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Yamada K, Ishii Y, Tateda K. Biochemical characterization of the L1-like metallo-β-lactamase from Stenotrophomonas lactitubi. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0086623. [PMID: 38329347 PMCID: PMC10916395 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00866-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
L1-like metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) exhibit diversity and are highly conserved. Although the presence of the blaL1-like gene is known, the biochemical characteristics are unclear. This study aimed to characterize an L1-like MBL from Stenotrophomonas lactitubi. It showed 70.9-99.7% similarity to 50 L1-like amino acid sequences. The characteristic kinetic parameter was its high hydrolyzing efficiency for ampicillin and nitrocefin. Furthermore, L1-like from S. lactitubi was distinctly more susceptible to inhibition by EDTA than that to inhibition by 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kageto Yamada
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ishii
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tateda
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Sharkady SM, Bailey B, Thompson DK. Characterization of Two Novel AmpC Beta-Lactamases from the Emerging Opportunistic Pathogen, Cedecea neteri. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020219. [PMID: 36830129 PMCID: PMC9952435 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Cedecea (family Enterobacteriaceae) causes a wide spectrum of acute infections in immunocompromised hosts, from pneumonia and bacteremia to oral ulcers and dialysis-related peritonitis. While Cedecea infections are reported infrequently in the literature, documented clinical cases of this emerging opportunistic human pathogen have occurred worldwide. Cedecea neteri has clinical significance and exhibits antimicrobial drug resistance. However, little is known about the molecular basis underlying the resistance phenotypes in C. neteri. We previously hypothesized that the open-reading frame cnt10470 in the C. neteri SSMD04 genome encodes a chromosomal Ambler class C (AmpC) β-lactamase based on sequence homology. In this study, recombinant polyhistidine-tagged proteins were created by cloning the putative ampC genes from SSMD04 and C. neteri ATCC 33855 (a clinical isolate) into the pET-6xHN expression vector, overexpressing the proteins, and then purifying the recombinant AmpCs (rAmpCs) using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (Ni-NTA). The in vitro enzymatic analysis of the purified rAmpCs was performed to determine the Km and kcat for various β-lactam substrates. The rAmpCs are functional class C β-lactamases when assayed using the chromogenic β-lactamase substrate, nitrocefin. The presence of functional AmpCs in both C. neteri strains underscores the necessity of performing antibiotic susceptibility testing in the management of C. neteri infections.
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Biochemical Characterization of the Subclass B3 Metallo-β-Lactamase PJM-1 from Pseudoxanthomonas japonensis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0069122. [PMID: 35943258 PMCID: PMC9487579 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00691-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical properties of the novel subclass B3 metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) PJM-1 expressed in Pseudoxanthomonas japonensis, which is often isolated from the environment, were determined. The 906-bp blaPJM-1 gene in P. japonensis is a species-specific MBL gene, and PJM, with 301 predicted amino acids, has 81.8% amino acid identity with AIM-1. In this study, PJM-1 was recombinantly expressed and purified. PJM-1 showed a low catalytic activity against ceftazidime and cefepime, and it was strongly inhibited by EDTA.
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Yamada K, Yoshizumi A, Nagasawa T, Aoki K, Sasaki M, Murakami H, Morita T, Ishii Y, Tateda K. Molecular and biochemical characterization of novel PAM-like MBL variants, PAM-2 and PAM-3, from clinical isolates of Pseudomonas tohonis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:2414-2418. [PMID: 35786775 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no comprehensive study on PAM-like MBLs. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to characterize novel B3 MBL variants, PAM-2 and PAM-3, from Pseudomonas tohonis clinical isolates. METHODS We evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility and the MBL gene composition of three novel P. tohonis clinical isolates identified at a Japanese hospital, using the broth microdilution method and WGS, respectively. We characterized the PAM-2 and PAM-3 proteins using recombinant protein expression and biochemical evaluations. RESULTS Low carbapenem MICs (meropenem MIC = 0.125-1 mg/L) were observed for all three P. tohonis isolates; however, the isolates produced MBLs. We identified blaPAM-2 and blaPAM-3 as potential genes, belonging to a novel subclass of B3 MBLs. Their genomic sequence was similar to that of blaPAM-1 from Pseudomonas alcaligenes. PAM-2 and PAM-3 comprised 287 amino acids and exhibited 90% amino acid identity with PAM-1, 73% identity with POM-1 from Pseudomonas otitidis and 61% identity with L1 from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Biochemical evaluations of recombinant PAM-2 and PAM-3 revealed similar kcat/Km ratios and demonstrated catalytic activity against all the tested β-lactams, except for aztreonam. In addition, the kcat/Km ratio for imipenem was 40-fold lower than that for meropenem. CONCLUSIONS P. tohonis harbours a species-specific PAM-family MBL gene. This enzyme has higher hydrolytic activity against meropenem compared with that against imipenem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kageto Yamada
