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Perkins C, Siddiqui S, Puri M, Demain AL. Biotechnological applications of microbial bioconversions. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:1050-1065. [PMID: 26383603 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1083943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Modern research has focused on the microbial transformation of a huge variety of organic compounds to obtain compounds of therapeutic and/or industrial interest. Microbial transformation is a useful tool for producing new compounds, as a consequence of the variety of reactions for natural products. This article describes the production of many important compounds by biotransformation. Emphasis is placed on reporting the metabolites that may be of special interest to the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industries, as well as the practical aspects of this work in the field of microbial transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Munish Puri
- c Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Geelong Technology Precinct, Waurn Ponds, Deakin University , Victoria , Australia , and
| | - Arnold L Demain
- d Charles A. Dana Research Institute for Scientists Emeriti (R.I.S.E.), Drew University , Madison , NJ , USA
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Guo J, Huang F, Huang C, Duan X, Jian X, Leeper F, Deng Z, Leadlay PF, Sun Y. Specificity and promiscuity at the branch point in gentamicin biosynthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:608-18. [PMID: 24746560 PMCID: PMC4039129 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gentamicin C complex is a mixture of aminoglycoside antibiotics used to treat severe Gram-negative bacterial infections. We report here key features of the late-stage biosynthesis of gentamicins. We show that the intermediate gentamicin X2, a known substrate for C-methylation at C-6' to form G418 catalyzed by the radical SAM-dependent enzyme GenK, may instead undergo oxidation at C-6' to form an aldehyde, catalyzed by the flavin-linked dehydrogenase GenQ. Surprisingly, GenQ acts in both branches of the pathway, likewise oxidizing G418 to an analogous ketone. Amination of these intermediates, catalyzed mainly by aminotransferase GenB1, produces the known intermediates JI-20A and JI-20B, respectively. Other pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes (GenB3 and GenB4) act in enigmatic dehydroxylation steps that convert JI-20A and JI-20B into the gentamicin C complex or (GenB2) catalyze the epimerization of gentamicin C2a into gentamicin C2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Wuchang 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanglu Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Chuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Wuchang 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Duan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Wuchang 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyun Jian
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Wuchang 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Finian Leeper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Wuchang 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter F Leadlay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK.
| | - Yuhui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Wuchang 430071, People's Republic of China.
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Xue CM, Tian L, Lin WH, Deng ZW. Anthraquinone derivatives fromMicromonospora rhodorangea. Nat Prod Res 2009; 23:533-8. [DOI: 10.1080/14786410600898961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kumar C, Himabindu M, Jetty A. Microbial Biosynthesis and Applications of Gentamicin: A Critical Appraisal. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008; 28:173-212. [DOI: 10.1080/07388550802262197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Aminoglycoside Antibiotics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-040302-8.50014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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