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Zhao Z, Yang T, Xiang G, Zhang S, Cai Y, Zhong G, Pu J, Shen C, Zeng J, Chen C, Huang B. A novel small RNA PhaS contributes to polymyxin B-heteroresistance in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2366354. [PMID: 38979571 PMCID: PMC11238654 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2366354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, polymyxin has been used as a last-resort therapy for carbapenem-resistant bacterial infections. The emergence of heteroresistance (HR) to polymyxin hampers the efficacy of polymyxin treatment by amplifying resistant subpopulation. However, the mechanisms behind polymyxin HR remain unclear. Small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) play an important role in regulating drug resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of sRNA on polymyxin B (PB)-HR in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. In this study, a novel sRNA PhaS was identified by transcriptome sequencing. PhaS expression was elevated in the PB heteroresistant subpopulation. Overexpression and deletion of PhaS were constructed in three carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae strains. Population analysis profiling, growth curve, and time-killing curve analysis showed that PhaS enhanced PB-HR. In addition, we verified that PhaS directly targeted phoP through the green fluorescent protein reporter system. PhaS promoted the expression of phoP, thereby encouraging the expression of downstream genes pmrD and arnT. This upregulation of arnT promoted the 4-amino-4-deoxyL-arabinosaccharide (L-Ara4N) modification of lipid A in PhaS overexpressing strains, thus enhancing PB-HR. Further, within the promoter region of PhaS, specific PhoP recognition sites were identified. ONPG assays and RT-qPCR analysis confirmed that PhaS expression was positively modulated by PhoP and thus up-regulated by PB stimulation. To sum up, a novel sRNA enhancing PB-HR was identified and a positive feedback regulatory pathway of sRNA-PhoP/Q was demonstrated in the study. This helps to provide a more comprehensive and clear understanding of the underlying mechanisms behind polymyxin HR in carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoxiu Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shebin Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yimei Cai
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guosheng Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieying Pu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong Shen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianming Zeng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cha Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Treilles M, Châtre P, Drapeau A, Madec JY, Haenni M. Spread of the mcr-1 colistin-resistance gene in Escherichia coli through plasmid transmission and chromosomal transposition in French goats. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1023403. [PMID: 36687643 PMCID: PMC9846274 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1023403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colistin-resistance widely disseminated in food-producing animals due to decades of colistin use to treat diarrhea. The plasmid-borne mcr-1 gene has been extensively reported from bovine, swine and chicken worldwide, but smaller productions such as the goat farming sector were much less surveyed. Methods We looked for colistin-resistant isolates presenting plasmid-borne genes of the mcr family in both breeding (n=80) and fattening farms (n=5). Localization of the mcr-1 gene was performed using Southern blot analysis coupled to short-read and long-read sequencing. Results Only the mcr-1 gene was identified in 10% (8/80) of the breeding farms and four over the five fattening farms. In total, 4.2% (65/1561) of the animals tested in breeding farms and 60.0% (84/140) of those tested in fattening farms presented a mcr-1-positive E. coli. The mcr-1 gene was located either on the chromosome (32.2%) or on IncX4 (38.9%) and IncHI2 (26.8%) plasmids. As expected, both clonal expansion and plasmidic transfers were observed in farms where the mcr-1 gene was carried by plasmids. Tn6330 transposition was observed in the chromosome of diverse E. coli sequence types within the same farm. Discussion Our results show that the mcr-1 gene is circulating in goat production and is located either on plasmids or on the chromosome. Evidence of Tn6330 transposition highlighted the fact that chromosomal insertion does not impair the transmission capability of the mcr-1 gene. Only strict hygiene and biosecurity procedures in breeding farms, as well as a prudent use of antibiotics in fattening farms, can avoid such complex contamination pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Treilles
- Laboratoire d’Analyse Qualyse, Champdeniers Saint-Denis, France,Association Régionale de Prévention contre la résistance aux Antimicrobiens, Champdeniers Saint Denis, France
| | - Pierre Châtre
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES) – Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Antoine Drapeau
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES) – Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES) – Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES) – Université de Lyon, Lyon, France,*Correspondence: Marisa Haenni, ✉
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Zhao B, Han H, He K, Hou WF, Liang YL, Cui JL, He DD, Hu GZ, Liu JH, Yuan L. Decreased cyclic-AMP caused by ATP contributes to fosfomycin heteroresistance in avian Escherichia coli. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 78:216-224. [PMID: 36374526 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fosfomycin is an important broad-spectrum bactericidal antibiotic to treat multidrug-resistant bacteria infections. It is generally accepted that heteroresistant bacteria are an intermediate stage in the formation of drug resistance, but there are few studies on the formation mechanism underlying fosfomycin heteroresistance (FHR). OBJECTIVES To reveal the characteristics and formation mechanisms of FHR in Escherichia coli isolates obtained from chickens. METHODS We identified the FHR according to the population analysis profile (PAP) test and in vitro time-kill assay. Growth curves for FHR E. coli and their subpopulations were measured. Also, the subpopulations were repeatedly cultured in fosfomycin-free medium for 5-20 overnight incubation periods. The formation mechanisms of FHR in E. coli isolates were identified through accumulation assay, carbohydrate utilization testing, real-time relative quantitative PCR analysis, DNA sequencing, transcriptomic analysis, intracellular ATP and cAMP-level assessment. RESULTS Four of six E. coli strains were confirmed to show FHR, with a total of six subpopulations. The subpopulations restored phenotypic susceptibilities to fosfomycin within 5-20 overnight incubation sessions, but four of six subpopulations still maintained FHR characteristics. Differing from their parental isolates, the uptake of fosfomycin in the subpopulations through GlpT was reduced remarkably. Further studies identified that the low expression of glpT was due to the decrease of intracellular cAMP levels in the subpopulations, which was caused by the decreased ATP levels in cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed the formation mechanism of E. coli isolates showing FHR obtained from chicken in China and characterized the dynamic change traits in vitro of the subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhao
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Han Han
- Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kun He
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen-Fei Hou
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu-Lei Liang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun-Ling Cui
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dan-Dan He
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gong-Zheng Hu
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Liu
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Yuan
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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