1
|
Khilnani GC, Tiwari P, Mittal S, Kulkarni AP, Chaudhry D, Zirpe KG, Todi SK, Mohan A, Hegde A, Jagiasi BG, Krishna B, Rodrigues C, Govil D, Pal D, Divatia JV, Sengar M, Gupta M, Desai M, Rungta N, Prayag PS, Bhattacharya PK, Samavedam S, Dixit SB, Sharma S, Bandopadhyay S, Kola VR, Deswal V, Mehta Y, Singh YP, Myatra SN. Guidelines for Antibiotics Prescription in Critically Ill Patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024; 28:S104-S216. [PMID: 39234229 PMCID: PMC11369928 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
How to cite this article: Khilnani GC, Tiwari P, Mittal S, Kulkarni AP, Chaudhry D, Zirpe KG, et al. Guidelines for Antibiotics Prescription in Critically Ill Patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024;28(S2):S104-S216.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gopi C Khilnani
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, PSRI Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan Tiwari
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Mittal
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Atul P Kulkarni
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dhruva Chaudhry
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Kapil G Zirpe
- Department of Neuro Trauma Unit, Grant Medical Foundation, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Subhash K Todi
- Department of Critical Care, AMRI Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anant Mohan
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashit Hegde
- Department of Medicine & Critical Care, P D Hinduja National Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Bharat G Jagiasi
- Department of Critical Care, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhuvana Krishna
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, St John's Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Camila Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, P D Hinduja National Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Govil
- Department of Critical Care and Anesthesia, Medanta – The Medicity, GuruGram, Haryana, India
| | - Divya Pal
- Department of Critical Care and Anesthesia, Medanta – The Medicity, GuruGram, Haryana, India
| | - Jigeeshu V Divatia
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manju Sengar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mansi Gupta
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Desai
- Department of Immunology, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Narendra Rungta
- Department of Critical Care & Anaesthesiology, Rajasthan Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Parikshit S Prayag
- Department of Transplant Infectious Diseases, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pradip K Bhattacharya
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Srinivas Samavedam
- Department of Critical Care, Ramdev Rao Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Subhal B Dixit
- Department of Critical Care, Sanjeevan and MJM Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudivya Sharma
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Susruta Bandopadhyay
- Department of Critical Care, AMRI Hospitals Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Venkat R Kola
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vikas Deswal
- Consultant, Infectious Diseases, Medanta - The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Yatin Mehta
- Department of Critical Care and Anesthesia, Medanta – The Medicity, GuruGram, Haryana, India
| | - Yogendra P Singh
- Department of Critical Care, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Patparganj, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheila N Myatra
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li F, Zheng W, Yu J, Zhao L. Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess with purulent meningitis and endogenous endophthalmitis: A case report. Front Surg 2022; 9:894929. [PMID: 36090343 PMCID: PMC9448882 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.894929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a rare but typical case of a Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess with migratory infections including purulent meningitis and endogenous endophthalmitis. The patient had a chief complaint of 7 days of fever, 4 days of blurry vision, and 4 h of glossolalia. Ultrasound scan and computed tomography (CT) suggested a liver abscess. Both blood and drainage fluid cultures grew K. pneumoniae with a high mucosal phenotype. The patient was finally diagnosed with a K. pneumoniae liver abscess, purulent meningitis, and endogenous K. pneumoniae endophthalmitis in the right eye. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) of the liver abscess was performed, and meropenem was used to control infection. The patient was given 0.1 ml of vancomycin (10 g/L) and 0.1 ml of ceftazidime (20 g/L) were by intravitreal injection for the treatment of endophthalmitis. The infection was gradually controlled after such treatments. The patient was discharged from our hospital with an improved condition. However, during the time of follow-up, she developed complications due to severe pneumonia and eventually died in a local hospital. This case revealed that a rapid diagnosis followed by appropriate treatment would improve prognosis and prevent severe metastatic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of Stroke Center, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Wenfei Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Correspondence: Zhao Linyan Yu Jian
| | - Linyan Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Correspondence: Zhao Linyan Yu Jian
