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Zhou W, Hao B, Bricker TM, Theg SM. A real-time analysis of protein transport via the twin arginine translocation pathway in response to different components of the protonmotive force. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105286. [PMID: 37742925 PMCID: PMC10641609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The twin arginine translocation (Tat) pathway transports folded protein across the cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria, archaea, and across the thylakoid membrane in plants as well as the inner membrane in some mitochondria. In plant chloroplasts, the Tat pathway utilizes the protonmotive force (PMF) to drive protein translocation. However, in bacteria, it has been shown that Tat transport depends only on the transmembrane electrical potential (Δψ) component of PMF in vitro. To investigate the comprehensive PMF requirement in Escherichia coli, we have developed the first real-time assay to monitor Tat transport utilizing the NanoLuc Binary Technology in E. coli spheroplasts. This luminescence assay allows for continuous monitoring of Tat transport with high-resolution, making it possible to observe subtle changes in transport in response to different treatments. By applying the NanoLuc assay, we report that, under acidic conditions (pH = 6.3), ΔpH, in addition to Δψ, contributes energetically to Tat transport in vivo in E. coli spheroplasts. These results provide novel insight into the mechanism of energy utilization by the Tat pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhou
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Binhan Hao
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Terry M Bricker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Steven M Theg
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
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Kang CK, Yamada K, Usuki Y, Ogita A, Fujita KI, Tanaka T. Visualization analysis of the vacuole-targeting fungicidal activity of amphotericin B against the parent strain and an ergosterol-less mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2013; 159:939-947. [PMID: 23475946 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.065714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Here, we sought to investigate the vacuole-targeting fungicidal activity of amphotericin B (AmB) in the parent strain and AmB-resistant mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and elucidate the mechanisms involved in this process. Our data demonstrated that the vacuole-targeting fungicidal activity of AmB was markedly enhanced by N-methyl-N″-dodecylguanidine (MC12), a synthetic analogue of the alkyl side chain in niphimycin, as represented by the synergy in their antifungal activities against parent cells of S. cerevisiae. Indifference was observed only with Δerg3 cells, indicating that the replacement of ergosterol with episterol facilitated their resistance to the combined lethal actions of AmB and MC12. Dansyl-labelled amphotericin B (AmB-Ds) was concentrated into normal rounded vacuoles when parent cells were treated with AmB-Ds alone, even at a non-lethal concentration. The additional supplementation of MC12 resulted in a marked loss of cell viability and vacuole disruption, as judged by the fluorescence from AmB-Ds scattered throughout the cytoplasm. In Δerg3 cells, AmB-Ds was scarcely detected in the cytoplasm, even with the addition of MC12, reflecting its failure to normally incorporate across the plasma membrane into the vacuole. Thus, this study supported the hypothesis that ergosterol is involved in the mobilization of AmB into the vacuolar membrane so that AmB-dependent vacuole disruption can be fully enhanced by cotreatment with MC12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kyung Kang
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yoshinosuke Usuki
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Akira Ogita
- Research Center for Urban Health and Sports, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Fujita
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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Suppression of ribosomal function triggers innate immune signaling through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36044. [PMID: 22606244 PMCID: PMC3351443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Some inflammatory stimuli trigger activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by inducing efflux of cellular potassium. Loss of cellular potassium is known to potently suppress protein synthesis, leading us to test whether the inhibition of protein synthesis itself serves as an activating signal for the NLRP3 inflammasome. Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages, either primed by LPS or unprimed, were exposed to a panel of inhibitors of ribosomal function: ricin, cycloheximide, puromycin, pactamycin, and anisomycin. Macrophages were also exposed to nigericin, ATP, monosodium urate (MSU), and poly I:C. Synthesis of pro-IL-ß and release of IL-1ß from cells in response to these agents was detected by immunoblotting and ELISA. Release of intracellular potassium was measured by mass spectrometry. Inhibition of translation by each of the tested translation inhibitors led to processing of IL-1ß, which was released from cells. Processing and release of IL-1ß was reduced or absent from cells deficient in NLRP3, ASC, or caspase-1, demonstrating the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Despite the inability of these inhibitors to trigger efflux of intracellular potassium, the addition of high extracellular potassium suppressed activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. MSU and double-stranded RNA, which are known to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, also substantially inhibited protein translation, supporting a close association between inhibition of translation and inflammasome activation. These data demonstrate that translational inhibition itself constitutes a heretofore-unrecognized mechanism underlying IL-1ß dependent inflammatory signaling and that other physical, chemical, or pathogen-associated agents that impair translation may lead to IL-1ß-dependent inflammation through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. For agents that inhibit translation through decreased cellular potassium, the application of high extracellular potassium restores protein translation and suppresses activation of the NLRP inflammasome. For agents that inhibit translation through mechanisms that do not involve loss of potassium, high extracellular potassium suppresses IL-1ß processing through a mechanism that remains undefined.