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Toho University Omori Medical Centre, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshizumi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nagasawa
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Kotaro Aoki
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Masakazu Sasaki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Toho University Omori Medical Centre, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Hinako Murakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Toho University Omori Medical Centre, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan
| | - Toshisuke Morita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-6 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ishii
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tateda
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
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Dewi DAR, Thomas T, Ahmad Mokhtar AM, Mat Nanyan NS, Zulfigar SB, Salikin NH. Carbapenem Resistance among Marine Bacteria-An Emerging Threat to the Global Health Sector. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102147. [PMID: 34683467 PMCID: PMC8537846 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic microorganisms is a major issue for global public health, as it results in acute or chronic infections, debilitating diseases, and mortality. Of particular concern is the rapid and common spread of carbapenem resistance in healthcare settings. Carbapenems are a class of critical antibiotics reserved for treatment against multidrug-resistant microorganisms, and resistance to this antibiotic may result in limited treatment against infections. In addition to in clinical facilities, carbapenem resistance has also been identified in aquatic niches, including marine environments. Various carbapenem-resistant genes (CRGs) have been detected in different marine settings, with the majority of the genes incorporated in mobile genetic elements, i.e., transposons or plasmids, which may contribute to efficient genetic transfer. This review highlights the potential of the marine environment as a reservoir for carbapenem resistance and provides a general overview of CRG transmission among marine microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewa A.P. Rasmika Dewi
- School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita 286-8686, Japan;
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Udayana University, Bali 80232, Indonesia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia;
| | - Ana Masara Ahmad Mokhtar
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (A.M.A.M.); (N.S.M.N.); (S.B.Z.)
| | - Noreen Suliani Mat Nanyan
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (A.M.A.M.); (N.S.M.N.); (S.B.Z.)
| | - Siti Balqis Zulfigar
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (A.M.A.M.); (N.S.M.N.); (S.B.Z.)
| | - Nor Hawani Salikin
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (A.M.A.M.); (N.S.M.N.); (S.B.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-4-653-2241
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6
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Thompson DK, Sharkady SM. Genomic Insights into Drug Resistance Determinants in Cedecea neteri, A Rare Opportunistic Pathogen. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081741. [PMID: 34442820 PMCID: PMC8401664 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cedecea, a genus in the Enterobacteriaceae family, includes several opportunistic pathogens reported to cause an array of sporadic acute infections, most notably of the lung and bloodstream. One species, Cedecea neteri, is associated with cases of bacteremia in immunocompromised hosts and has documented resistance to different antibiotics, including β-lactams and colistin. Despite the potential to inflict serious infections, knowledge about drug resistance determinants in Cedecea is limited. In this study, we utilized whole-genome sequence data available for three environmental strains (SSMD04, M006, ND14a) of C. neteri and various bioinformatics tools to analyze drug resistance genes in this bacterium. All three genomes harbor multiple chromosome-encoded β-lactamase genes. A deeper analysis of β-lactamase genes in SSMD04 revealed four metallo-β-lactamases, a novel variant, and a CMY/ACT-type AmpC putatively regulated by a divergently transcribed AmpR. Homologs of known resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND)-type multidrug efflux pumps such as OqxB, AcrB, AcrD, and MdtBC were also identified. Genomic island prediction for SSMD04 indicated that tolC, involved in drug and toxin export across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, was acquired by a transposase-mediated genetic transfer mechanism. Our study provides new insights into drug resistance mechanisms of an environmental microorganism capable of behaving as a clinically relevant opportunistic pathogen.
