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Pagmadulam B, Tserendulam D, Rentsenkhand T, Igarashi M, Sawa R, Nihei CI, Nishikawa Y. Isolation and characterization of antiprotozoal compound-producing Streptomyces species from Mongolian soils. Parasitol Int 2019; 74:101961. [PMID: 31437553 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.101961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Natural resources are recognized as important sources of potential drugs for treating various infections, and microorganisms are a rich natural source of diverse compounds. Among the world's microorganisms, actinomycetes, which are abundant in soil and marine, are the well-known producers of a wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites and antibiotics. In the present study, four actinomycetes (samples N25, N6, N18, and N12) were isolated from soil samples in Mongolia. Phylogenetic analysis of these isolates revealed that they share the highest similarity with Streptomyces canus (N25), S. cirratus (N6), S. bacillaris (N18) and S. peucetius (N12), based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Crude extracts were obtained from them using ethyl acetate, and the crude fractions were separated by thin layer chromatography. The fractions were then evaluated for their cytotoxicities and their anti-Toxoplasma and antimalarial activities in vitro. The S. canus (N25) crude extract was selected for further chemical characterization based on its antiprotozoal activities. Using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) was detected and identified in the active fractions of the metabolites from strain N25. We next confirmed that commercially available PCA possesses antiprotozoal activity against T. gondii (IC50: 55.5 μg/ml) and Plasmodium falciparum (IC50: 6.4 μg/ml) in vitro. The results of this study reveal that soil actinomycetes are potential sources of antiprotozoal compounds, and that PCA merits further investigation as an anti-protozoal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baldorj Pagmadulam
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Laboratory of Microbial Synthesis, Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Peace avenue-54b, Mongolia
| | - Dugarsuren Tserendulam
- Laboratory of Microbial Synthesis, Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Peace avenue-54b, Mongolia
| | - Tserennadmid Rentsenkhand
- Laboratory of Microbial Synthesis, Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Peace avenue-54b, Mongolia
| | - Masayuki Igarashi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sawa
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Coh-Ichi Nihei
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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Rydfjord J, Skillinghaug B, Brandt P, Odell LR, Larhed M. Route to 3-Amidino Indoles via Pd(II)-Catalyzed C–H Bond Activation. Org Lett 2017; 19:4066-4069. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Rydfjord
- Organic
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, and ‡Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box-574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bobo Skillinghaug
- Organic
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, and ‡Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box-574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Brandt
- Organic
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, and ‡Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box-574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luke R. Odell
- Organic
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, and ‡Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box-574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Larhed
- Organic
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, and ‡Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box-574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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Starkl Renar K, Iskra J, Križaj I. Understanding malarial toxins. Toxicon 2016; 119:319-29. [PMID: 27353131 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recognized since antiquity, malaria is one of the most infamous and widespread infectious diseases in humans and, although the death rate during the last century has been diminishing, it still accounts for more than a half million deaths annually. It is caused by the Plasmodium parasite and typical symptoms include fever, shivering, headache, diaphoresis and nausea, all resulting from an excessive inflammatory response induced by malarial toxins released into the victim's bloodstream. These toxins are hemozoin and glycosylphosphatidylinositols. The former is the final product of the parasite's detoxification of haeme, a by-product of haemoglobin catabolism, while the latter anchor proteins to the Plasmodium cell surface or occur as free molecules. Currently, only two groups of antimalarial toxin drugs exist on the market, quinolines and artemisinins. As we describe, they both target biosynthesis of hemozoin. Other substances, currently in various phases of clinical trials, are directed towards biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol, formation of hemozoin, or attenuation of the inflammatory response of the patient. Among the innovative approaches to alleviating the effects of malarial toxins, is the development of antimalarial toxin vaccines. In this review the most important lessons learned from the use of treatments directed against the action of malarial toxins in antimalarial therapy are emphasized and the most relevant and promising directions for future research in obtaining novel antimalarial agents acting on malarial toxins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Starkl Renar
