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Tang T, Shen K, Li J, Liang X, Tang Y, Li C, He Y. Optimal weak measurement scheme for chiral molecular detection based on photonic spin Hall effect. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:40308-40316. [PMID: 38041335 DOI: 10.1364/oe.500812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a precision method to measure the chiroptical signal of Artemisinin solutions using the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) on the Ce:YIG-YIG-SiO2 structure as a probe. The effects of transmission distance, incident angles, applied magnetic fields of different directions, and beam waist of light on the weak measurement system are analytically investigated through simulations. It is found that decreasing the beam waist of the incident spot, increasing the incident angle, increasing the transmission distance, and adding a longitudinal magnetic field is conducive to enhancing the amplification transverse shift of PSHE, thus the measurement sensitivity is greatly improved. Based on the optimal weak measurement scheme, the detection limit for concentration measurement of artemisinin based on optical rotatory (OR) was reduced to 0.05 mg/ml. The measurement precision of the OR angle has been improved to 10-7rad.
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Madhav H, Patel TS, Rizvi Z, Reddy GS, Rahman A, Rahman MA, Ahmedi S, Fatima S, Saxena K, Manzoor N, Bhattacharjee S, Dixit BC, Sijwali PS, Hoda N. Development of diphenylmethylpiperazine hybrids of chloroquinoline and triazolopyrimidine using Petasis reaction as new cysteine proteases inhibitors for malaria therapeutics. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115564. [PMID: 37321109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a widespread infectious disease, causing nearly 247 million cases in 2021. The absence of a broadly effective vaccine and rapidly decreasing effectiveness of most of the currently used antimalarials are the major challenges to malaria eradication efforts. To design and develop novel antimalarials, we synthesized a series of 4,7-dichloroquinoline and methyltriazolopyrimidine analogues using a multi-component Petasis reaction. The synthesized molecules (11-31) were screened for in-vitro antimalarial activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum with an IC50 value of 0.53 μM. The selected compounds were screened to evaluate in-vitro and in-silico enzyme inhibition efficacy against two cysteine proteases, PfFP2 and PfFP3. The compounds 15 and 17 inhibited PfFP2 with an IC50 = 3.5 and 4.8 μM, respectively and PfFP3 with an IC50 = 4.9 and 4.7 μM, respectively. Compounds 15 and 17 were found equipotent against the Pf3D7 strain with an IC50 value of 0.74 μM, whereas both were displayed IC50 values of 1.05 μM and 1.24 μM for the PfW2 strain, respectively. Investigation of effect of compounds on parasite development demonstrated that compounds were able to arrest the growth of the parasites at trophozoite stage. The selected compounds were screened for in-vitro cytotoxicity against mammalian lines and human red-blood-cell (RBC), which demonstrated no significant cytotoxicity associated with the molecules. In addition, in silico ADME prediction and physiochemical properties supported the drug-likeness of the synthesized molecules. Thus, the results highlighted the diphenylmethylpiperazine group cast on 4,7-dichloroquinoline and methyltriazolopyrimidine using Petasis reaction may serve as models for the development of new antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Madhav
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Tarosh S Patel
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388 120, Gujarat, India
| | - Zeba Rizvi
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, TS, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, UP, India
| | - G Srinivas Reddy
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, TS, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, UP, India
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Md Ataur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Saiema Ahmedi
- Medical Mycology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sadaf Fatima
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Kanika Saxena
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, TS, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, UP, India
| | - Nikhat Manzoor
- Medical Mycology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Souvik Bhattacharjee
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Bharat C Dixit
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388 120, Gujarat, India
| | - Puran Singh Sijwali
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, TS, India.
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Ravindar L, Hasbullah SA, Rakesh KP, Hassan NI. Recent developments in antimalarial activities of 4-aminoquinoline derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 256:115458. [PMID: 37163950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is the fifth most lethal parasitic infection in the world. Antimalarial medications have played a crucial role in preventing and eradicating malaria. Numerous heterocyclic moieties have been incorporated into the creation of effective antimalarial drugs. The 4-aminoquinoline moiety is favoured in antimalarial drug discovery due to the diverse biological applications of its derivative. Since the 1960s, 4-aminoquinoline has been an important antimalarial drug due to its low toxicity, high tolerability, and rapid absorption after administration. This review focused on the antimalarial efficacy of the 4-aminoquinoline moiety hybridised with various heterocyclic scaffolds developed by scientists since 2018 against diverse Plasmodium clones. It could aid in the future development of more effective antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekkala Ravindar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aishah Hasbullah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K P Rakesh
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Nurul Izzaty Hassan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atukuri Dorababu
- Department of Chemistry SRMPP Govt First Grade College Huvinahadagali 583219 India
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Ojha PK, Kumar V, Roy J, Roy K. Recent advances in quantitative structure-activity relationship models of antimalarial drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:659-695. [PMID: 33356651 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1866535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to emerging resistance to the first-line artemisinin-based antimalarials and lack of efficient vaccines and limited chemotherapeutic alternatives, there is an urgent need to develop new antimalarial compounds. In this regard, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling can provide essential information about required physicochemical properties and structural parameters of antimalarial drug candidates. AREAS COVERED The authors provide an overview of recent advances of QSAR models covering different classes of antimalarial compounds as well as molecular docking studies of compounds acting on different antimalarial targets reported in the last 5 years (2015-2019) to explore the mode of interactions between the molecules and the receptors. We have tried to cover most of the QSAR models of antimalarials (along with results from some other related computational methods) reported during 2015-2019. EXPERT OPINION Many QSAR reports for antimalarial compounds are based on small number of data points. This review infers that most of the present work deals with analog-based QSAR approach with a limited applicability domain (a very few cases with wide domain) whereas novel target-based computational approach is reported in very few cases, which leads to huge voids of computational work based on novel antimalarial targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Probir Kumar Ojha