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Levina EO, Khrenova MG. Metallo-β-Lactamases: Influence of the Active Site Structure on the Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance and Inhibition. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:S24-S37. [PMID: 33827398 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921140030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The review focuses on bacterial metallo-β-lactamases (MβLs) responsible for the inactivation of β-lactams and associated antibiotic resistance. The diversity of the active site structure in the members of different MβL subclasses explains different mechanisms of antibiotic hydrolysis and should be taken into account when searching for potential MβL inhibitors. The review describes the features of the antibiotic inactivation mechanisms by various MβLs studied by X-ray crystallography, NMR, kinetic measurements, and molecular modeling. The mechanisms of enzyme inhibition for each MβL subclass are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena O Levina
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Maria G Khrenova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia. .,Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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8
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Diversity and Genetic Basis for Carbapenem Resistance in a Coastal Marine Environment. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.02939-19. [PMID: 32198174 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02939-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to the "last-resort" antibiotics, such as carbapenems, has led to very few antibiotics being left to treat infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Spread of carbapenem resistance (CR) has been well characterized for the clinical environment. However, there is a lack of information about its environmental distribution. Our study reveals that CR is present in a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria in the coastal seawater environment, including four phyla, eight classes, and 30 genera. These bacteria were likely introduced into seawater via stormwater flows. Some CR isolates found here, such as Acinetobacter junii, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Brevundimonas vesicularis, Enterococcus durans, Pseudomonas monteilii, Pseudomonas fulva, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, are further relevant to human health. We also describe a novel metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) for marine Rheinheimera isolates with CR, which has likely been horizontally transferred to Citrobacter freundii or Enterobacter cloacae In contrast, another MBL of the New Delhi type was likely acquired by environmental Variovorax isolates from Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Acinetobacter baumannii utilizing a plasmid. Our findings add to the growing body of evidence that the aquatic environment is both a reservoir and a vector for novel CR genes.IMPORTANCE Resistance against the "last-resort" antibiotics of the carbapenem family is often based on the production of carbapenemases, and this has been frequently observed in clinical samples. However, the dissemination of carbapenem resistance (CR) in the environment has been less well explored. Our study shows that CR is commonly found in a range of bacterial taxa in the coastal aquatic environment and can involve the exchange of novel metallo-β-lactamases from typical environmental bacteria to potential human pathogens or vice versa. The outcomes of this study contribute to a better understanding of how aquatic and marine bacteria can act as reservoirs and vectors for CR outside the clinical setting.
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9
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Wang M, Gao H, Lin N, Zhang Y, Huang N, Walker ED, Ming D, Chen S, Hu S. The antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity of a multidrug-resistant Elizabethkingia anophelis isolate. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e804. [PMID: 30891912 PMCID: PMC6854844 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Elizabethkingia anophelis 12012‐2 PRCM was isolated from a patient with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and lower respiratory tract infection in China. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) analysis demonstrated that it was resistant to 20 antibiotics including trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin, which were effective for the elimination of other Elizabethkingia infections. To investigate multidrug resistance and pathogenicity mechanisms, we analyzed genome features of 12012‐2 PRCM and compared them to the other Elizabethkingia species. The draft genome size was 4.02 Mb with a GC content of 32%, comparable to that of other E. anophelis strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that E. anophelis 12012‐2 PRCM formed a sister group with E. anophelis 502, distinct from clades formed by other clinical and environmental E. anophelis isolates. E. anophelis 12012‐2 PRCM contained multiple copies of β‐lactamase genes as well as genes predicted to function in antimicrobial efflux. It also contained 92 genes that were potentially involved in virulence, disease, and defense, and were associated with resistance and pathogenicity. Comparative genomic analysis showed high homology among three clinical and two environmental E. anophelis strains having a variety of similar antibiotic resistance and virulence factor genes, and similar genomic structure. Applications of this analysis will contribute to understanding the antibiotic resistance and pathogenic mechanisms of E. anophelis infections, which will assist in the management of infections as it increases in prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Wang
- Yun Leung Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hongzhi Gao
- Clinical Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, Fujian Medical University 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Nanfei Lin
- Clinical Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, Fujian Medical University 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Edward D Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Desong Ming
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Shicheng Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Shaohua Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Somboro AM, Osei Sekyere J, Amoako DG, Essack SY, Bester LA. Diversity and Proliferation of Metallo-β-Lactamases: a Clarion Call for Clinically Effective Metallo-β-Lactamase Inhibitors. