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Wang C, Nambu T, Takigawa H, Maruyama H, Mashimo C, Okinaga T. Effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy against Fusobacterium nucleatum in periodontitis prevention. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 256:112926. [PMID: 38714001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis, a chronic infectious disease leading to gingival atrophy and potential tooth loss through alveolar bone resorption, is closely linked to the oral microbiome. Fusobacterium nucleatum, known to facilitate late-stage bacterial colonization in the oral microbiome, plays a crucial role in the onset of periodontitis. Controlling F. nucleatum abundance is vital for preventing and treating periodontal disease. Photodynamic therapy combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDT) has been reported to be bactericidal against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. We aimed to investigate the bactericidal potential of ALA-PDT against F. nucleatum, which was evaluated by examining the impact of varying 5-ALA concentrations, culture time, and light intensity. After ALA-PDT treatment, DNA was extracted from interdental plaque samples collected from 10 volunteers and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. To further elucidate the bactericidal mechanism of ALA-PDT, porphyrins were extracted from F. nucleatum following cultivation with 5-ALA and subsequently analyzed using fluorescence spectra. ALA-PDT showed a significant bactericidal effect against F. nucleatum. Its bactericidal activity demonstrated a positive correlation with culture time and light intensity. Microbiota analysis revealed no significant alteration in α-diversity within the ALA-PDT group, although there was a noteworthy reduction in the proportion of the genus Fusobacterium. Furthermore, fluorescence spectral analysis indicated that F. nucleatum produced an excitable photosensitive substance following the addition of 5-ALA. Overall, if further studies confirm these results, this combined therapy could be an effective strategy for reducing the prevalence of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Graduate School of Dentistry (Bacteriology), Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nambu
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Takigawa
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Hugo Maruyama
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Chiho Mashimo
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Toshinori Okinaga
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan.
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2
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Sahu K, Krishna H, Shrivastava R, Majumdar A, Chowdhury A, Chakraborty S, Majumder SK. Evaluation of the potential of Delta-aminolevulinic acid for simultaneous detection of bioburden and anti-microbial photodynamic therapy of MRSA infected wounds in Swiss albino mice. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 254:112892. [PMID: 38513542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dramatic increase of drug-resistant bacteria necessitates urgent development of platforms to simultaneously detect and inactivate bacteria causing wound infections, but are confronted with various challenges. Delta amino levulinic acid (ALA) induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) can be a promising modality for simultaneous bioburden diagnostics and therapeutics. Herein, we report utility of ALA induced protoporphyrin (PpIX) based simultaneous bioburden detection, photoinactivation and therapeutic outcome assessment in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infected wounds of mice. METHODS MRSA infected wounds treated with 10% ALA were imaged with help of a blue LED (∼405 nm) based, USB powered, hand held device integrated with a modular graphic user interface (GUI). Effect of ALA application time, bacteria load, post bacteria application time points on wound fluorescence studied. PpIX fluorescence observed after excitation with blue LEDs was used to detect bioburden, start red light mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), determine aPDT effectiveness and assess selectivity of the approach. RESULTS ALA-PpIX fluorescence of wound bed discriminates infected from uninfected wounds and detects clinically relevant load. While wound fluorescence pattern changes as a function of ALA incubation and post infection time, intra-wound inhomogeneity in fluorescence correlates with the Gram staining data on presence of biofilms foci. Lack of red fluorescence from wound granulation tissue treated with ALA suggests selectivity of the approach. Further, significant reduction (∼50%) in red fluorescence, quantified using the GUI, relates well with bacteria load reduction observed post topical aPDT. CONCLUSION The potential of ALA induced PpIX for simultaneous detection of bioburden, photodynamic inactivation and "florescence-guided aPDT assessment" is demonstrated in MRSA infected wounds of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khageswar Sahu
- Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India; Homi Bhaba National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India.
| | - Hemant Krishna
- Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - Rashmi Shrivastava
- Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India; Homi Bhaba National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Anamitra Majumdar
- Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - Anupam Chowdhury
- Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - Sourabrata Chakraborty
- Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
| | - Shovan Kumar Majumder
- Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India; Homi Bhaba National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
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Zdubek A, Maliszewska I. On the Possibility of Using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in the Light-Induced Destruction of Microorganisms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3590. [PMID: 38612403 PMCID: PMC11011456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) is a method that specifically kills target cells by combining a photosensitizer and irradiation with light at the appropriate wavelength. The natural amino acid, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), is the precursor of endogenous porphyrins in the heme biosynthesis pathway. This review summarizes the recent progress in understanding the biosynthetic pathways and regulatory mechanisms of 5-ALA synthesis in biological hosts. The effectiveness of 5-ALA-aPDI in destroying various groups of pathogens (viruses, fungi, yeasts, parasites) was presented, but greater attention was focused on the antibacterial activity of this technique. Finally, the clinical applications of 5-ALA in therapies using 5-ALA and visible light (treatment of ulcers and disinfection of dental canals) were described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irena Maliszewska
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
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Shangguan J, Wu Z, Qiao C, Zhang Y, Li L, Li Q, Gao Y, Yan H, Liu W. Enhanced Antibacterial Activity against Escherichia coli Based on Cationic Carbon Dots Assembling with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:7034-7042. [PMID: 38371755 PMCID: PMC10870354 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) with positive surface charges are considered one of the encouraging nanomedications for antibacterial applications. However, due to the distinctive membrane structure of Gram-negative bacteria, cationic CDs with relatively high concentrations are usually required for effective treatment, which might bring out serious safety issues at high doses. Therefore, it is of substantial significance to improve the killing efficiency of cationic CDs on Gram-negative bacteria at appropriately low concentrations. In this work, optimized cationic CDs (bPEI25 000-CDs) were prepared via a hydrothermal method with citric acid and branched PEI25000, which offered a positive surface potential, elimination abilities against Escherichia coli, and relatively high biosafety. The optimized bPEI25 000-CDs can further assemble with the clinical photodynamic therapy (PDT) drug 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) through electrostatic interaction. Moreover, compared with bPEI25 000-CDs and 5-ALA, the bacterial survival rate was significantly reduced by the ALA-bPEI25 000-CD-induced PDT effect. Even when the dose of bPEI25 000-CD carrier was halved, the bacterial survival could be reduced by 44.4% after light exposure compared to those incubated in the dark. The investigation of the bacterial morphology, membrane potential, and intracellular ROS production suggested that the enhanced antibacterial activity may be due to the membrane dysfunction and cell damage resulting from the high interaction between positively charged ALA-bPEI25 000-CDs and the bacterial cell membrane. Meanwhile, the cationic ALA-bPEI25 000-CDs may facilitate the cellular uptake of 5-ALA, resulting in a more efficient PDT effect. In summary, the antibacterial strategy proposed in this study will provide a novel approach for expanding the application of CD-based nanomedications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfang Shangguan
- School
of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Zhenjing Wu
- School
of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Chengjie Qiao
- School
of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- School
of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Lin Li
- School
of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Qilu Li
- Key
Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution
Control, Ministry of Education, School of
Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yiqiao Gao
- School
of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Huijuan Yan
- School
of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School
of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
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Zhao Y, Guo P, Li D, Liu M, Zhang J, Yuan K, Zheng H, Liu L. Preparation and evaluation of oxidized-dextran based on antibacterial hydrogel for synergistic photodynamic therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127648. [PMID: 37890748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Skin trauma is a widespread, extremely susceptible health issue that affects people all over the world. In this study, an innovative antibacterial hydrogel (ODAA hydrogel) with photosensitizer and antibiotics was developed. Oxidized dextran (ODEX) was used as a carrier to prepare a pH-responsive hydrogel by loading the antibiotic amikacin (AMK) and the photosensitizer hexyl 5-aminolevulinate (HAL) via imine bonds. The ODAA hydrogel has a uniformly distributed cavity structure. The cumulative release rates of HAL and AMK in a simulated inflammatory environment at pH 5.0 were approximately 62.3 % and 71.9 % during 15 days. These results demonstrate the ODAA hydrogel's ability to deliver antibiotics on demand, where the antibiotic content is reduced within the effective range. Regarding the in vitro antibacterial behavior, the combination of HAL and AMK synergistically destroyed the majority of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria through several pathways with broad-spectrum antibacterial effects. ODAA hydrogel has been shown to be biocompatible, nearly non-cytotoxic, and capable of promoting wound healing. It is anticipated that the simultaneous targeted delivery of multiple drugs to lesions in the same carrier at ideal dose ratios for particular therapeutic combinations will produce the most synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peiyong Guo
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengjie Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junhao Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hua Zheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot 010010, China.