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Joyita Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Kunal Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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Madhav H, Hoda N. An insight into the recent development of the clinical candidates for the treatment of malaria and their target proteins. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112955. [PMID: 33131885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is an endemic disease, prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions which cost half of million deaths annually. The eradication of malaria is one of the global health priority nevertheless, current therapeutic efforts seem to be insufficient due to the emergence of drug resistance towards most of the available drugs, even first-line treatment ACT, unavailability of the vaccine, and lack of drugs with a new mechanism of action. Intensification of antimalarial research in recent years has resulted into the development of single dose multistage therapeutic agents which has advantage of overcoming the antimalarial drug resistance. The present review explored the current progress in the development of new promising antimalarials against prominent target proteins that have the potential to be a clinical candidate. Here, we also reviewed different aspects of drug resistance and highlighted new drug candidates that are currently in a clinical trial or clinical development, along with a few other molecules with excellent antimalarial activity overs ACTs. The summarized scientific value of previous approaches and structural features of antimalarials related to the activity are highlighted that will be helpful for the development of next-generation antimalarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Madhav
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Kushwaha N, Sharma CS. The Chemistry of Triazine Isomers: Structures, Reactions, Synthesis and Applications. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:2104-2122. [PMID: 32727324 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200729160720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Triazine is the six-membered heterocyclic ring containing three nitrogens, which replace the carbon-hydrogen unit in the benzene ring. Based on nitrogen position present in the ring system, it is categorized in three isomeric forms, i.e., 1, 2, 3-triazine (vicinal triazine), 1, 2, 4-triazine (asymmetrical triazine or isotriazine) and 1, 3, 5-triazine (symmetrical or s-triazine or cyanidine). Triazines have a weakly basic property. Their isomers have much weaker resonance energy than benzene structure, so nucleophilic substitution reactions are more preferred than electrophilic substitution reactions. Triazine isomers and their derivatives are known to play important roles possessing various activities in medicinal and agricultural fields such as anti-cancer, antiviral, fungicidal, insecticidal, bactericidal, herbicidal, antimalarial and antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelottama Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, BN College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, BN University, Udaipur, Rajasthan-313001, India
| | - C S Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, BN College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, BN University, Udaipur, Rajasthan-313001, India
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Verma T, Sinha M, Bansal N. Heterocyclic Compounds Bearing Triazine Scaffold and Their Biological Significance: A Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:4-28. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191028111351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Benzene is a six-membered hydrocarbon ring system and if three carbon-hydrogen units of benzene ring are replaced by nitrogen atoms then triazine is formed. Triazines are present in three isomeric forms 1,2,3- triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, and 1,3,5-triazine according to the position of the nitrogen atom. These are weak bases having weaker resonance energy than benzene, so nucleophilic substitution is preferred than electrophilic substitution. Triazine is an interesting class of heterocyclic compounds in medicinal chemistry. Numerous synthetic derivatives of triazine have been prepared and evaluated for a wide spectrum of biological activities in different models with desired findings such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-cancer, antiviral, antimalarial, antiinflammatory, antiulcer, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, insecticidal and herbicidal agents. Triazine analogs have exposed potent pharmacological activity. So, triazine nucleus may be considered as an interesting core moiety for researchers for the development of future drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarawanti Verma
- I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University (IKGPTU), Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Manish Sinha
- Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Nitin Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, BELA, Ropar, Punjab, India
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Devillers J, Devillers H. Toxicity profiling and prioritization of plant-derived antimalarial agents. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 30:801-824. [PMID: 31565973 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2019.1665844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human malaria is the most widespread mosquito-borne life-threatening disease worldwide. In the absence of effective vaccines, prevention and treatment of malaria only depend on prophylaxis and drug-based therapy either in monotherapy or in combination. Unfortunately, the number of available antimalarial drugs presenting different mechanisms of action is rather limited. In addition, the appearance of drug-resistance in the parasite strains impacts the efficacy of the treatments. As a result, there is a crucial need to find new drugs to circumvent resistance problems. In the quest to identify new antimalarial agents a huge number of plant-derived compounds (PDCs) have been investigated. Surprisingly in the in silico PDC screening programs, toxicity filters are either never used or so simple that their interest is limited. In this context, the goal of this study was to show how to take advantage of validated toxicity QSAR models for refining the selection of PDCs. From an original data set of 507 PDCs collected from the literature, the use of toxicity filters for endocrine disruption, developmental toxicity, and hepatotoxicity in conjunction with classical pharmacokinetic filters allowed us to obtain a list of 31 compounds of potential interest. The pros and cons of such a strategy have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Devillers
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay , Jouy-en-Josas , France
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