years not reviewed before. In addition, some perspectives and remarks on the development of new drugs and phytomedicines for malaria are succinctly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Batista
- Departamento de Estudos Básicos e Instrumentais, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia – UESB, BR 415, Km 03, s/nº, 45.700-000 Itapetinga, BA, Brazil; E-mail: (A.d.J.S.J.)
| | - Ademir de Jesus Silva Júnior
- Departamento de Estudos Básicos e Instrumentais, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia – UESB, BR 415, Km 03, s/nº, 45.700-000 Itapetinga, BA, Brazil; E-mail: (A.d.J.S.J.)
| | - Alaíde Braga de Oliveira
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; E-mail: (A.B.d.O.)
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Messiano GB, da Silva T, Nascimento IR, Lopes LMX. Biosynthesis of antimalarial lignans from Holostylis reniformis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:590-596. [PMID: 19307005 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Holostylis reniformis biosynthesizes 8-8' linked lignans without 9,9'-oxygenation. To elucidate the biosynthetic pathways to these lignans, the reputed precursors [U-(14)C]phenylalanine, [9-(3)H(1)]coniferyl alcohol, and [9-(3)H(1)]isoeugenol were administered to roots of the plant, which led to the incorporation of (3)H and (14)C into ten 2,7' linked-lignans (aryltetralone lignans) and two 7,7'-epoxylignans (furan lignans). These administration experiments demonstrated that the lignans were propenylphenol-derived and that H. reniformis can exhibit regioselective control over radical-radical coupling (via isoeugenol radicals). Regiospecific control over propenylphenol-derived lignan biosynthesis was observed, together with diastereoselective control of C2-C7' bond formation for the aryltetralone lignans (7'R). These experiments provide evidence that isoeugenol is a biosynthetic intermediate to the aryltetralone and furan lignans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele B Messiano
- Instituto de Química, São Paulo State University, UNESP, C.P. 355, 14801-970 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Krettli AU. Antimalarial drug discovery: screening of Brazilian medicinal plants and purified compounds. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2009; 4:95-108. [DOI: 10.1517/17530050802678127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Dasgupta T, Chitnumsub P, Kamchonwongpaisan S, Maneeruttanarungroj C, Nichols SE, Lyons TM, Tirado-Rives J, Jorgensen WL, Yuthavong Y, Anderson KS. Exploiting structural analysis, in silico screening, and serendipity to identify novel inhibitors of drug-resistant falciparum malaria. ACS Chem Biol 2009; 4:29-40. [PMID: 19146480 DOI: 10.1021/cb8002804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum thymidylate synthase-dihydrofolate reductase (TS-DHFR) is an essential enzyme in folate biosynthesis and a major malarial drug target. This bifunctional enzyme thus presents different design approaches for developing novel inhibitors against drug-resistant mutants. We performed a high-throughput in silico screen of a database of diverse, drug-like molecules against a non-active-site pocket of TS-DHFR. The top compounds from this virtual screen were evaluated by in vitro enzymatic and cellular culture studies. Three compounds active to 20 microM IC(50)'s in both wildtype and antifolate-resistant P. falciparum parasites were identified; moreover, no inhibition of human DHFR enzyme was observed, indicating that the inhibitory effects appeared to be parasite-specific. Notably, all three compounds had a biguanide scaffold. However, relative free energy of binding calculations suggested that the compounds might preferentially interact with the active site over the screened non-active-site region. To resolve the two possible modes of binding, co-crystallization studies of the compounds complexed with TS-DHFR enzyme were performed. Surprisingly, the structural analysis revealed that these novel, biguanide compounds do indeed bind at the active site of DHFR and additionally revealed the molecular basis by which they overcome drug resistance. To our knowledge, these are the first co-crystal structures of novel, biguanide, non-WR99210 compounds that are active against folate-resistant malaria parasites in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Dasgupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Penchit Chitnumsub
- BIOTEC Central Research Unit, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Science Park, 113 Phaholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sumalee Kamchonwongpaisan
- BIOTEC Central Research Unit, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Science Park, 113 Phaholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Cherdsak Maneeruttanarungroj
- BIOTEC Central Research Unit, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Science Park, 113 Phaholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sara E. Nichols
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, 300 George Street Suite 501, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Theresa M. Lyons
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Julian Tirado-Rives
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - William L. Jorgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Yongyuth Yuthavong
- BIOTEC Central Research Unit, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Science Park, 113 Phaholyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Karen S. Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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Uchôa VT, de Paula RC, Krettli LG, Santana AEG, Krettli AU. Antimalarial activity of compounds and mixed fractions of Cecropia pachystachya. Drug Dev Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Messiano GB, Vieira L, Machado MB, Lopes LMX, de Bortoli SA, Zukerman-Schpector J. Evaluation of insecticidal activity of diterpenes and lignans from Aristolochia malmeana against Anticarsia gemmatalis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:2655-2659. [PMID: 18380460 DOI: 10.1021/jf703594z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The insecticidal activity of hexane extracts from the roots and leaves of Aristolochia malmeana was evaluated against Anticarsia gemmatalis larvae by topical application. Extract from the roots was the most active and caused 50% mortality in larvae at 308.4 microg/microL. From this extract, a clerodane diterpene, (-)-kolavenic acid, and three lignans, (-)-kusunokinin, (-)-hinokinin, and (8 S,8' R,9 S)-cubebin, were isolated by chromatography and partition procedures and then evaluated for their insecticidal activities either individually or in pairs. (-)-Kusunokinin showed higher activity against A. gemmatalis (LD10=9.3, LD50=230.1 microg/microL) than the crude extract, and its activity was dose-dependent, whereas the other constituents did not exhibit any significant activity. Together with (-)-kusunokinin and (-)-hinokinin, (-)-copalic acid, (-)-2-oxokolavenic acid, (-)- ent-6-beta-hydroxy-copalic acid, (8 R,8' R,9 R)- and (8 R,8' R,9 S)-cubebins, (-)-fargesin, and (-)-phillygenin were isolated from the hexane extract of the leaves. The compounds were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele B Messiano
- Instituto de Química, São Paulo State University, UNESP, C.P. 355, 14801-970 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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