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Spectroscopic Investigations of Porphyrin-TiO 2 Nanoparticles Complexes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010318. [PMID: 36615512 PMCID: PMC9822347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the spectral characterization of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with three porphyrin derivatives: 5,10,15,20-(Tetra-4-aminophenyl) porphyrin (TAPP), 5,10,15,20-(Tetra-4-methoxyphenyl) porphyrin (TMPP), and 5,10,15,20-(Tetra-4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP). UV-Vis absorption and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopic studies of these porphyrins and their complexes with TiO2 NPs were performed. In addition, the efficiency of singlet oxygen generation, the key species in photodynamic therapy, was investigated. UV-Vis absorption spectra of the NPs complexes showed the characteristic bands of porphyrins. These allowed us to determine the loaded porphyrins on TiO2 NPs functionalized with porphyrins. FTIR-ATR revealed the formation of porphyrin-TiO2 complexes, suggesting that porphyrin adsorption on TiO2 may involve the pyrroles in the porphyrin ring, or the radicals of the porphyrin derivative. The quantum yield for singlet oxygen generation by the studied porphyrin complexes with TiO2 was higher compared to bare porphyrins for TAPP and TMPP, while for the TCPP-TiO2 NPs complex, a decrease was observed, but still maintained a good efficiency. The TiO2 NPs conjugates can be promising candidates to be tested in photodynamic therapy in vitro assays.
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Hexyl-Aminolevulinate Ethosomes: a Novel Antibiofilm Agent Targeting Zinc Homeostasis in Candida albicans. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0243822. [PMID: 36301105 PMCID: PMC9769717 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02438-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial drug resistance afforded by Candida albicans biofilms results in ineffective treatment with conventional drugs and persistent infection. Our previous study showed that hexyl-aminolevulinate ethosomes (HAL-ES) act against C. albicans biofilms and weaken their drug resistance and pathogenicity; however, the mechanism involved remains unclear. Here, we systematically evaluated the effects and mechanisms of HAL-ES on biofilm formation and drug resistance. We found that, in addition to mediating antifungal photodynamic therapy, HAL-ES inhibited the early, developmental, and mature stages of biofilm formation compared with fluconazole, HAL, or ES. Notably, adhesion and hyphal formation were significantly inhibited by postdrug effects even after brief exposure (2 h) to HAL-ES. Its therapeutic effect in vivo also has been demonstrated in cutaneous candidiasis. RNA sequencing and quantitative PCR showed that HAL-ES inhibited ribosome biogenesis by disrupting zinc homeostasis in C. albicans, thereby reducing the translation process during protein synthesis. Furthermore, HAL-ES downregulated the expression of multidrug resistance genes and increased fluconazole susceptibility in C. albicans. Our findings provide a novel and efficient method for the treatment of biofilm resistance in C. albicans infection as well as a basis for the application of HAL-ES. We also describe a new strategy for the treatment of biofilm-related infections via zinc restriction. IMPORTANCE Candida albicans is the most prevalent fungal species of the human microbiota. The medical impact of C. albicans on its human host depends on its ability to form biofilms. The intrinsic resistance conferred by biofilms to conventional antifungal drugs makes biofilm-based infections a significant clinical challenge. In this study, we demonstrate the attenuating effect of HAL-ES on C. albicans biofilm formation and drug resistance. Furthermore, we propose that HAL-ES inhibits protein translation by disrupting zinc homeostasis in C. albicans. This study not only provides a novel and effective therapeutic strategy against C. albicans biofilm but also proposes a new strategy to resolve C. albicans biofilm infection by disrupting zinc homeostasis.
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Mathematical modelling for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by 5-aminolaevulinic acid: An in vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103116. [PMID: 36100198 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) is a promising alternative to antibiotic therapy. ALA administration induces protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) accumulation in bacteria, and light excitation of the accumulated PpIX generates singlet oxygen to bacterial toxicity. Several factors, including drug administration and light irradiation conditions, contribute to the antibiotic effect. Such multiple parameters should be determined moderately for effective aPDT in clinical practice. METHODS A mathematical model to predict bacterial dynamics in ALA-aPDT following clinical conditions was constructed. Applying a pharmacokineticspharmacodynamics (PK-PD) approach, which is widely used in antimicrobial drug evaluation, viable bacteria count by defining the bactericidal rate as the concentration of singlet oxygen produced when PpIX in bacteria is irradiated by light. RESULTS The in vitro experimental results of ALA-aPDT for Pseudomonas aeruginosa demonstrated the PK-PD model validity. The killing rate has an upper limit, and the lower power density for a long irradiation time can suppress the viable bacteria number when the light dosages are the same. CONCLUSIONS This study proposed a model of bacterial viability change in ALA-aPDT based on the PK-PD model and confirmed, by in vitro experiments using PA, that the variation of bacterial viability with light-sensitive substance concentration and light irradiation power densities could be expressed. Further validation of the PK-PD model with other gram negative and gram positive strains will be needed.
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Polmickaitė-Smirnova E, Buchovec I, Bagdonas S, Sužiedėlienė E, Ramanavičius A, Anusevičius Ž. Photoinactivation of Salmonella enterica exposed to 5-aminolevulinic acid: Impact of sensitization conditions and irradiation time. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 231:112446. [PMID: 35487120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The photodynamic inactivation (PDI) represents the potential alternative to traditional antibiotic therapy, and can be applied to treat various bacterial infections, including those caused by Gram-negative bacterial strains. One of the treatment modalities is based on the capacity of bacterial cells to synthesize the excess amounts of porphyrins after exposure to an externally applied 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), which makes them photosensitive and leads to reduced survival after irradiation with an appropriately selected light source. This study focuses on the sensitization and the photoinduced inactivation of Salmonella enterica cells in PBS containing 0.5 mM 5-ALA, incubated at 37 °C for 4 h or for 20 h and afterwards irradiated with violet LED light (11.1 mW/cm2, a peak at 400 nm). It has been found that both amounts and composition of endogenous porphyrins not only depended on the incubation duration, but also were affected by externally induced photo- and chemo-oxidation reactions. The application of different sensitization conditions has revealed that the increasing amounts of endogenously produced porphyrins do not ensure the proportional reduction of bacterial cell survival numbers. The comparative investigations also demonstrated that the presence of endogenously produced porphyrins in the medium results in secondary sensitization of bacterial cells and causes a notably stronger photoinactivation effect in comparison to their externally applied standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Polmickaitė-Smirnova
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Irina Buchovec
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Bagdonas
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 9, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edita Sužiedėlienė
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arūnas Ramanavičius
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Žilvinas Anusevičius
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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The Enhancement of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy of Escherichia Coli by a Functionalized Combination of Photosensitizers: In Vitro Examination of Single Cells by Quantitative Phase Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116137. [PMID: 35682814 PMCID: PMC9181539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention of biofilm formation is crucial for the limitation of bacterial infections typically associated with postoperative infections, complications in bedridden patients, and a short-term prognosis in affected cancer patients or mechanically ventilated patients. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) emerges as a promising alternative for the prevention of infections due to the inability of bacteria to become resistant to aPDT inactivation processes. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the use of a functionalized combination of Chlorin e6 and Pheophorbide as a new approach to more effective aPDT by increasing the accumulation of photosensitizers (PSs) within Escherichia coli cells. The accumulation of PSs and changes in the dry mass density of single-cell bacteria before and after aPDT treatment were investigated by digital holotomography (DHT) using the refractive index as an imaging contrast for 3D label-free live bacteria cell imaging. The results confirmed that DHT can be used in complex examination of the cell–photosensitizer interaction and characterization of the efficiency of aPDT. Furthermore, the use of Pheophorbide a as an efflux pomp inhibitor in combination with Chlorin e6 increases photosensitizers accumulation within E. coli and overcomes the limited penetration of Gram-negative cells by anionic and neutral photosensitizers.
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Photodynamic Antibiofilm and Antibacterial Activity of a New Gel with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Infected Titanium Surfaces. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030572. [PMID: 35327374 PMCID: PMC8945072 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of a new gel containing aminolevulinic acid and red light (ALAD–PDI) was tested in order to counteract bacterial biofilm growth on different titanium implant surfaces. The varying antibacterial efficacy of ALAD–PDI against biofilm growth on several titanium surfaces was also evaluated. A total of 60 titanium discs (30 machined and 30 double-acid etched, DAE) were pre-incubated with saliva and then incubated for 24 h with Streptococcus oralis to form bacterial biofilm. Four different groups were distinguished: two exposed groups (MACHINED and DAE discs), covered with S. oralis biofilm and subjected to ALAD + PDI, and two unexposed groups, with the same surfaces and bacteria, but without the ALAD + PDI (positive controls). Negative controls were non-inoculated discs alone and combined with the gel (ALAD) without the broth cultures. After a further 24 h of anaerobic incubation, all groups were evaluated for colony-forming units (CFUs) and biofilm biomass, imaged via scanning electron microscope, and tested for cell viability via LIVE/DEAD analysis. CFUs and biofilm biomass had significantly higher presence on unexposed samples. ALAD–PDI significantly decreased the number of bacterial CFUs on both exposed surfaces, but without any statistically significant differences among them. Live/dead staining showed the presence of 100% red dead cells on both exposed samples, unlike in unexposed groups. Treatment with ALAD + red light is an effective protocol to counteract the S. oralis biofilm deposited on titanium surfaces with different tomography.