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khilnani, GC, Zirpe, K, Hadda, V, Mehta, Y, Madan, K, Kulkarni, A, Mohan, A, Dixit, S, Guleria, R, Bhattacharya, P. Guidelines for Antibiotic Prescription in Intensive Care Unit. Indian J Crit Care Med 2019; 23:S1-S63. [PMID: 31516211 PMCID: PMC6734471 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
How to cite this article: Khilnani GC, Zirpe K, Hadda V, Mehta Y, Madan K, Kulkarni A, Mohan A, Dixit S, Guleria R, Bhattacharya P. Guidelines for Antibiotic Prescription in Intensive Care Unit. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2019;23 (Suppl 1):1-63.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- GC Khilnani,
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kapil Zirpe,
- Neuro-Trauma Unit, Grant Medical Foundation, Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijay Hadda,
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Yatin Mehta,
- Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine, Medanta Institute of Critical Care and Anesthesiology, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Karan Madan,
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Kulkarni,
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anant Mohan,
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhal Dixit,
- Sanjeevan and MJM Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Randeep Guleria,
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Bhattacharya,
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Emergency Services, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Woll C, Spotts PH. Klebsiella pneumonia liver abscess syndrome: Case presentation to a college student health clinic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2016; 64:664-667. [PMID: 27628340 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2016.1209758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The authors describe a case of Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess (KPLA) in a student presenting to a university student health center. The authors also provide a review of KPLA and invasive Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess syndrome (IKPLAS), including epidemiology, common clinical manifestations, standard diagnostic work-up, management options, and potential complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Woll
- a Department of Pediatrics , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , North Carolina , USA
| | - P Hunter Spotts
- b Department of Family Medicine (Student Health) , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , North Carolina , USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yagi Y, Okazaki M, Higaki H, Nakai M, Hirata A, Miyamura M. Outcome evaluation of an intervention to improve the effective and safe use of meropenem. Int J Clin Pharm 2014; 36:648-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s11096-014-9949-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
6
|
Siu LK, Yeh KM, Lin JC, Fung CP, Chang FY. Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess: a new invasive syndrome. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2013; 12:881-7. [PMID: 23099082 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(12)70205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a well known human nosocomial pathogen. Most community-acquired K pneumoniae infections cause pneumonia or urinary tract infections. During the past two decades, however, a distinct invasive syndrome that causes liver abscesses has been increasingly reported in Asia, and this syndrome is emerging as a global disease. In this Review, we summarise the clinical presentation and management as well the microbiological aspects of this invasive disease. Diabetes mellitus and two specific capsular types in the bacterium predispose a patient to the development of liver abscesses and the following metastatic complications: bacteraemia, meningitis, endophthalmitis, and necrotising fasciitis. For patients with this invasive syndrome, appropriate antimicrobial treatment combined with percutaneous drainage of liver abscesses increases their chances of survival. Rapid detection of the hypervirulent strain that causes this syndrome allows earlier diagnosis and treatment, thus minimising the occurrence of sequelae and improving clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Kristopher Siu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Characterization of the aqueous iron(III) chelation chemistry of a potential Trojan Horse antimicrobial agent: chelate structure, stability and pH dependent speciation. Biometals 2012; 25:1023-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-012-9568-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
8
|
Kioumis IP, Kuti JL, Nicolau DP. Intra-abdominal infections: considerations for the use of the carbapenems. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2007; 8:167-82. [PMID: 17257087 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.8.2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Intra-abdominal infection remains a common and frequently severe medical condition, carrying with it significant morbidity and mortality. These infections are almost always polymicrobial in nature as they are caused by mixed aerobic/anaerobic intestinal flora. Despite substantial improvements in both the medical and surgical management of these infections over the last several decades, there remains an opportunity to further enhance the utilization of adjunctive antibiotic therapy. As a result of the epidemiology and the current resistance profile of the infecting pathogens, the carbapenems represent a class of antibiotics that are considered appropriate for the treatment of severe intra-abdominal infections. This review will discuss the classification and microbiology of these infections and emerging resistance in the pathogens of interest. The review also and focuses on the role of the carbapenems in the management of the constellation of diseases known as intra-abdominal infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis P Kioumis