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Ogita A, Fujita KI, Tanaka T. Enhancing effects on vacuole-targeting fungicidal activity of amphotericin B. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:100. [PMID: 22457662 PMCID: PMC3307023 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections are major threats for immunocompromised patients as well as for those undergoing cancer chemotherapy. Amphotericin B (AmB), a classical antifungal drug with a polyene macrolide structure, is widely used for the control of serious fungal infections. However, the clinical use of this antifungal drug is limited by its side effects and the emergence of drug-resistant strains. AmB lethality has been generally attributed to alterations in plasma membrane ion permeability due to its specific binding to plasma membrane ergosterol. Recent studies with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans reveal the vacuole disruptive action as another cause of AmB lethality on the basis of marked amplification of its activity in combination with allicin, an allyl-sulfur compound from garlic. The enhancing effect of allicin is dependent on the inhibition of ergosterol-trafficking from the plasma membrane to the vacuole membrane, which is considered to be a cellular response to protect against disintegration of the vacuole membrane. The polyol macrolide niphimycin (NM) also possesses vacuole-targeting fungicidal activity, which is greater than that of AmB and nystatin. The alkyl side chain attached to the macrolide ring of NM is considered to possess an allicin-like inhibitory effect on the intracellular trafficking of ergosterol. The vacuole-targeting fungicidal activity was additionally detected with a bactericidal cyclic peptide polymyxin B (PMB), and was markedly enhanced when administered together with allicin, monensin, or salinomycin. The synergistic fungicidal activities of AmB and allicin may have significant implications for the development of vacuole-targeting chemotherapy against fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ogita
- Research Center for Urban Health and Sports, Osaka City University Osaka, Japan
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Enhancement effect of N-methyl-N″-dodecylguanidine on the vacuole-targeting fungicidal activity of amphotericin B against the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2011; 64:469-74. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2011.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dependence of vacuole disruption and independence of potassium ion efflux in fungicidal activity induced by combination of amphotericin B and allicin against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2010; 63:689-92. [PMID: 20940723 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2010.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Allicin selectively enhances the fungicidal activity of amphotericin B (AmB). It also accelerates AmB-induced vacuole disruption but does not affect AmB-induced potassium ion efflux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. The fungicidal activity of AmB alone or combined with allicin was further evaluated based on the relationship among cell viability, vacuole disruption and potassium ion efflux in S. cerevisiae. Lethality and vacuole disruption caused by AmB alone were completely restricted when K(+) and Mg(2+) were added to the growth medium. On the other hand, in identical conditions, the combination of AmB and allicin induced both lethality and vacuole disruption. S. cerevisiae Δerg6 cells, which lack ergosterol in plasma membrane, were mostly resistant to AmB as well as the combination of AmB and allicin against both lethality and vacuole disruption. The incorporation of AmB into the cytoplasm of Δerg6 cells was significantly reduced in comparison with that in parent cells, regardless of the presence of allicin. Our results suggest that the fungicidal activity of AmB combined with allicin is involved in vacuole disruption but not in potassium ion efflux, and that the expression of allicin-mediated activity of AmB requires the presence of ergosterol in the plasma membrane.