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do Prado-Silva L, Brancini GT, Braga GÚ, Liao X, Ding T, Sant’Ana AS. Antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (aPDT) as an innovative technology to control spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms in agri-food products: An updated review. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Photosensitive dendrimers as a good alternative to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of Gram-negative bacteria. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Genetic Factors Affect the Survival and Behaviors of Selected Bacteria during Antimicrobial Blue Light Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910452. [PMID: 34638788 PMCID: PMC8508746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global, mounting and dynamic issue that poses an immediate threat to human, animal, and environmental health. Among the alternative antimicrobial treatments proposed to reduce the external use of antibiotics is electromagnetic radiation, such as blue light. The prevailing mechanistic model is that blue light can be absorbed by endogenous porphyrins within the bacterial cell, inducing the production of reactive oxygen species, which subsequently inflict oxidative damages upon different cellular components. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether other mechanisms are involved, particularly those that can affect the efficacy of antimicrobial blue light treatments. In this review, we summarize evidence of inherent factors that may confer protection to a selected group of bacteria against blue light-induced oxidative damages or modulate the physiological characteristics of the treated bacteria, such as virulence and motility. These include descriptions of three major photoreceptors in bacteria, chemoreceptors, SOS-dependent DNA repair and non-SOS protective mechanisms. Future directions are also provided to assist with research efforts to increase the efficacy of antimicrobial blue light and to minimize the development of blue light-tolerant phenotypes.
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Miyake M, Nakai Y, Nishimura N, Ohnishi S, Oda Y, Fujii T, Owari T, Hori S, Morizawa Y, Gotoh D, Anai S, Torimoto K, Tanaka N, Hirao Y, Fujimoto K. Hexylaminolevulinate-mediated fluorescent urine cytology with a novel automated detection technology for screening and surveillance of bladder cancer. BJU Int 2021; 128:244-253. [PMID: 33580627 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the diagnostic performance of fluorescent voided urine cytology (FVUC) using a novel automated detection technology to screen for primary bladder cancer and for surveillance of recurrent bladder tumour. PATIENTS AND METHODS We created a rapid, objective, automated, and high-throughput detection device for hexylaminolevulinate-mediated FVUC, named the cellular fluorescence analysis unit-II (CFAU-II). Two different cohorts were used in this study: (i) screening test for primary bladder cancer (165 patients with bladder cancer and 52 controls), and (ii) surveillance test for detecting intravesical recurrent tumour (192 patients with treated non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and 15 with post-nephroureterectomy upper urinary tract cancer). Voided urine samples were subjected to urine analysis, conventional VUC (cVUC), and FVUC. Diagnostic performance was compared between cVUC, FVUC, and a combination of the two. RESULTS A total of 614 urine samples were successfully collected, processed, and analysed. Comparative analysis of the screening test cohort demonstrated that the overall sensitivity of FVUC (63%, P < 0.001) and combination testing (72%, P < 0.001) was significantly higher than that of cVUC (29%). FVUC was found to be superior in most of the subgroups, especially in low-grade, Ta, and small tumours. Analysis of the surveillance test cohort showed that combination testing achieved a sensitivity of 82% and a negative predictive value of 98%, whereas those of cVUC were 39% and 96%, respectively. According to the pathological finding of recurrent tumours presenting false-negative result in the FVUC, the majority of the overlooked recurrent diseases were Ta low-grade tumours. Logistic regression analysis suggested an association between the risk of false-positive results and high density of urine white blood cells and alkaluria. CONCLUSION The present findings clearly demonstrate that FVUC using the newly developed automation technology has superior sensitivity to cVUC for both screening for primary bladder cancer and recurrent tumour detection. It is essential to confirm the clinical usefulness of this method via further large-scale studies, in addition to ensuring its affordability and availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nakai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Sayuri Ohnishi
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuki Oda
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Tomomi Fujii
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Takuya Owari
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Shunta Hori
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yosuke Morizawa
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Daisuke Gotoh
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Satoshi Anai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Torimoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.,Department of Prostate Brachytherapy, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hirao
- Department of Urology, Osaka Gyoumeikan Hospital, Konohana-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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Chan KM, Gleadle J, Li J, Michl TD, Vasilev K, MacGregor M. Improving hexaminolevulinate enabled cancer cell detection in liquid biopsy immunosensors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7283. [PMID: 33790357 PMCID: PMC8012578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexaminolevulinate (HAL) induced Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence is commonly used to differentiate cancer cells from normal cells in vivo, as for instance in blue light cystoscopy for bladder cancer diagnosis. A detailed approach is here provided to use this diagnostic principle ex vivo in an immunosensor device, towards enabling non-invasive cancer diagnostic from body fluids, such as urine. Several factors susceptible to affect the applicability of HAL-assisted diagnosis in body fluids were tested. These included the cell viability and its impact on PpIX fluorescence, the storage condition and shelf life of HAL premix reagent, light exposure (360–450 nm wavelengths) and its corresponding effect on both intensity and bleaching of the PpIX fluorescence as a function of the microscopy imaging conditions. There was no significant decrease in the viability of bladder cancer cells after 6 h at 4 °C (student’s t-test: p > 0.05). The cellular PpIX fluorescence decreased in a time-dependent manner when cancer cells were kept at 4 °C for extended period of time, though this didn’t significantly reduce the fluorescence intensity contrast between cancer and non-cancer cells kept in the same condition for 6 h. HAL premix reagent kept in long term storage at 4 °C induced stronger PpIX fluorescence than reagent kept in the − 20 °C freezer. The PpIX fluorescence was negatively affected by repeated light exposure but increased with illumination intensity and exposure time. Though this applied to both healthy and cancer cell lines, and therefore did not statistically improved the differentiation between cell types. This study revealed important experimental settings that need to be carefully considered to benefit from the analytical potential of HAL induced fluorescence when used in technologies for the diagnosis of cancer from body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Man Chan
- Department of Engineering, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Jonathan Gleadle
- Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Jordan Li
- Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Thomas Danny Michl
- Department of Engineering, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Melanie MacGregor
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia.
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Photodynamic effect of TPP encapsulated in polystyrene nanoparticles toward multi-resistant pathogenic bacterial strains: AFM evaluation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6786. [PMID: 33762617 PMCID: PMC7990921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a promising approach for the efficient killing of pathogenic microbes. In this study, the photodynamic effect of sulfonated polystyrene nanoparticles with encapsulated hydrophobic 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP-NP) photosensitizers on Gram-positive (including multi-resistant) and Gram-negative bacterial strains was investigated. The cell viability was determined by the colony forming unit method. The results showed no dark cytotoxicity but high phototoxicity within the tested conditions. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to TPP-NPs than Gram-negative bacteria. Atomic force microscopy was used to detect changes in the morphological properties of bacteria before and after the PDI treatment.
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18
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Wang T, Wu L, Wang Y, Song J, Zhang F, Zhu X. Hexyl-aminolevulinate ethosome-mediated photodynamic therapy against acne: in vitro and in vivo analyses. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:325-332. [PMID: 33730323 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00942-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation by Propionibacterium acnes is known to cause failure of anti-acne treatment. Conventional therapies for acne are typically inadequate. Accordingly, in this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using hexyl-aminolevulinate (HAL)-loaded ethosomes (ESs) against the biofilms of P. acnes in vitro and P. acnes-induced inflammatory acne model in vivo. The antibacterial effects of HAL ESs were evaluated using XTT colorimetric assays and scanning electron microscopic observations of morphological changes. P. acnes was intradermally injected into the ears of Sprague-Dawley rats, and the anti-inflammatory effects of HAL ESs were measured by determining changes in appearance, histology, and the antibacterial effects by P. acnes abundance in ear tissues compared with blank control ESs, HAL alone, and 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) alone. The highest reduction in viability in P. acnes biofilms was observed after treatment with 5 mg/mL HAL ESs. Notably, blank control ESs also showed significant inhibitory effects. Furthermore, HAL ESs had superior therapeutic effects in the rat model compared with HAL or ALA solutions. The observed therapeutic effects of HAL ESs against P. acnes biofilms and P. acnes-induced inflammation suggest that PDT with HAL-loaded ESs may have potential applications in the treatment of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Lifang Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yingzhe Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jinru Song
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Feiyin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510515, China.