- Center for Anti-infective Research and Development, Hartford Hospital, 80 Seymour Street, Hartford, CT 06102, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Understanding the breadth of systemic antimicrobial agents available for use by the dermatologist and their associated side-effect profiles and drug interactions allows the clinician to offer patients optimal care in the management of cutaneous infectious disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N S Sadick
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York City, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chang SC, Fang CT, Chen YC, Hsueh PR, Luh KT, Hsieh WC. In vitro activity of meropenem against common pathogenic bacteria isolated in Taiwan. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1998; 32:273-9. [PMID: 9934544 DOI: 10.1016/s0732-8893(98)00111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro antimicrobial activity of meropenem, in comparison with nine other antimicrobial agents, against 12 different common pathogenic bacteria were evaluated to know the susceptibility of common bacteria to meropenem in Taiwan. Meropenem was active against most Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria, including methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia, Acinetobacter baumannii, Haemophilus influenzae, and Bacteroides fragilis. For many of them, meropenem was the most active one in comparison with other broad-spectrum cephalosporins, aztreonam, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin. It is concluded that meropenem is a very active agent against most common pathogenic bacteria. It is uncommon for these common bacteria, except MRSA and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, to be resistant to meropenem in Taiwan, where a high prevalence of resistance to other antimicrobial agents was found in many of the common bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S C Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Epstein ME, Amodio-Groton M, Sadick NS. Antimicrobial agents for the dermatologist. I. Beta-lactam antibiotics and related compounds. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997; 37:149-65; quiz 166-8. [PMID: 9270499 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(97)80118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We review the newer antimicrobial agents that are being employed by dermatologists with increased frequency as well as some of the more commonly used older agents. Particular emphasis is based on selection factors such as causative pathogens and their resistance profiles, routes of administration, toxicity, drug interactions, and dosing requirements. Emphasis in this review is on the newer classes of antimicrobials such as third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins; beta-lactam, beta-lactamase inhibitor combination agents; monobactams; carbapenems; macrolides; and fluoroquinolones. Dermatologic indications and treatment alternatives are highlighted; this will expand the practicing clinician's therapeutic armamentarium and enable him/her to make rational decisions concerning treatment approaches to infectious disease problems encountered in daily practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Epstein
- Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of meropenem in rat plasma using column-switching. Chromatographia 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02272131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
13
|
Wiseman LR, Wagstaff AJ, Brogden RN, Bryson HM. Meropenem. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacy. Drugs 1995; 50:73-101. [PMID: 7588092 DOI: 10.2165/00003495-199550010-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The parenteral carbapenem meropenem is relatively stable to inactivation by human renal dehydropeptidase (DHP-1) and does not require concomitant administration of a DHP-1 inhibitor such as cilastatin. It has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity in vitro, the majority of Gram-negative, Gram-positive and anaerobic pathogens being highly susceptible to the drug. Meropenem has shown clinical and bacteriological efficacy in the treatment of a wide range of serious infections in adults and children which is at least comparable with that of currently available treatment options. Its clinical and bacteriological efficacy is similar to that of imipenem/cilastatin, clindamycin plus tobramycin and cefotaxime plus metronidazole in the treatment of intraabdominal infections; cefotaxime or ceftriaxone in the treatment of meningitis; imipenem/cilastatin, and ceftazidime with or without an aminoglycoside, in lower respiratory tract infections; and imipenem/cilastatin or ceftazidime in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Satisfactory clinical and bacteriological response rates have also been achieved in patients with skin and skin structure infections, obstetric and gynaecological infections or septicaemia, and in immunocompromised patients with febrile episodes. Preliminary findings also indicate efficacy in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. The tolerability profile of meropenem is generally similar to that of comparator agents, although it is associated with a lower incidence of adverse gastrointestinal effects (nausea and vomiting) than imipenem/cilastatin. Importantly, the incidence of seizures in patients with meningitis is not increased following administration of meropenem. Thus, meropenem is an effective broad spectrum antibacterial drug for the treatment of a wide range of infections including polymicrobial infections in both adults and children, with comparable efficacy to imipenem/cilastatin and various other treatment regimens. Meropenem is likely to be of greatest value as empiric monotherapy in the treatment of serious infections for those caused by multiply-resistant pathogens. Further clinical experience is necessary, however, to ultimately define its place in therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L R Wiseman