- Laboratory of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Jernej Iskra
- Laboratory of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Križaj
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Omrani R, Efrit ML, Akacha AB. Reactivity of Phosphonothioamidates with Acid Chlorides and Primary Amines: Synthesis and Conformational Study of N-Acylated Phosphonothioamidates and Phosphonoamidines. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2015.1071372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Omrani
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University El Manar, Tunis-Tunisia
| | - M. L. Efrit
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University El Manar, Tunis-Tunisia
| | - A. Ben Akacha
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University El Manar, Tunis-Tunisia
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Synthesis and antifungal activity of benzamidine derivatives carrying 1,2,3-triazole moieties. Molecules 2014; 19:5674-91. [PMID: 24796390 PMCID: PMC6270668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19055674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Eighteen novel benzamidine derivatives containing 1,2,3-triazole moieties were synthesized. The in vitro and in vivo fungicidal acitivities of the title compounds and the arylamidine intermediates against Colletotrichum lagenarium and Botrytis cinerea were tested. The synthesized benzamidines exhibited weak antifungal activities in vitro against the tested fungi, but some of the compounds showed excellent activities in vivo to the same strains. Among the compounds tested, 9b showed 79% efficacy in vivo against C. lagenarium at a concentration of 200 μg/mL, and the efficacy of compound 16d (90%) toward the same strain was even superior than that of the commercial fungicide carbendazim (85%).
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Rydfjord J, Svensson F, Trejos A, Sjöberg PJR, Sköld C, Sävmarker J, Odell LR, Larhed M. Decarboxylative palladium(II)-catalyzed synthesis of aryl amidines from aryl carboxylic acids: development and mechanistic investigation. Chemistry 2013; 19:13803-10. [PMID: 23983102 PMCID: PMC3935511 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A fast and convenient synthesis of aryl amidines starting from carboxylic acids and cyanamides is reported. The reaction was achieved by palladium(II)-catalysis in a one-step microwave protocol using [Pd(O2CCF3)2], 6-methyl-2,2′-bipyridyl and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP), providing the corresponding aryl amidines in moderate to excellent yields. The protocol is very robust with regards to the cyanamide coupling partner but requires electron-rich ortho-substituted aryl carboxylic acids. Mechanistic insight was provided by a DFT investigation and direct ESI-MS studies of the reaction. The results of the DFT study correlated well with the experimental findings and, together with the ESI-MS study, support the suggested mechanism. Furthermore, a scale-out (scale-up) was performed with a non-resonant microwave continuous-flow system, achieving a maximum throughput of 11 mmol h−1 by using a glass reactor with an inner diameter of 3 mm at a flow rate of 1 mL min−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Rydfjord
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box-574, 751 23 Uppsala (Sweden)
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Ishigami ST, Goto Y, Inoue N, Kawazu SI, Matsumoto Y, Imahara Y, Tarumi M, Nakai H, Fusetani N, Nakao Y. Cristaxenicin A, an Antiprotozoal Xenicane Diterpenoid from the Deep Sea Gorgonian Acanthoprimnoa cristata. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10962-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302109g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Taro Ishigami
- Graduate School of Advanced
Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Goto
- National Research Center for
Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido,
080-8555, Japan
- Graduate
School of Agricultural
and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Noboru Inoue
- National Research Center for
Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido,
080-8555, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kawazu
- National Research Center for
Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido,
080-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Matsumoto
- Graduate
School of Agricultural
and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yukimitsu Imahara
- Wakayama Laboratory, Biological Institute of Kuroshio, 300-11 Kire, Wakayama-shi,
Wakayama, 640-0351, Japan
| | - Moto Tarumi
- Graduate School of Advanced
Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Graduate School of Advanced
Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Fusetani
- Graduate School of Advanced
Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
- Fisheries and Oceans Hakodate, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakao
- Graduate School of Advanced
Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
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