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Hadi J, Wu S, Brightwell G. Antimicrobial Blue Light versus Pathogenic Bacteria: Mechanism, Application in the Food Industry, Hurdle Technologies and Potential Resistance. Foods 2020; 9:E1895. [PMID: 33353056 PMCID: PMC7767196 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue light primarily exhibits antimicrobial activity through the activation of endogenous photosensitizers, which leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species that attack components of bacterial cells. Current data show that blue light is innocuous on the skin, but may inflict photo-damage to the eyes. Laboratory measurements indicate that antimicrobial blue light has minimal effects on the sensorial and nutritional properties of foods, although future research using human panels is required to ascertain these findings. Food properties also affect the efficacy of antimicrobial blue light, with attenuation or enhancement of the bactericidal activity observed in the presence of absorptive materials (for example, proteins on meats) or photosensitizers (for example, riboflavin in milk), respectively. Blue light can also be coupled with other treatments, such as polyphenols, essential oils and organic acids. While complete resistance to blue light has not been reported, isolated evidence suggests that bacterial tolerance to blue light may occur over time, especially through gene mutations, although at a slower rate than antibiotic resistance. Future studies can aim at characterizing the amount and type of intracellular photosensitizers across bacterial species and at assessing the oxygen-independent mechanism of blue light-for example, the inactivation of spoilage bacteria in vacuum-packed meats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hadi
- AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Cnr University and Library Road, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (J.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Shuyan Wu
- AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Cnr University and Library Road, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (J.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Gale Brightwell
- AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Cnr University and Library Road, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (J.H.); (S.W.)
- New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
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20
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Antimicrobial Photoinactivation Approach Based on Natural Agents for Control of Bacteria Biofilms in Spacecraft. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186932. [PMID: 32967302 PMCID: PMC7554952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A spacecraft is a confined system that is inhabited by a changing microbial consortium, mostly originating from life-supporting devices, equipment collected in pre-flight conditions, and crewmembers. Continuous monitoring of the spacecraft’s bioburden employing culture-based and molecular methods has shown the prevalence of various taxa, with human skin-associated microorganisms making a substantial contribution to the spacecraft microbiome. Microorganisms in spacecraft can prosper not only in planktonic growth mode but can also form more resilient biofilms that pose a higher risk to crewmembers’ health and the material integrity of the spacecraft’s equipment. Moreover, bacterial biofilms in space conditions are characterized by faster formation and acquisition of resistance to chemical and physical effects than under the same conditions on Earth, making most decontamination methods unsafe. There is currently no reported method available to combat biofilm formation in space effectively and safely. However, antibacterial photodynamic inactivation based on natural photosensitizers, which is reviewed in this work, seems to be a promising method.
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AlMatar M, Albarri O, Makky EA, Köksal F. Efflux pump inhibitors: new updates. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 73:1-16. [PMID: 32946075 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics ought to have ended the issue of bacterial infections, but this was not the case as it has led to the evolution of various mechanisms of bacterial resistance against various antibiotics. The efflux pump remains one of the mechanisms through which organisms develop resistance against antibiotics; this is because organisms can extrude most of the clinically relevant antibiotics from the interior cell environment to the exterior environment via the efflux pumps. Efflux pumps are thought to contribute significantly to biofilm formation as highlighted by various studies. Therefore, the inhibition of these efflux pumps can be a potential way of improving the activity of antibiotics, particularly now that the discovery of novel antibiotics is becoming tedious. Efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) are molecules that can inhibit efflux pumps; they have been considered potential therapeutic agents for rejuvenating the activity of antibiotics that have already lost their activity against bacteria. However, studies are yet to determine the specific substrates for such pumps; the effect of altered efflux activity of these pumps on biofilm formation is still being investigated. A clear knowledge of the involvement of efflux pumps in biofilm development could aid in developing new agents that can interfere with their function and help to prevent biofilms formation; thereby, improving the outcome of treatment strategies. This review focuses on the novel update of EPIs and discusses the evidence of the roles of efflux pumps in biofilm formation; the potential approaches towards overcoming the increasing problem of biofilm-based infections are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaf AlMatar
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Malaysia.
| | - Osman Albarri
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences (Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü), Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Essam A Makky
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Malaysia.
| | - Fatih Köksal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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22
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Photodynamic therapy improves skin antisepsis as a prevention strategy in arthroplasty procedures: A pilot study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101941. [PMID: 32755635 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current standard skin antisepsis to prevent surgical site infections are ineffective to eradicate all skin-colonizing bacteria. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown bactericidal effects in vitro, but no clinical study with improvements in skin antisepsis has been documented. METHODS We investigated the effect of methyl aminolevulinate (MAL)-PDT versus no PDT for skin antisepsis treatment (povidone-iodine/alcohol) in the groin of 10 healthy participants. Skin swabs were taken at baseline, immediately after PDT, and after skin antisepsis treatment to cultivate bacteria. At day 7 and 21, bacterial cultures were repeated before and after antisepsis treatment without PDT. Skin biopsies were performed to examine the grade of inflammation. RESULTS Skin-colonizing bacteria were found in all 20 participants at baseline sampling. Immediately after MAL-PDT, skin was sterile in 7 (70%) participants before and in all 10 (100%) participants after skin antisepsis treatment. In contrast, we found skin-colonizing bacteria in 5 (50%) participants of the control group receiving only skin antisepsis. After 7 and 21 days, skin sterility was similar to the baseline. We observed slight perivascular inflammation with lymphocytes and eosinophils without changes in the histomorphology of eccrine or sebaceous glands in skin biopsies. PDT was generally well tolerated except for localized redness. CONCLUSION MAL-PDT with skin antisepsis treatment sterilized skin immediately after its use but did not maintain sterility 7-21 days post-treatment. Due to local side effects, further clinical studies with less intensive PDT conditions or other photosensitizers are needed before PDT is integrated into clinical practice.
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Shedding Light on Bladder Cancer Diagnosis in Urine. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10060383. [PMID: 32521780 PMCID: PMC7345106 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10060383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue light cystoscopy (BLC) is the most recent clinical approach in the detection and diagnosis of bladder cancer, a common type of cancer with a high rate of recurrence. Representing a significant advance over previous approaches, this photodynamic diagnostic technique uses a photosensitiser prodrug as an adjunct to white light cystoscopy to enhance the in vivo detection of malignant tissues in the bladder based on their distinctive fluorescence. Whilst it does improve detection rates, BLC remains an invasive and costly procedure. Meanwhile, a variety of noninvasive urine detection methods and related microdevices have been developed, none of which have yet entered routine clinical use due to unsatisfactory sensitivity. Following a brief description of the current approaches and their limitations, we provide here a systematic review of a newer niche research aiming to develop a noninvasive adaptation of photodynamic diagnosis. The research to date surrounding the ex situ use of photosensitiser prodrugs for urinary diagnosis of bladder cancer is also discussed.
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Huang J, Guo M, Wu M, Shen S, Shi L, Cao Z, Wang X, Wang H. Effectiveness of a single treatment of photodynamic therapy using topical administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected wounds of diabetic mice. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101748. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Plasma enabled devices for the selective capture and photodynamic identification of prostate cancer cells. Biointerphases 2020; 15:031002. [PMID: 32414237 DOI: 10.1116/6.0000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men and the second leading cause of male cancer deaths. The current blood test for detecting prostate cancers measures prostate-specific antigen. It has many limitations including a very high rate of false positives. Herein, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) based immunocapture and hexaminolevulinate (HAL) based photodetection are integrated into a new diagnostic device designed to selectively identify whole prostate cancer cells from voided urine with the aim of providing an accurate noninvasive alternative to current diagnosis methods. Prestained, prostate cancer cells spiked in urine samples at concentrations ranging from 1500 to 2000 cells/ml were captured with 89% sensitivity and 95% specificity. HAL, a cancer specific photosensitizer, was then used to circumvent the need for prestaining. Optimum HAL incubation conditions were identified (50 μM at 37 °C for 2 h) where the mean HAL-induced fluorescence intensity of LNCaP cells was three times that of healthy PNT2 cells, thus providing an independent way to discriminate captured cancer cells from background metabolites. Combining anti-PSMA immunocapture with HAL-induced fluorescent detection, 86% sensitivity and 88% selectivity were achieved, thereby proving the validity of the dual-method for the selective photospecific detection of prostate cancer cells.