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Ogita A, Fujita KI, Usuki Y, Tanaka T. Targeted yeast vacuole disruption by polyene antibiotics with a macrocyclic lactone ring. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2010; 35:89-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Borjihan H, Ogita A, Fujita KI, Hirasawa E, Tanaka T. The vacuole-targeting fungicidal activity of amphotericin B against the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans and its enhancement by allicin. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2009; 62:691-7. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2009.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Straede A, Corran A, Bundy J, Heinisch JJ. The effect of tea tree oil and antifungal agents on a reporter for yeast cell integrity signalling. Yeast 2007; 24:321-34. [PMID: 17397109 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell integrity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is ensured by a rigid cell wall whose synthesis is controlled by a highly conserved MAP kinase signal transduction cascade. Stress at the cell surface is detected by a set of sensors and ultimately transmitted through this cascade to the transcription factor Rlm1, which governs expression of many genes encoding enzymes of cell wall biosynthesis. We here report on a number of versatile reporter constructs which link activation of a hybrid, Rlm1-lexA, by the MAP kinase Mpk1/Slt2 to the expression of the bacterial lacZ gene. This system was adapted to automated microwell screening and shown to be activated by a number of compounds inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis or interfering with plasma membrane function. In addition, we tested tea tree oil and two of its purified constituents (alpha-terpineol, terpinen-4-ol) for their effects on growth and on cell integrity signalling using such reporter strains. Tea tree oil was found to inhibit growth of wild-type and slg1/wsc1 mutant cells at a threshold of approximately 0.1% v/v, with the purified compounds acting already at half these concentrations. A mid2 deletion displayed hyper-resistance. Tea tree oil also induces the signalling pathway in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Straede
- Universität Osnabrück, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, AG Genetik, Barbarastrasse 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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Hulkower KI, Wnek AP, McClane BA. Evidence that alterations in small molecule permeability are involved in the Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin-induced inhibition of macromolecular synthesis in Vero cells. J Cell Physiol 1989; 140:498-504. [PMID: 2550473 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041400314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism by which Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) simultaneously inhibits RNA, DNA, and protein synthesis is unknown. In the current study the possible involvement of small molecule permeability alterations in CPE-induced inhibition of macromolecular synthesis was examined. Vero cells CPE-treated in minimal essential medium (MEM) completely ceased net precursor incorporation into RNA and protein within 15 minutes of CPE treatment. However, RNA and protein synthesis continued for at least 30 minutes in Vero cells CPE-treated in buffer (ICIB) approximating intracellular concentrations of most ions. Addition of intracellular concentrations of amino acids to ICIB (ICIB-AA) caused a further small but detectable increase in protein synthesis in CPE-treated cells. ICIB did not affect CPE-specific binding levels or rates. Similar small molecule permeability changes (i.e., 86Rb-release) were observed in cells CPE-treated in either ICIB or in Hanks' balanced salt solution. Collectively these findings suggest that CPE-treatment of cells in ICIB-AA ameliorates CPE-induced changes in intracellular concentrations of ions and amino acids and permits the continuation of RNA and protein synthesis. These results are consistent with and support the hypothesis that permeability alterations for small molecules are involved in the CPE-induced inhibition of precursor incorporation into macromolecules in Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Hulkower
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15261
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Cocucci SM, Ranieri A, Zocchi G. Potassium-Dependent Increase in RNA and Protein Synthesis in the Early Phase of Incubation of the Thermodormant Phacelia tanacetifolia Seeds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1986; 80:891-4. [PMID: 16664737 PMCID: PMC1075225 DOI: 10.1104/pp.80.4.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The seeds of Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. cv Bleu Clair incubated at 30 degrees C in the dark did not germinate and did not activate K(+) uptake capacity. The administration of 1 millimolar K(+) in the early phase of incubation stimulated RNA and protein synthesis. The possible role of K(+) in promoting the marcromolecular syntheses during the early phase of germination is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Cocucci
- Istituto di Chimica Agraria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2-20133 Milano, Italy
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12
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Alonso MA, Carrasco L. Relationship between membrane permeability and the translation capacity of human HeLa cells studied by means of the ionophore nigericin. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1981; 118:289-94. [PMID: 7285924 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1981.tb06399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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