- Adis International Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Malanoski G, Collins L, Eliopoulos CT, Moellering RC, Eliopoulos GM. Comparative in vitro activities of L-695,256, a novel carbapenem, against gram-positive bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995; 39:990-5. [PMID: 7786011 PMCID: PMC162669 DOI: 10.1128/aac.39.4.990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro activity of a prototype 2-aryl carbapenem, L-695,256, against gram-positive bacteria was examined. All streptococci and oxacillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococci were inhibited at concentrations of < or = 0.125, < or = 0.125, and 4 micrograms/ml, respectively. The activity of L-695,256 was superior to that of imipenem against other organisms intrinsically resistant to beta-lactams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Malanoski
- Department of Medicine, Deaconess Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe and then compare an investigational carbapenem antibiotic, meropenem, with the only currently available antibiotic in this class, imipenem/cilastatin. DATA IDENTIFICATION An English language search using MEDLINE (1988-1993); Abstracts of the 31st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC), 1991; and Abstracts of the 32nd ICAAC, 1992. STUDY SELECTION All current scientific publications were reviewed for study design and quality. Emphasis was placed on susceptibility and pharmacokinetic analysis. Phase 3 clinical trials are now being completed and have only been published in abstract form. Hence, conclusions derived regarding efficacy were tempered. RESULTS Meropenem is active against a broad spectrum of gram-positive and -negative pathogens including beta-lactamase producers. Meropenem appears to be two- to fourfold less active than imipenem against gram-positive organisms. Meropenem is two- to fivefold more active against enterobacteriaceae. The two compounds appear to be equally active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pharmacokinetic disposition is also similar for imipenem and meropenem. Meropenem may exhibit greater tissue penetration. Meropenem is not labile to renal hydrolysis and can be administered without a competitive antagonist of dihydropeptidase, such as cilastatin. In clinical trials, meropenem appears to be as safe and effective as imipenem/cilastatin or ceftazidime in the treatment of infections involving soft tissue, urinary tract, upper respiratory tract, abdominal processes, and febrile neutropenic episodes. CONCLUSIONS Meropenem is comparable to imipenem in terms of in vitro susceptibility pattern and pharmacokinetic disposition. Overall, meropenem seems to offer promise as the second of the carbapenem class of antibiotics. Clinical data are preliminary, and further data are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R D Pryka
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Toledo, OH 43606
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Leroy A, Fillastre JP, Borsa-Lebas F, Etienne I, Humbert G. Pharmacokinetics of meropenem (ICI 194,660) and its metabolite (ICI 213,689) in healthy subjects and in patients with renal impairment. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992; 36:2794-8. [PMID: 1482147 PMCID: PMC245547 DOI: 10.1128/aac.36.12.2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of meropenem (ICI 194,660) and its open-ring metabolite (ICI 213,689) were studied in 6 healthy volunteers and 16 patients with moderate to severe renal impairment after a single intravenous dose of 500 mg given as a 30-min infusion. Concentrations of unchanged meropenem in plasma and urine were measured by both microbiological and high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assays. A good correlation was found between the two techniques. Pharmacokinetic parameters of unchanged meropenem were determined by using the HPLC data. The terminal half-life of unchanged meropenem increased in relation to the degree of renal impairment, being 1.2 h in subjects with normal renal function and 10 h in patients with end-stage renal failure. Total body clearance and renal clearance of unchanged meropenem are linearly related to creatinine clearance. The concentrations of the metabolite in plasma, which are very low in healthy subjects, significantly increased in uremic patients. The apparent half-life of ICI 213,689 increased in uremic patients and was about 35 h in patients with severe renal insufficiency. Meropenem and its metabolite are effectively removed by hemodialysis. The dialysis clearance of the unchanged drug was 81 +/- 22 ml/min. Dosage adjustments of meropenem will be necessary in patients with severe renal impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Leroy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Rouen, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lang C, Beuth J, Ko HL, Tunggal L, Pulverer G. Antibacterial in vitro-activity of meropenem against 200 clinical isolates in comparison to 11 selected antibiotics. ZENTRALBLATT FUR BAKTERIOLOGIE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 1992; 277:485-92. [PMID: 1303691 DOI: 10.1016/s0934-8840(11)80473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of meropenem, a new parenteral carbapenem, was tested in vitro by an agar dilution method against 200 clinical isolates (gram-negative/positive aerobes and anaerobes). Meropenem was compared with imipenem, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, piperacillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin; and