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Radunović M, Petrini M, Vlajic T, Iezzi G, Di Lodovico S, Piattelli A, D'Ercole S. Effects of a novel gel containing 5-aminolevulinic acid and red LED against bacteria involved in peri-implantitis and other oral infections. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 205:111826. [PMID: 32146270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health problem worldwide and the finding of alternative methods for eliminating bacteria is one of the prerogatives of medical research. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in dentistry, especially for the treatment of peri-implantitis, could lead to superinfections. Alternative methods, like photodynamic therapy mediated by the use of aminolevulinic acid and a red light has been largely described, especially in dentistry, but results were encouraging against Gram-positive bacteria, but limited against Gram-negative. The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy mediated by a novel product containing aminolevulinic acid, Aladent (ALAD) has been tested in this in vitro study, against different types of bacteria particularly involved in the infections of the oral cavity and peri-implantitis. The novelty of ALAD is the marked hydrophilicity that should increase the passage of the molecule through the membrane pores of Gram-negative bacteria. Considering the novelty of the product a preliminary experiment permitted to test the effectiveness against Enterococcus faecalis after 1 h of ALAD incubation at different concentrations, with or without different timings of LED irradiation. The count of CFUs and the live/dead observation with fluorescent microscopy showed a significant reduction and killing of bacterium. Then, in the second stage, that could meet the necessity of effectiveness and the clinician's requests to reduce the timing of treatment, ALAD, with and without irradiation, was tested on Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Veillonella parvula and Porphyromonas gingivalis. In particular, the efficiency of different concentrations of the product after a 25 min incubation was tested with and without the adjunctive LED irradiation for 5 min. A slight ALAD bactericidal effect was reported for all bacteria, also without LED irradiation, however, the most effective treatment was 25 min of 50% ALAD incubation followed by 5 min of a red LED. The in vitro tests demonstrated that ALAD gel with LED irradiation exerts a potent antibacterial activity on different bacteria, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Radunović
- Laboratory for Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Petrini
- Specialist in Oral Surgery, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Science, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti, Italy.
| | - T Vlajic
- Laboratory for Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - G Iezzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti, Italy
| | - S Di Lodovico
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti, Italy
| | - A Piattelli
- Dean of Oral Pathology, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti, Italy, Ceo of Biomaterials Engineering, Universidad Catolica de San Antonio de Murcia, Spain, Fondazione Villa Serena per la Ricerca, Città S. Angelo, Italy
| | - S D'Ercole
- Microbiology and Paediatric Dentistry Unit, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013, Italy
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Shitomi K, Miyaji H, Miyata S, Sugaya T, Ushijima N, Akasaka T, Kawasaki H. Photodynamic inactivation of oral bacteria with silver nanoclusters/rose bengal nanocomposite. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101647. [PMID: 31904554 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (a-PDT) is a promising anti-infective technique for generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) to target dental disease. However, conventional organic photosensitizers have problems for clinical use in terms of cytotoxicity, quenching of a-PDT activity by self-dimerization, and the lack of long-term antibacterial effect. We herein propose silver nanoclusters/rose bengal nanocomposite (AgNCs/RB) as a novel photosensitizer with two primary antibacterial effects: (1) 1O2 generation by irradiated RB and (2) Ag+ ion release from AgNCs. AgNCs/RB irradiated with white light-emitting diode (LED) for a short irradiation time of 1 min significantly decreased the bacterial turbidity of Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (P < 0.05). In SEM, TEM and LIVE/DEAD staining images, photoexcited AgNCs/RB reduced S. mutans colonization, destroyed the cell membrane, and increased the number of dead cells. The antibacterial efficiency of photoexcited AgNCs/RB was greater than that of AgNCs or RB alone (P < 0.05), suggesting a synergistic effect of 1O2 and Ag+ ions from photoexcited AgNCs/RB. By contrast, photoexcited AgNCs/RB did not affect WST-8 and LDH activities and morphology of NIH3T3 mammalian cells, indicating low cytotoxicity. Interestingly, the antibacterial activity of AgNCs/RB on S. mutans was maintained even after the cessation of LED irradiation, indicating a long-term antibacterial effect due to released Ag+ ions. The present AgNCs/RB photosensitizers provide effective synergistic antibacterial effects for dental a-PDT via 1O2 and Ag+ ions coupled with low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Shitomi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyaji
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan.
| | - Saori Miyata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sugaya
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Natsumi Ushijima
- Support Section for Education and Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Akasaka
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Materials and Engineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8689, Japan.
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Beltran-Leal A, Muñoz-Ruiz A, Esparza-Villalpando V, Castro Y, Pozos-Guillen A, Flores H. 5-Aminolevulinic acid photoactivated over planktonic and biofilm forms of Enterococcus faecalis as a pharmacological therapy alternative. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000318544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Huang J, Guo M, Jin S, Wu M, Yang C, Zhang G, Wang P, Ji J, Zeng Q, Wang X, Wang H. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy mediated by 5-aminolevulinic acid on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 28:330-337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chan KM, Vasilev K, Shirazi HS, McNicholas K, Li J, Gleadle J, MacGregor M. Biosensor device for the photo-specific detection of immuno-captured bladder cancer cells using hexaminolevulinate: An ex-vivo study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 28:238-247. [PMID: 31394301 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous administration of the photodynamic agent hexaminolevulinate induces Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) accumulation in malignant tissue. This may enable differentiation from healthy tissues by emission of a distinctive red fluorescence. It provides the photo-specific detection when excited with blue light at 405 nm. This study determines the ex-vivo processing conditions (time, concentration, temperature and addition of a fluorescent dye) required for HAL-induced PpIX fluorescence to successfully discriminate between bladder cancer and benign fibroblast cells shed in urine at the single cell level. HAL-induced fluorescence was 4.5 times brighter in cancer cells than non-cancer cells when incubated in the optimum conditions, and could be used to correctly identified bladder cancer cells captured within a newly developed immunofunctionalized biosensor with 88% efficiency. This biosensor is designed to facilitate the immuno-capture of cancer cells by interaction with carcinoma specific anti Epithelial Cell Adhesion molecule (anti-EpCAM) antibodies. Anti-EpCAM antibodies were immobilized on polyoxazoline (POx) plasma polymers by covalent bonds in microfluidic channels. Combining photodynamic and immunoselective approach therefore constitute a promising approach for the non-invasive diagnosis of bladder cancer with two independent level of confidence. OBJECTIVE This study investigate the relationship between different regulatory factors (time, concentration, temperature and addition of a fluorescent dye) and Hexaminolevulinate (HAL)-mediated photodynamic diagnosis of bladder cancer (PDD) in vitro. We examine the natural photosensitizer Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence induced by HAL in several human bladder cancer cell lines and one non-cancer foreskin fibroblast cell line and identify the processing conditions that maximise the difference in fluorescence intensity between malign and benign cell types. The detection of HAL induced fluorescence at a single cell level by a selective cancer cell capture platform is also tested. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiments were performed on cultured monolayer cells and cells in suspension. The cell lines examined included the transitional epithelium carcinoma cell lines HT1197, HT1376, EJ138 and RT4, and the non-cancer foreskin fibroblasts HFF. Cells were incubated with HAL in various doses, time and temperature settings. We also used the nuclear red as a tool to study the PpIX subcellular localization. PpIX fluorescence intensities were measured and analysed using fluorescence microscope software. Finally, we evaluated the possibility of using HAL to discriminate between cancer and non-cancer cells from a mixed cell population using a newly developed immunofunctionalized microfluidic platform. RESULTS The accumulation of PpIX in bladder cancer cells was significantly higher than in non-cancer cells, both cultured monolayer cells and cells in suspension. Effectively, the fluorescence intensity was 4.5 times brighter in bladder cancer cells than non-cancer foreskin fibroblast cells when incubated in the optimum condition, in which the nuclear stain adjuvant acted as a fluorescence enhancer. Cancer cells displayed PpIX accumulated mainly in mitochondria but none or very little PpIX was observed in non-cancer cells. HAL-induced fluorescence could be used to correctly identify bladder cancer cells within the EpCAM conjugated POx based microfluidic sensor with an 88% capture selectivity rate. CONCLUSIONS These findings prove that the application of HAL-induced PpIX fluorescence can successfully distinguish between cancer and non-cancer cells in vitro. This test can provide advanced second level of confidence on the cancerous nature of cells captured by the immunofunctionalized bladder cancer diagnostic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Man Chan
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- School of Engineering, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Hanieh Safizadeh Shirazi
- School of Engineering, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Kym McNicholas
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Jordan Li
- Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Jonathan Gleadle
- Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Melanie MacGregor
- School of Engineering, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia.
