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Morán-Díaz JR, Neveros-Juárez F, Arellano-Mendoza MG, Quintana-Zavala D, Lara-Salazar O, Trujillo-Ferrara JG, Guevara-Salazar JA. QSAR analysis of five generations of cephalosporins to establish the structural basis of activity against methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10730-7. [PMID: 37733244 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10730-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Solving the worldwide problem of growing bacterial drug resistance will require a short-run and medium-term strategy. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) and quantitative SAR (QSAR) analyses have recently been utilized to reveal the molecular basis of the antibacterial activity and antibacterial spectrum of penicillins, the use of which is no longer solely empirical. Likewise, a more rational drug design can be achieved with cephalosporins, the largest group of β-lactam antibiotics. The current contribution aimed to establish the molecular and physicochemical basis of the antibacterial activity of five generations of cephalosporins on methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). With SAR and QSAR analyses, the molecular portions that provide essential and additional antibacterial activity were identified. The substitutions with greater volume and polarity on the R2 side chain of the cephem nucleus increase potency on MSSA. The best effect is produced by substitutions with polar nitrogen atoms at the alpha-carbon (Cα). Substitutions with greater volume and polarity on the R1 side chain further enhance antibacterial activity. In contrast, the effect against MRSA seems to be independent of any substitution on R2 or at the Cα, while depending on the accessory portions with greater volume and polarity on R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Morán-Díaz
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory. Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Unidad Legaria, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Legaria No. 694, C.P. 11500, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Neveros-Juárez
- Department of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Section of Postgraduate Studies and Research. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Griselda Arellano-Mendoza
- Chronic-Degenerative Diseases Laboratory and Section of Postgraduate Studies and Research. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Delia Quintana-Zavala
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory. Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Unidad Legaria, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Legaria No. 694, C.P. 11500, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar Lara-Salazar
- Disruptive Films S.A. de C.V, Department of Analysis and Data Science, Dr. Andrade 458, Col. Atenor Salas, C.P. 03010, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Guadalupe Trujillo-Ferrara
- Department of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Section of Postgraduate Studies and Research. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Alberto Guevara-Salazar
- Department of Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Section of Postgraduate Studies and Research. Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Gilbert N, Ricard S, Bergeron J, Lambolez P, Daoust B. Synthesis of Exo- and Endocyclic Enamides Through Copper-Catalyzed Regioselective Intramolecular N
-Halovinylation. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gilbert
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique; Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières; CP 500 Trois-Rivières Québec Canada
| | - Simon Ricard
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique; Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières; CP 500 Trois-Rivières Québec Canada
| | - Jodrey Bergeron
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique; Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières; CP 500 Trois-Rivières Québec Canada
| | - Pierre Lambolez
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique; Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières; CP 500 Trois-Rivières Québec Canada
| | - Benoit Daoust
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique; Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières; CP 500 Trois-Rivières Québec Canada
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Fuchs PC, Jones RN, Barry AL, Thornsberry C, Ayers LW, Gavan TL, Gerlach EH. In vitro evaluation of cefixime (FK027, FR17027, CL284635): spectrum against recent clinical isolates, comparative antimicrobial activity, beta-lactamase stability, and preliminary susceptibility testing criteria. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1986; 5:151-62. [PMID: 3522088 DOI: 10.1016/0732-8893(86)90117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cefixime, a new orally absorbed cephalosporin, was compared by in vitro testing with other oral beta-lactams, including cephalexin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, amoxicillin, and amoxicillin + clavulanate. Enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by lower concentrations of cefixime than any of the reference drugs; 90% and 95% were inhibited by less than or equal to 1.0 and less than or equal to 8.0 micrograms/ml, respectively. Cefixime was the least active among these drugs against staphylococci, with only 31% of 1106 strains inhibited by less than or equal to 8.0 micrograms/ml and less than 1% by less than or equal to 1.0 microgram/ml. Enterococci and pseudomonads were not susceptible to any of the drugs tested. Penicillin-resistant pneumococci were relatively resistant to cefixime, but penicillin-susceptible pneumococci were very susceptible to cefixime. Other streptococci were generally susceptible to all compounds tested, with relative activities of amoxicillin greater than cefaclor and cefuroxime greater than cefixime greater than cephalexin. Cefixime was inactive against Bacteroides species. A slight inoculum effect occurred with cefixime with inocolum concentrations varying from 10(5) to 10(6) colony forming units per milliliter, but this was more marked at 10(7) colony forming units per milliliter. Cefixime was resistant to hydrolysis by seven common beta-lactamases. It inhibited the hydrolysis of nitrocefin only by type 1 cephalosporinases. The disk diffusion zone diameter breakpoints for the 30-micrograms cefixime disk were determined by regression analysis to be greater than or equal to 27 mm (susceptible) and less than or equal to 23 mm (resistant), respectively corresponding to minimal inhibitory concentration breakpoints of less than or equal to 1.0 and greater than or equal to 4.0 micrograms/ml. Because of the high interpretive error rate (13.8%) and the occurrence of these breakpoints on the parabolic portion of the regression curve, we recommend further evaluation of cefixime disks with lower potencies.
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