metronidazole, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, vancomycin when appropriate. Meropenem and imipenem exhibited an extended spectrum of activity with low minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Only one strain each of Enterococcus faecium and Pseudomonas (Xanthomonas) maltophilia were resistant. Of the carbapenems, imipenem was slightly more active against Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus agalactiae, and staphylococci, but meropenem was obviously more active against enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium perfringens. Both, meropenem and imipenem had similar activities towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Bacteroides sp. All other antibiotics tested were less potent than the carbapenems with the exception of ciprofloxacin which generally exhibited similar antibacterial activities, except for anaerob microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Lang
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene der Universität, Köln, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Neu HC, Gu JW, Fang W, Chin NX. In vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of LJC 10,627. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992; 36:1418-23. [PMID: 1510436 PMCID: PMC191596 DOI: 10.1128/aac.36.7.1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro activity of LJC 10,627, a new carbapenem, was compared with those of imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and gentamicin. LJC 10,627 inhibited 90% of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae, Hafnia alvei, Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter diversus, Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii, Proteus rettgeri, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas cepacia, salmonellae, shigellae, aeromonas, and yersiniae at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml. Haemophilus influenzae was inhibited by 0.5 microgram/ml, and moraxellae were inhibited by 0.12 microgram/ml. LJC 10,627 was twofold more active than imipenem against aerobic gram-negative organisms and inhibited ceftazidime-, cefotaxime-, and gentamicin-resistant members of the genera Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, and Serratia at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml. Xanthomonas maltophilia strains were resistant to the drug. Imipenem was two- to fourfold more active than LJC 10,627 against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. LJC 10,627 did not inhibit most methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strains. LJC 10,627 inhibited Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae at 0.06 and 0.12 microgram/ml, respectively. Bacteroides fragilis and other Bacteroides spp. were inhibited by 0.5 microgram of LJC 10,627 per ml. Serum (50%) did not affect the MICs. LJC 10,627 was not hydrolyzed by plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases of Bush types 2b, 2b', TEM-1, TEM-2, TEM-3, TEM-5, TEM-7, TEM-9, and SHV-1; the chromosomal beta-lactamases of Bush type 1; P-99; a Morganella enzyme; or a Citrobacter freundii enzyme. The Bush type 2c and 2d enzymes OXA-1, OXA-2, PSE-1, PSE-2, and PSE-4 did not hydrolyze LJC 10,627, nor did the beta-lactamases of Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella spp., Bacteroides fragilis, and Proteus vulgaris. The beta-lactamase of Xanthomonas hydrolyzed LJC 10,627, albeit at approximately one-third the rate that imipenem was hydrolyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H C Neu
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Leroy A, Fillastre JP, Etienne I, Borsa-Lebás F, Humbert G. Pharmacokinetics of meropenem in subjects with renal insufficiency. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1992; 42:535-8. [PMID: 1607000 DOI: 10.1007/bf00314864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of IV meropenem (500 mg over 30 min) has been studied in 6 healthy volunteers and 26 patients with various degrees of renal impairment. Blood samples were taken at different times over 24 h in healthy subjects and 36 to 48 h in uraemic patients, and four or five urine samples were collected over 24 or 48 h. Meropenem concentrations in plasma and urine were measured by a microbiological assay. The mean peak plasma concentration of meropenem ranged from 28 to 40 micrograms.ml-1 and was not affected by the degree of renal impairment. The terminal half-life of meropenem was approximately 1 h in subjects with normal kidney function and it was proportionately increased as renal function decreased. A significant linear relationship between total body clearance and creatinine clearance as well as between renal clearance and creatinine clearance was observed. The mean apparent volume of distribution at steady state was not significantly altered in uraemic patients. The mean cumulative urinary recovery of meropenem in healthy volunteers was 77% of the administered dose and it was significantly decreased in patients with renal impairment. Haemodialysis shortened the elimination half-life, from 9.7 h during the predialysis period to 1.4 h during the dialysis period. The dose of meropenem should be reduced in relation to the decrease in creatinine clearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Leroy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Rouen, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sarubbi F, Franzus B, Verghese A. Comparative activity of meropenem (SM-7338) against major respiratory pathogens and amikacin-resistant nosocomial isolates. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1992; 11:65-8. [PMID: 1563388 DOI: 10.1007/bf01971276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Meropenem, a new broad-spectrum carbapenem antibiotic, demonstrated excellent in vitro activity against major respiratory pathogens including Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of meropenem for Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae isolates were frequently less than those of imipenem. For nosocomial amikacin-resistant gram-negative bacilli, meropenem had eightfold lower MIC90 values compared to imipenem against strains of Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli; it was 32-fold more active than imipenem against Proteus mirabilis isolates. Activity was similar to that of imipenem against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Overall, meropenem showed excellent activity against common community-acquired pathogens as well as amikacin-resistant nosocomial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Sarubbi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Eliopoulos GM, Klimm K, Grayson ML. In vitro activity of sparfloxacin (AT-4140, CI-978, PD 131501), a new quinolone antimicrobial agent. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1990; 13:345-8. [PMID: 2076597 DOI: 10.1016/0732-8893(90)90029-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In vitro activity of sparfloxacin (AT-4140, CI-978, PD 131501) against clinical bacterial isolates was compared with those of ciprofloxacin and vancomycin or imipenem. Sparfloxacin was more active or equal to ciprofloxacin against most Gram-positive species and against Bacteroides fragilis, and it inhibited virtually all Enterobacteriaceae at 1.0 micrograms/ml or less.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Eliopoulos
- Department of Medicine, New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ubukata K, Hikida M, Yoshida M, Nishiki K, Furukawa Y, Tashiro K, Konno M, Mitsuhashi S. In vitro activity of LJC10,627, a new carbapenem antibiotic with high stability to dehydropeptidase I. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1990; 34:994-1000. [PMID: 2203313 PMCID: PMC171745 DOI: 10.1128/aac.34.6.994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro activity of LJC10,627, a new carbapenem, was compared with those of imipenem and ceftazidime. LJC10,627 had broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates. The MICs of this compound for 90% of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae tested (MIC90s), including strains resistant to ceftazidime, ranged from 0.1 to 25 micrograms/ml. LJC10,627 inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa at an MIC90 of 3.13 micrograms/ml; it thus was twofold more active than imipenem. This compound inhibited Haemophilus, Neisseria, and Branhamella species at MIC90s of 3.13, 0.1, and 0.1 micrograms/ml, respectively. LJC10,627 was two- to fourfold less active than imipenem against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis at MIC90s of 0.1 and 0.39 microgram/ml. However, the compound was found to be twofold more active than imipenem against Bacteroides fragilis at an MIC90 of 1.56 microgram/ml. LJC10,627 was very stable to various beta-lactamases except for Xanthomonas maltophilia oxyiminocephalosporinase type II. LJC10,627 was minimally hydrolyzed by swine renal dehydropeptidase I; its residual activity was 93.0% after 2 h. Killing kinetics of this compound for Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed that bactericidal action occurred at concentrations above the MIC (0.05 and 0.39 microgram/ml, respectively). LJC10,627 had a high affinity for penicillin-binding proteins 2, 4, and 1B(s) of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and penicillin-binding proteins 1 and 4 of Staphylococcus aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Ubukata
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sumita Y, Fukasawa M, Okuda T. Affinities of SM-7338 for penicillin-binding proteins and its release from these proteins in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1990; 34:484-6. [PMID: 2334163 PMCID: PMC171622 DOI: 10.1128/aac.34.3.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
SM-7338, a carbapenem antibiotic, had high affinities for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) 1, 2, and 4 of Staphylococcus aureus but not for PBP 3 when a competition assay with [14C]benzylpenicillin was used. However, binding of [14C]SM-7338 was saturated for PBP 3 at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml. These results were due to the rapid release of SM-7338 from PBP 3-SM-7338 complexes with a half-life of 2 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Sumita
- Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Murray PR, Niles AC. In vitro activity of meropenem (SM-7338), imipenem, and five other antibiotics against anaerobic clinical isolates. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1990; 13:57-61. [PMID: 2331851 DOI: 10.1016/0732-8893(90)90055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro susceptibility of 513 recent anaerobic clinical isolates was evaluated against meropenem (SM-7338), a new carbapenem, and six other antibiotics. Virtually all Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria tested were susceptible to meropenem (defined as MICs less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml) with 99.8% of the isolates inhibited by less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml. The activity of meropenem was comparable to imipenem for most clinical isolates. Minor differences were observed for Clostridium and Veillonella (meropenem more active) and other Gram-positive bacilli (imipenem more active). Meropenem inhibited all anaerobes resistant to clindamycin and metronidazole. Bactericidal tests performed with meropenem demonstrated killing activity against all isolates except Clostridium and Lactobacillus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P R Murray
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | | |
Collapse
|