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Zare M, Norouzi Sarkati M, Tashakkorian H, Partovi R, Rahaiee S. Dextran-immobilized curcumin: An efficient agent against food pathogens and cancer cells. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911519863074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin–dextran conjugate was synthesized by free radical grafting reaction between curcumin and dextran. The chemical characterization of the conjugate was obtained by Fourier-transform infrared and 1H-NMR (proton nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy analysis, while the functionalization degree was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu assay, finding a 22.93 mg of curcumin/g of dextran conjugate. Antioxidant activity of curcumin and curcumin–dextran conjugate was investigated employing DPPH• radical method, and IC50 (the half maximal inhibitory concentration) values of curcumin and the curcumin–dextran conjugate (Cur equivalents) were 86.6 ± 0.1 and 17.4 ± 1 µM, respectively. The presence of dextran into the curcumin–dextran conjugate improved radical scavenging activities of the curcumin. In addition, antimicrobial effect of curcumin and curcumin–dextran conjugate was evaluated against gram-positive ( Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative ( Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium) bacteria. According to our experiments, gram-positive microorganisms are more sensitive to these compounds than gram-negative ones. Curcumin–dextran is a more potent bacteriostat ( S. aureus (minimum inhibitory concentration = 0.008 µg/mL), E. coli O157:H7 (minimum inhibitory concentration = 250 µg/mL), and S. typhimurium (minimum inhibitory concentration = 500 µg/mL)) and also a more potent bacteriosid against S. aureus and S. typhimurium than curcumin. The cytotoxic effects of the curcumin–dextran conjugate toward AGS, MCF-7, and normal fibroblast cell lines were determined at 48 and 72 h using an MTT assay. The results revealed the considerable antiproliferative effects of the curcumin–dextran conjugate in both AGS and MCF-7 cancer cells in comparison with fibroblast cells. This study shows that dextran as a versatile scaffold develops the biological activities of curcumin by covalent grafting and can be regarded in further bioapplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Zare
- Faculty of Medicinal Plants, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Mazandaran, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Tashakkorian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Mazandaran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Razieh Partovi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Rahaiee
- Department of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Mazandaran, Iran
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Cabral J, Ag R. Blue Light Disinfection in Hospital Infection Control: Advantages, Drawbacks, and Pitfalls. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8020058. [PMID: 31067733 PMCID: PMC6627448 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) are a serious problem that potentially affects millions of patients whenever in contact with hospital settings. Worsening the panorama is the emergence of antimicrobial resistance by most microorganisms implicated in HAIs. Therefore, the improvement of the actual surveillance methods and the discovery of alternative approaches with novel modes of action is vital to overcome the threats created by the emergence of such resistances. Light therapy modalities represent a viable and effective alternative to the conventional antimicrobial treatment and can be preponderant in the control of HAIs, even against multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs). This review will initially focus on the actual state of HAIs and MDROs and which methods are currently available to fight them, which is followed by the exploration of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and antimicrobial blue light therapy (aBLT) as alternative approaches to control microorganisms involved in HAIs. The advantages and drawbacks of BLT relatively to aPDT and conventional antimicrobial drugs as well as its potential applications to destroy microorganisms in the healthcare setting will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Cabral
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Porto Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rodrigues Ag
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Porto Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- CINTESIS-Center for Health Technology and Services Research, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
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Lashkari SM, Kariminezhad H, Amani H, Mataji P, Rahimnejad M. Introduction of 5-aminolevulinic acid as a theranostics agent in dentistry. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 25:336-343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Gadisa E, Weldearegay G, Desta K, Tsegaye G, Hailu S, Jote K, Takele A. Combined antibacterial effect of essential oils from three most commonly used Ethiopian traditional medicinal plants on multidrug resistant bacteria. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:24. [PMID: 30658640 PMCID: PMC6339401 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2429-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background An alarm increase the rate of emerging and re-emerging of multidrug resistant bacteria have been caused great public health concern in the worldwide. They have been resisting for most or majority of currently available and affordable antibiotics and imposed socioeconomic catastrophe at global scale. As a result, there is utmost important to discover new or modify currently available antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate combined antibacterial effect of essential oils obtained from Blepharis cuspidata, Boswellia ogadensis and Thymus schimper against multidrug resistance (MDR) Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Methicillin resistant S. aureus. Methods Essential oil (EO) was extracted from the aerial part of B. cuspidata, B.ogadensis and T. schimper by steam distillation and stored in brown bottles at 4 °C. There were mixed in 1:1 ratio and adsorbed to disc and placed on MHA and measured their minimum inhibitory zone seeded with E. coli, K. pneumoniae and MRAS after 18-24 H. minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were measured by broth micro-dilution method. The interaction between EOs was determined by fractional inhibitory concentration index. Results The antibacterial potential of mixed oil depends on the doses and type of the EOs and bacteria species. The combined EOs of B.cuspidata and T.schimperi had inhibition zone (39 mm), its MIC and MBC value was 0.39 μl/ml against MRSA. It had inhibition zone (28-35 mm), MIC value 0.39–6.25 μl/ml and MBC (0.78–12.5 μl/ml) against MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Whereas, combined effects of B. cuspidata and B. ogadensis had MIC values ranges from 0.78–6.25 μl/ml for E.coli and K. pneumoniae and 1.56 μl/ml for MRSA. There was strong synergistic effect between the combination of B.cuspidata and T.schimperi. This study revealed that gram negative bacteria were slightly less susceptible than gram positive. Conclusions This in vitro study of combined EOs has significant antibacterial effect than using each of them and even it was more potent antibacterial effect on MDR as compare to modern antibiotics. Hence, it can be applied to a pharmaceutical composition as modulator or adjuvant or precursor for synthesis of new antibiotic in future activities.
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Polmickaitė-Smirnova E, Bagdonas S, Anusevičius Ž. Sensitization of Salmonella enterica with 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced endogenous porphyrins: a spectroscopic study. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2730-2739. [DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00200f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescence spectroscopy data reflecting time-dependent changes in the type and localization of endogenous porphyrins reveal the sensitization potential of a precursor 5-ALA for Gram-negative foodborne pathogen Salmonella enterica.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saulius Bagdonas
- Laser Research Center
- Vilnius University
- LT-10222 Vilnius
- Lithuania
| | - Žilvinas Anusevičius
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Life Sciences Center
- Vilnius University
- LT-10257 Vilnius
- Lithuania
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Abstract
Fresh water shortage has become a global problem. A partial solution for this problem is the use of treated and disinfected wastewater for irrigation. However, most existing wastewater disinfection methods are based on the use of aggressive chemicals or power-consuming physical processes. Photodynamic eradication of waterborne bacteria by immobilized photosensitizers may be a good alternative to conventional methods. In the present work, the photosensitizers Rose Bengal sodium salt, Rose Bengal lactone, methylene blue, and hematoporphyrin were immobilized in polyethylene or polypropylene using a “green” method of co-extrusion, without addition of any chemicals, yielding polymeric strips and beads containing the photosensitizers. The antibacterial efficiency of these immobilized photosensitizers was tested against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli in batch and continuous regimes upon illumination with a white luminescent lamp. All examined photosensitizers demonstrated a good ability to decrease the bacterial concentration, up to their total eradication. Immobilized photosensitizers are proposed for batch or continuous disinfection of wastewater after secondary treatment.
