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Memariani H, Memariani M, Robati RM, Nasiri S, Abdollahimajd F, Baseri Z, Moravvej H. Anti-Staphylococcal and cytotoxic activities of the short anti-microbial peptide PVP. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:174. [PMID: 33083940 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Over the past years, short anti-microbial peptides have drawn growing attention in the research and trade literature because they are usually capable of killing a broad spectrum of pathogens by employing unique mechanisms of action. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-bacterial effects of a previously designed peptide named PVP towards the clinical strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in vitro. Secondary structure, cytotoxicity, and membrane-permeabilizing effects of the peptide were also assessed. PVP had a tendency to adopt alpha-helical conformation based upon structural predictions and circular dichroism spectroscopy (in 50% trifluoroethanol). The peptide showed MIC values ranging from 1 to 16 µg/mL against 10 strains of MRSA. In contrast to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, PVP at sub-lethal concentration (1 µg/mL) did not provoke the development of peptide resistance after 14 serial passages. Remarkably, 1 h of exposure to 4 × MBC of PVP (8 µg/mL) was sufficient for total bacterial clearance, whereas 4 × MBC of vancomycin (8 µg/mL) failed to totally eradicate bacterial cells, even after 8 h. PVP showed negligible cytotoxicity against human dermal fibroblasts at concentrations required to kill the MRSA strains. The results of flow cytometric analysis and fluorescence microscopy revealed that PVP caused bacterial membrane permeabilization, eventually culminating in cell death. Owing to the potent anti-bacterial activity, fast bactericidal kinetics, and negligible cytotoxicity, PVP has the potential to be used as a candidate antibiotic for the topical treatment of MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Memariani
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Memariani
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Mahmoud Robati
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Dermatology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Nasiri
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Dermatology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zohre Baseri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Moravvej
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Reinosa JJ, Rojo MM, Del Campo A, Martín-González M, Fernández JF. Highly Efficient Antimicrobial Ceramics Based on Electrically Charged Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:39254-39262. [PMID: 31559818 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing threat of multidrug-resistant microorganisms is a cause of worldwide concern. This motivates a necessity to discover new antimicrobial agents or new mechanisms for microorganism eradication, different from those currently used. Here, we report an effective antibacterial ceramic glaze that combines different bactericidal mechanisms. Specifically, the used methodology of the glaze results in glass-free edge crystallizations of feldspar structures at the ceramic surface. A combination of Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman microscopy is used to determine the chemical elements and crystallizations at the ceramic surface. Moreover, Kelvin probe force microscopy demonstrates that the presence of glass-free edges in feldspar needle crystals (semiconductor phase) on a glass matrix (insulator phase) promotes the formation of semiconductor-insulator interface barriers. These barriers act as reservoirs of electric charges of ∼1.5 V, producing a discharge exceeding the microorganism membrane breakdown value (up to 0.5 V). Furthermore, the surface crystallizations account for the formation of a microroughness that limits biofilm formation. Both factors result in high antibacterial activity in the range of R > 4 for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This approach opens new possibilities to attain bactericidal surfaces and to understand the role of physical interaction as a main antimicrobial mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Muñoz Rojo
- Department of Thermal and Fluid Engineering , University of Twente , 5, Drienerlolaan , Enschede 7500 AE , The Netherlands
| | - Adolfo Del Campo
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio (ICV-CSIC) , C/ Kelsen 5 , E-28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Marisol Martín-González
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología (CNM-CSIC) , C/ Isaac Newton 8, PTM , E-28760 Tres Cantos , Spain
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Shahbazian JH, Hahn PD, Ludwig S, Ferguson J, Baron P, Christ A, Spicer K, Tolomeo P, Torrie AM, Bilker WB, Cluzet VC, Hu B, Julian K, Nachamkin I, Rankin SC, Morris DO, Lautenbach E, Davis MF. Multidrug and Mupirocin Resistance in Environmental Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates from Homes of People Diagnosed with Community-Onset MRSA Infection. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e01369-17. [PMID: 28939607 PMCID: PMC5666133 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01369-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with community-onset (CO) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections contribute to MRSA contamination of the home environment and may be reexposed to MRSA strains from this reservoir. This study evaluates One Health risk factors, which focus on the relationship between humans, animals, and the environment, for the increased prevalence of multiple antimicrobial-resistant MRSA isolates in the home environment. During a trial of patients with CO-MRSA infection, MRSA was isolated from the household environment at the baseline and 3 months later, following randomization of patients and household members to mupirocin-based decolonization therapy or an education control group. Up to two environmental MRSA isolates collected at each visit were tested. MRSA isolates were identified in 68% (65/95) of homes at the baseline (n = 104 isolates) and 51% (33/65) of homes 3 months later (n = 56 isolates). The rates of multidrug resistance (MDR) were 61% among isolates collected at the baseline and 55% among isolates collected at the visit 3 months later. At the baseline, 100% (14/14) of MRSA isolates from rural homes were MDR. While antimicrobial use by humans or pets was associated with an increased risk for the isolation of MDR MRSA from the environment, clindamycin use was not associated with an increased risk for the isolation of MDR MRSA. Incident low-level mupirocin-resistant MRSA strains were isolated at 3 months from 2 (5%) of 39 homes that were randomized to mupirocin treatment but none of the control homes. Among patients recently treated for a CO-MRSA infection, MRSA and MDR MRSA were common contaminants in the home environment. This study contributes to evidence that occupant use of antimicrobial drugs, except for clindamycin, is associated with MDR MRSA in the home environmental reservoir. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT00966446.)IMPORTANCE MRSA is a common bacterial agent implicated in skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in both community and health care settings. Patients with CO-MRSA infections contribute to environmental MRSA contamination in these settings and may be reexposed to MRSA strains from these reservoirs. People interact with natural and built environments; therefore, understanding the relationships between humans and animals as well as the characteristics of environmental reservoirs is important to advance strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance. Household interactions may influence the frequency and duration of exposure, which in turn may impact the duration of MRSA colonization or the probability for recurrent colonization and infection. Therefore, MRSA contamination of the home environment may contribute to human and animal recolonization and decolonization treatment failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate One Health risk factors that may be amenable to intervention and may influence the recovery of MDR and mupirocin resistance in CO-MRSA isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Shahbazian
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - P D Hahn
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S Ludwig
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J Ferguson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - P Baron
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - A Christ
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - K Spicer
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - P Tolomeo
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A M Torrie
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - W B Bilker
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - V C Cluzet
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - B Hu
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - K Julian
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - I Nachamkin
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - S C Rankin
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - D O Morris
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - E Lautenbach
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M F Davis
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Slater NA, Gilligan PH, Morrell DS. Longitudinal Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles of Staphylococcus aureus Cutaneous Infections in a Pediatric Outpatient Population. Pediatr Dermatol 2016; 33:e270-1. [PMID: 27384814 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal update on Staphylococcus aureus prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns surveyd 291 cultures from 188 patients in a pediatric outpatient dermatology clinic with suspected skin and soft tissue infections. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus remained stable at 24%. Staphylococcus aureus resistance to tetracyclines modestly but demonstrably increased in the interval since 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel A Slater
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Peter H Gilligan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Clinical Microbiology-Immunology Laboratories, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill HealthCare, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dean S Morrell
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina .
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