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e00698-18. [PMID: 30006399 PMCID: PMC6121990 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00698-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide proliferation of life-threatening metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing Gram-negative bacteria is a serious concern to public health. MBLs are compromising the therapeutic efficacies of β-lactams, particularly carbapenems, which are last-resort antibiotics indicated for various multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Inhibition of enzymes mediating antibiotic resistance in bacteria is one of the major promising means for overcoming bacterial resistance. Compounds having potential MBL-inhibitory activity have been reported, but none are currently under clinical trials. The need for developing safe and efficient MBL inhibitors (MBLIs) is obvious, particularly with the continuous spread of MBLs worldwide. In this review, the emergence and escalation of MBLs in Gram-negative bacteria are discussed. The relationships between different class B β-lactamases identified up to 2017 are represented by a phylogenetic tree and summarized. In addition, approved and/or clinical-phase serine β-lactamase inhibitors are recapitulated to reflect the successful advances made in developing class A β-lactamase inhibitors. Reported MBLIs, their inhibitory properties, and their purported modes of inhibition are delineated. Insights into structural variations of MBLs and the challenges involved in developing potent MBLIs are also elucidated and discussed. Currently, natural products and MBL-resistant β-lactam analogues are the most promising agents that can become clinically efficient MBLIs. A deeper comprehension of the mechanisms of action and activity spectra of the various MBLs and their inhibitors will serve as a bedrock for further investigations that can result in clinically useful MBLIs to curb this global menace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anou M Somboro
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Biomedical Resource Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - John Osei Sekyere
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Daniel G Amoako
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Biomedical Resource Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sabiha Y Essack
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Linda A Bester
- Biomedical Resource Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Juan C, Torrens G, González-Nicolau M, Oliver A. Diversity and regulation of intrinsic β-lactamases from non-fermenting and other Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 41:781-815. [PMID: 29029112 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This review deeply addresses for the first time the diversity, regulation and mechanisms leading to mutational overexpression of intrinsic β-lactamases from non-fermenting and other non-Enterobacteriaceae Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens. After a general overview of the intrinsic β-lactamases described so far in these microorganisms, including circa. 60 species and 100 different enzymes, we review the wide array of regulatory pathways of these β-lactamases. They include diverse LysR-type regulators, which control the expression of β-lactamases from relevant nosocomial pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Stenothrophomonas maltophilia or two-component regulators, with special relevance in Aeromonas spp., along with other pathways. Likewise, the multiple mutational mechanisms leading to β-lactamase overexpression and β-lactam resistance development, including AmpD (N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanine amidase), DacB (PBP4), MrcA (PPBP1A) and other PBPs, BlrAB (two-component regulator) or several lytic transglycosylases among others, are also described. Moreover, we address the growing evidence of a major interplay between β-lactamase regulation, peptidoglycan metabolism and virulence. Finally, we analyse recent works showing that blocking of peptidoglycan recycling (such as inhibition of NagZ or AmpG) might be useful to prevent and revert β-lactam resistance. Altogether, the provided information and the identified gaps should be valuable for guiding future strategies for combating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Juan
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Son Espases-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Baleares (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Gabriel Torrens
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Son Espases-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Baleares (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Mar González-Nicolau
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Son Espases-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Baleares (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Son Espases-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Baleares (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
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Škraban J, Kyrpides NC, Shapiro N, Whitman WB, Trček J. Draft genome sequence of Chryseobacterium limigenitum SUR2 T (LMG 28734 T ) isolated from dehydrated sludge. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49:5-6. [PMID: 28774639 PMCID: PMC5790571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The type strain SUR2 of the novel species Chryseobacterium limigenitum was isolated from a dehydrated sludge of the municipal sewage treatment plant in Dogoše near Maribor in Slovenia. The draft genome, with 60 contigs, 4,697,725 bp, 34.4% of G+C content, was obtained using the Illumina HiSeq 2500-1 platform. Joint Genome Institute Microbial Genome Annotation Pipeline (MGAP v.4) has identified 4322 protein-coding sequences including resistance genes against arsenic and other heavy metals. In addition, a subclass B3 metallo-β-lactamase, which confers resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins and carbapenems, was also present in the genome. The genome sequence provides important information regarding bioremediation potential and pathogenic properties of this newly identified species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jure Škraban
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Biology, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | - Janja Trček
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Biology, Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Maribor, Slovenia.
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Crystal Structure of the Metallo-β-Lactamase GOB in the Periplasmic Dizinc Form Reveals an Unusual Metal Site. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:6013-22. [PMID: 27458232 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01067-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) are broad-spectrum, Zn(II)-dependent lactamases able to confer resistance to virtually every β-lactam antibiotic currently available. The large diversity of active-site structures and metal content among MBLs from different sources has limited the design of a pan-MBL inhibitor. GOB-18 is a divergent MBL from subclass B3 that is expressed by the opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen Elizabethkingia meningoseptica This MBL is atypical, since several residues conserved in B3 enzymes (such as a metal ligand His) are substituted in GOB enzymes. Here, we report the crystal structure of the periplasmic di-Zn(II) form of GOB-18. This enzyme displays a unique active-site structure, with residue Gln116 coordinating the Zn1 ion through its terminal amide moiety, replacing a ubiquitous His residue. This situation contrasts with that of B2 MBLs, where an equivalent His116Asn substitution leads to a di-Zn(II) inactive species. Instead, both the mono- and di-Zn(II) forms of GOB-18 are active against penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. In silico docking and molecular dynamics simulations indicate that residue Met221 is not involved in substrate binding, in contrast to Ser221, which otherwise is conserved in most B3 enzymes. These distinctive features are conserved in recently reported GOB orthologues in environmental bacteria. These findings provide valuable information for inhibitor design and also posit that GOB enzymes have alternative functions.
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