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Shen YF, Huang TH, Ng HY, Fang HY, Hsu TT. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Mixed with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid for the Photodynamic Antimicrobial Strategy in Hard Tissue Regeneration. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1734. [PMID: 30223515 PMCID: PMC6163745 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) based photodynamic antimicrobial strategy can provide good antimicrobial effects and be used for medical applications. The aim of this study was to apply this strategy to Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), which is commonly used as a filling material for root endings and by doing so, to increase the bactericidal capability of MTA, as well as to investigate its characterization, cytocompatibility, and odontogenic differentiation potential. MTA is known to be a derivative of calcium silicate (CS). In this study, MTA specimens with or without ALA and light treatment were prepared. Diametral tensile strength values (DTS), setting durations, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra, apatite-mineralization, and antimicrobial abilities of the MTA, were also analyzed. Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) can proliferate into the newly formed matrix and differentiate into odontoblasts to reinforce and strengthen the root. Levels of hDPCs proliferation and its odontogenic capabilities when cultured on MTA with ALA and light treatment, and the percentages of cells existing in the various cell cycle stages, were further evaluated in this study. The results indicated that MTA added ALA with light treatment had greater antibacterial ability and cytocompatibility, compared to MTA alone. A higher percentage S phase of the cells cultured on MTA added ALA with light treatment was observed. Furthermore, hDPCs cultured on MTA added ALA with light treatment had the highest expression levels of the odontoblastic differentiation markers. ALA has great antimicrobial efficiency and is a potential material for future medical applications. ALA-based photodynamic antibacterial strategy applied in the MTA has great antibacterial ability, cytocompatibility, and odontoblastic differentiation potential, and can facilitate the development of root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fang Shen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
- 3D Printing Medical Research Institute, Asia University, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Tsui-Hsien Huang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
- Department of Stomatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Hooi-Yee Ng
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Yuan Fang
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Tuan-Ti Hsu
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
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Katayama B, Ozawa T, Morimoto K, Awazu K, Ito N, Honda N, Oiso N, Tsuruta D. Enhanced sterilization and healing of cutaneous pseudomonas infection using 5-aminolevulinic acid as a photosensitizer with 410-nm LED light. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 90:323-331. [PMID: 29534858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) frequently develops antibiotic-resistant characteristics, which is clinically problematic. The main reason behind the rise of antibiotic-resistant PA is the extensive use of antibiotics. Therefore, a novel technique is needed to treat PA infections. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is thought to have the potential to be a non-antibiotic treatment for infections. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), which works as a photosensitizer after being metabolized into protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in the heme synthetic pathway, is used for PDT. Thus far, the in vivo effectiveness of PDT using ALA against PA is unknown. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated PDT using ALA both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Although PDT with ALA alone did not show a bactericidal effect on PA, PDT with both ALA and EDTA-2Na had a bactericidal effect in vitro. In in vivo experiments, wounds healed faster in PA-infected mice treated with PDT using both EDTA-2Na and ALA compared to non-PDT. CONCLUSION These results suggest that PDT with EDTA-2Na and ALA is a potential novel treatment option for PA-infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bunpei Katayama
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ozawa
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kuniyuki Morimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunio Awazu
- Medical Beam Physics Laboratory, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Ito
- Medical Beam Physics Laboratory, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norihiro Honda
- Medical Beam Physics Laboratory, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan; Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Oiso
- Department of Dermatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuruta
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Nakai Y, Miyake M, Anai S, Hori S, Tatsumi Y, Morizawa Y, Onisi S, Tanaka N, Fujimoto K. Spectrophotometric photodynamic diagnosis of prostate cancer cells excreted in voided urine using 5-aminolevulinic acid. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 33:1557-1563. [PMID: 29725946 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the feasibility of photodynamic diagnosis using 5-aminolevulinic acid (PDD-ALA) for detection of prostate cancer (PCa) cells in urine samples after prostate massage in patients who were suspected to have PCa. One hundred and eighty-nine patients with abnormal digital rectal examination and/or an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level who underwent initial prostate biopsy were recruited. After prostate massage, the first 60 mL of voided urine was collected. For PDD-ALA, 50 mL was used. The rest of collected urine was used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of PSA and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). After incubation for 2 h, the intensity was measured at 635 nm under a 405-nm wavelength excitation. The results of PDD-ALA were compared with those of an initial transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy. Overall, 126/189 (67%) samples that showed bands of both PSA and GAPDH on PCR in urine samples were analyzed. The area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity of PDD-ALA were 0.74, 77, and 67%, respectively. The value of PDD-ALA was significantly higher in patients with Gleason scores of 6 (p = 0.03), 7 (p = 0.005), and 8-10 (p = 0.0002) than in those with negative biopsy results. In the multivariate analysis, high PSA density, abnormal findings on TRUS, and a high value of PDD-ALA were significant markers for prediction of positive biopsy results. PDD-ALA was useful to predict positive biopsy results in patients who underwent initial prostate biopsy with suspected PCa. This PCa-detection method has potential for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Nakai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Satoshi Anai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Shunta Hori
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tatsumi
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yosuke Morizawa
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Sayuri Onisi
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
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Rineh A, Bremner JB, Hamblin MR, Ball AR, Tegos GP, Kelso MJ. Attaching NorA efflux pump inhibitors to methylene blue enhances antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation of Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii in vitro and in vivo. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018. [PMID: 29519734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a public health concern worldwide due to the increasing failure of standard antibiotic therapies. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) is a promising non-antibiotic alternative for treating localized bacterial infections that uses non-toxic photosensitizers and harmless visible light to produce reactive oxygen species and kill microbes. Phenothiazinium photosensitizers like methylene blue (MB) and toluidine blue O are hydrophobic cations that are naturally expelled from bacterial cells by multidrug efflux pumps, which reduces their effectiveness. We recently reported the discovery of a NorA efflux pump inhibitor-methylene blue (EPI-MB) hybrid compound INF55-(Ac)en-MB that shows enhanced photodynamic inactivation of the Gram-positive bacterium methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) relative to MB, both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we report the surprising observation that INF55-(Ac)en-MB and two related hybrids bearing the NorA efflux pump inhibitors INF55 and INF271 also show enhanced aPDI activity in vitro (relative to MB) against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii, despite neither species expressing the NorA pump. Two of the hybrids showed superior effects to MB in murine aPDI infection models. The findings motivate wider exploration of aPDI with EPI-MB hybrids against Gram-negative pathogens and more detailed studies into the molecular mechanisms underpinning their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardeshir Rineh
- School of Chemistry and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - John B Bremner
- School of Chemistry and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02114, USA
| | | | | | - Michael J Kelso
- School of Chemistry and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia.
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Spectrophotometric photodynamic detection involving extracorporeal treatment with hexaminolevulinate for bladder cancer cells in voided urine. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:2309-2316. [PMID: 28726046 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of hexaminolevulinate (HAL) for the photodynamic detection of cancer cells in voided urine. METHODS This study included 50 patients with bladder cancer that was confirmed histologically after transurethral resection (bladder cancer group) and 50 outpatients without a history of urothelial carcinoma or cancer-related findings (no malignancy group). One third of the voided urine samples were incubated with aminolevulinic acid (ALA-treated samples), one third were incubated with HAL (HAL-treated samples), and the remaining samples were incubated without treatment (untreated samples). For detecting cellular protoporphyrin IX levels, the intensity of the samples at the excitation wavelength of 405 nm was measured using a spectrophotometer. The difference between the intensity of the ALA-treated or HAL-treated samples and the untreated samples at 635 nm was calculated. RESULTS HAL-induced fluorescence cytology (HFC) showed that the difference was significantly higher in patients with high-grade tumors than in those with low-grade tumors (p = 0.0003) and the difference was significantly higher in patients with low-grade tumors than in those without a history of urothelial carcinoma or cancer-related findings (p = 0.021). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of ALA-induced fluorescence cytology (AFC) and HFC were 0.77 and 0.81, respectively. The AUC of HFC was significantly higher than that of AFC (p < 0.0001). The overall sensitivity values for conventional cytology, AFC, and HFC were 49, 74, and 74%, respectively. The overall specificity values for AFC and HFC were 70 and 94%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Spectrophotometric photodynamic detection involving extracorporeal treatment with HAL for bladder cancer cells in voided urine showed high accuracy. This bladder cancer detection method is easy and cost-effective, and has the potential for clinical use.
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Photodynamic inactivation of Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms and planktonic cells by 5-aminolevulinic acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid methyl ester. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:557-65. [PMID: 26886586 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-1891-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae, particularly extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae, is currently a great challenge. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy is a promising approach for killing antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and its derivative 5-ALA methyl ester (MAL) in the presence of white light to cause photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of K. pneumoniae planktonic and biofilm cells. In the presence of white light, 5-ALA and MAL inactivated planktonic cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Biofilms were also sensitive to 5-ALA and MAL-mediated PDI. The mechanisms by which 5-ALA and MAL caused PDI of ESBL-producing K. pneumonia were also investigated. Exposure of K. pneumonia to light in the presence of either 5-ALA or MAL induced cleavage of genomic DNA and the rapid release of intracellular biopolymers. Intensely denatured cytoplasmic contents and aggregated ribosomes were also detected by transmission electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy showed that PDI of biofilms caused aggregated bacteria to detach and that the bacterial cell envelope was damaged. This study provides insights into 5-ALA and MAL-mediated PDI of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae.
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Wang Y, Wu X, Chen J, Amin R, Lu M, Bhayana B, Zhao J, Murray CK, Hamblin MR, Hooper DC, Dai T. Antimicrobial Blue Light Inactivation of Gram-Negative Pathogens in Biofilms: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. J Infect Dis 2016; 213:1380-7. [PMID: 26908743 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilms affect >80% bacterial infections in human and are usually difficult to eradicate because of their inherent drug resistance. METHODS We investigated the effectiveness of antimicrobial blue light (aBL) (wavelength, 415 nm) for inactivating Acinetobacter baumannii or Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in 96-well microplates or infected mouse burn wounds. RESULTS In vitro, in 96-well microplates, exposure of 24-hour-old and 72-hour-old A. baumannii biofilms to 432 J/cm(2) aBL resulted in inactivation of 3.59 log10 and 3.18 log10 colony-forming units (CFU), respectively. For P. aeruginosa biofilms, similar levels of inactivation-3.02 log10 and 3.12 log10 CFU, respectively-were achieved. In mouse burn wounds infected with 5 × 10(6) CFU ofA. baumannii, approximately 360 J/cm(2) and 540 J/cm(2) aBL was required to inactivate 3 log10 CFU in biofilms when delivered 24 and 48 hours, respectively, after bacterial inoculation. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed the presence of endogenous porphyrins in both A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa TUNEL assay detected no apoptotic cells in aBL-irradiated mouse skin at up to 24 hours after aBL exposure (540 J/cm(2)). CONCLUSIONS aBL has antimicrobial activity in biofilms ofA. baumannii and P. aeruginosa and is a potential therapeutic approach for biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Wang
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing College of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Ximing Wu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Jia Chen
- Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, China Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Rehab Amin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Min Lu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Brijesh Bhayana
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Jie Zhao
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Clinton K Murray
- Infectious Disease Service, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David C Hooper
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
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Protoporphyrin IX induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid in bladder cancer cells in voided urine can be extracorporeally quantified using a spectrophotometer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 12:282-8. [PMID: 25595357 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the feasibility of photodynamic diagnosis of bladder cancer by spectrophotometric analysis of voided urine samples after extracorporeal treatment with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). METHODS Sixty-one patients with bladder cancer, confirmed histologically after the transurethral resection of a bladder tumor, were recruited as the bladder cancer group, and 50 outpatients without history of urothelial carcinoma or cancer-related findings were recruited as the control group. Half of the voided urine sample was incubated with ALA (ALA-treated sample), and the rest was incubated without treatment (ALA-untreated sample). For detecting cellular protoporphyrin IX levels, intensity of the samples at the excitation wavelength of 405 nm was measured using a spectrophotometer. The difference between the intensity of the ALA-treated and ALA-untreated samples at 635 nm was calculated. RESULTS The differences in the bladder cancer group were significantly greater than those in the control group (p < 0.001). These differences were also significantly greater in patients with high-grade tumors than in those with low-grade tumors (p = 0.004), and also in patients with invasive bladder cancer than in those with noninvasive bladder cancer (p = 0.007). The area under the curve was 0.84. Sensitivity and specificity of the method were 82% and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that protoporphyrin IX levels in urinary cells treated with ALA could be quantitatively detected by spectrophotometer in patients with bladder cancer. Therefore, this cancer detection system has a potential for clinical use.
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Mechanistic Aspects of the Photodynamic Inactivation of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Mediated by 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Methyl Ester. Curr Microbiol 2014; 70:528-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0757-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Effect of hydrogen peroxide on the biosynthesis of heme and proteins: potential implications for the partitioning of Glu-tRNA(Glu) between these pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23011-23. [PMID: 25514408 PMCID: PMC4284751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamyl-tRNA (Glu-tRNA(Glu)) is the common substrate for both protein translation and heme biosynthesis via the C5 pathway. Under normal conditions, an adequate supply of this aminoacyl-tRNA is available to both pathways. However, under certain circumstances, Glu-tRNA(Glu) can become scarce, resulting in competition between the two pathways for this aminoacyl-tRNA. In Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, glutamyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (GluRS1) is the main enzyme that synthesizes Glu-tRNA(Glu). Previous studies have shown that GluRS1 is inactivated in vitro by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This raises the question as to whether H2O2 negatively affects in vivo GluRS1 activity in A. ferrooxidans and whether Glu-tRNA(Glu) distribution between the heme and protein biosynthesis processes may be affected by these conditions. To address this issue, we measured GluRS1 activity. We determined that GluRS1 is inactivated when cells are exposed to H2O2, with a concomitant reduction in intracellular heme level. The effects of H2O2 on the activity of purified glutamyl-tRNA reductase (GluTR), the key enzyme for heme biosynthesis, and on the elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) were also measured. While exposing purified GluTR, the first enzyme of heme biosynthesis, to H2O2 resulted in its inactivation, the binding of glutamyl-tRNA to EF-Tu was not affected. Taken together, these data suggest that in A. ferrooxidans, the flow of glutamyl-tRNA is diverted from heme biosynthesis towards protein synthesis under oxidative stress conditions.
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Turlin E, Heuck G, Simões Brandão MI, Szili N, Mellin JR, Lange N, Wandersman C. Protoporphyrin (PPIX) efflux by the MacAB-TolC pump in Escherichia coli. Microbiologyopen 2014; 3:849-59. [PMID: 25257218 PMCID: PMC4263509 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In most organisms, heme biosynthesis is strictly controlled so as to avoid heme and heme precursor accumulation, which is toxic. Escherichia coli regulates heme biosynthesis by a feedback loop involving heme-induced proteolytic cleavage of HemA, glutamyl-tRNA reductase, which is the first enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway. We show here that heme homeostasis can be disrupted by overproduction of YfeX, a cytoplasmic protein that captures iron from heme that we named deferrochelatase. We also show that it is disrupted by iron chelation, which reduces the intracellular iron concentration necessary for loading iron into protoporphyrin IX (PPIX, the immediate heme precursor). In both cases, we established that there is an increased PPIX concentration and we demonstrate that this compound is expelled by the MacAB-TolC pump, an efflux pump involved in E. coli and Salmonella for macrolide efflux. The E. coli macAB and tolC mutants accumulate PPIX and are sensitive to photo-inactivation. The MacAB-TolC pump is required for Salmonella typhimurium survival in macrophages. We propose that PPIX is an endogenous substrate of the MacAB-TolC pump in E. coli and S. typhimurium and that this compound is produced inside bacteria when natural heme homeostasis is disrupted by iron shortage, as happens when bacteria invade the mammalian host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Turlin
- Unité des Membranes Bactériennes, Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
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Abstract
The emergence of microbial resistance is becoming a global problem in clinical and environmental areas. As such, the development of drugs with novel modes of action will be vital to meet the threats created by the rise in microbial resistance. Microbial photodynamic inactivation is receiving considerable attention for its potentialities as a new antimicrobial treatment. This review addresses the interactions between photosensitizers and bacterial cells (binding site and cellular localization), the ultrastructural, morphological and functional changes observed at initial stages and during the course of photodynamic inactivation, the oxidative alterations in specific molecular targets, and a possible development of resistance.
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Hsieh CM, Huang YH, Chen CP, Hsieh BC, Tsai T. 5-Aminolevulinic acid induced photodynamic inactivation on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Food Drug Anal 2014; 22:350-355. [PMID: 28911425 PMCID: PMC9354871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2013.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop a simple and fast screening technique to directly evaluate the bactericidal effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-mediated photodynamic inactivation (PDI) and to determine the optimal antibacterial conditions of ALA concentrations and the total dosage of light in vitro. The effects of PDI on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the presence of various concentrations of ALA (1.0 mM, 2.5 mM, 5.0 mM, 10.0 mM) were examined. All bacterial strains were exponentially grown in the culture medium at room temperature in the dark for 60 minutes and subsequently irradiated with 630 ± 5 nm using a light-emitting diode (LED) red light device for accumulating the light doses up to 216 J/cm2. Both bacterial species were susceptible to the ALA-induced PDI. Photosensitization using 1.0 mM ALA with 162 J/cm2 light dose was able to completely reduce the viable counts of S. aureus. A significant decrease in the bacterial viabilities was observed for P. aeruginosa, where 5.0 mM ALA was photosensitized by accumulating the light dose of 162 J/cm2. We demonstrated that the use of microplate-based assays—by measuring the apparent optical density of bacterial colonies at 595 nm—was able to provide a simple and reliable approach for quickly choosing the parameters of ALA-mediated PDI in the cell suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ming Hsieh
- Department of Health Development and Health Marketing, School of Healthcare Management, Kainan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hao Huang
- Committee on Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chueh-Pin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Chuan Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsuimin Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Morimoto K, Ozawa T, Awazu K, Ito N, Honda N, Matsumoto S, Tsuruta D. Photodynamic therapy using systemic administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid and a 410-nm wavelength light-emitting diode for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected ulcers in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105173. [PMID: 25140800 PMCID: PMC4139315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a worldwide problem. One potential alternative for bacterial control is photodynamic therapy. 5-aminolevulinic acid is a natural precursor of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX. Relatively little is known about the antibacterial efficacy of photodynamic therapy using the systemic administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid; a few reports have shown that 5-aminolevulinic acid exerts photodynamic effects on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in vitro. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy using 5-aminolevulinic acid and a 410-nm wavelength light-emitting diode in vitro and in vivo for the treatment of MRSA. We found that 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy with the light-emitting diode had an in-vitro bactericidal effect on MRSA. In vivo, protoporphyrin IX successfully accumulated in MRSA on ulcer surfaces after intraperitoneal administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid to mice. Furthermore, 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy accelerated wound healing and decreased bacterial counts on ulcer surfaces; in contrast, vancomycin treatment did not accelerate wound healing. Our findings indicate that 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy may be a new treatment option for MRSA-infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyuki Morimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ozawa
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunio Awazu
- Medical Beam Physics Laboratory, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Ito
- Medical Beam Physics Laboratory, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norihiro Honda
- Medical Beam Physics Laboratory, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sohkichi Matsumoto
- Department of Bacteriology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuruta
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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