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Huh E, Choi JG, Choi Y, Ju IG, Kim B, Shin YJ, An JM, Park MG, Yim SV, Chung SJ, Seo SU, Kim D, Kim CH, Kim DH, Oh MS. P. mirabilis-derived pore-forming haemolysin, HpmA drives intestinal alpha-synuclein aggregation in a mouse model of neurodegeneration. EBioMedicine 2023; 98:104887. [PMID: 37995468 PMCID: PMC10709029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggesting the importance of the gut-microbiome in intestinal aggregated alpha synuclein (α-syn) have led to the exploration of the possible role of the gut-brain axis in central nervous system degeneration. Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis), a gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacterium, has been linked to brain neurodegeneration in animal studies. We hypothesised that P. mirabilis-derived virulence factors aggregate intestinal α-synuclein and could prompt the pathogenesis of dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the brain. METHODS We used vagotomised- and antibiotic-treated male murine models to determine the pathogenesis of P. mirabilis during brain neurodegeneration. The neurodegenerative factor that is driven by P. mirabilis was determined using genetically mutated P. mirabilis. The pathological functions and interactions of the virulence factors were determined in vitro. FINDINGS The results showed that P. mirabilis-induced motor dysfunction and neurodegeneration are regulated by intestinal α-syn aggregation in vagotomised- or antibiotic-treated murine models. We deduced that the specific virulence factor, haemolysin A (HpmA), plays a role in the pathogenesis of P. mirabilis. HpmA is involved in α-synuclein oligomerisation and membrane pore formation, resulting in the activation of mTOR-mediated autophagy signalling in intestinal neuroendocrine cells. INTERPRETATION Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that HpmA can interact with α-syn and act as a possible indicator of brain neurodegenerative diseases that are induced by P. mirabilis. FUNDING This study was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Huh
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gyu Choi
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Choi
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - In Gyoung Ju
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Jung Shin
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min An
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Gyu Park
- MetaCen Therapeutics Inc. R&D Center, 256 Changryongdae-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Vin Yim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Chung
- Department of Neurology, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 155 Hwasu-ro, Deokyang-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 10475, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Seo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpodae-ro, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Hyung Kim
- Paean Biotechnology, 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34013, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrated Drug Development and Natural Products, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Franck S, Fuhrmann-Selter T, Joseph JF, Michelet R, Casilag F, Sirard JC, Wicha SG, Kloft C. A rapid, simple and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay to determine amoxicillin concentrations in biological matrix of little volume. Talanta 2019; 201:253-258. [PMID: 31122420 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To assess pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin (AMX) in mice, limitations such as a small sampling volume and low drug concentrations have to be addressed. Similar challenges are faced in a clinical framework, e.g. for therapeutic drug monitoring in neonates or small-scale in vitro investigations. An assay enabling quantification of small sample volumes but still at very low concentrations covering a broad concentration range is thus needed. A simple, rapid and highly sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and successfully validated for quantification of AMX in mouse serum according to European Medicines Agency guidelines. Sample preparation enabled the use of only 10 μL of serum, which is 5-fold less than comparable assays and allows to reduce the number of mice used in pharmacokinetic studies. After protein precipitation with 40 μL chilled methanol and dilution of the supernatant with water, the sample was injected into the LC system on a Poroshell 120 Phenyl Hexyl column (2.1 × 100 mm, 2.7 μm). Chromatographic separation was achieved using a gradient method consisting of acetonitrile and ultra-pure water, both with 0.1% (V/V) formic acid. Positive electrospray ionisation in multiple reaction monitoring mode was used for detection and quantification of AMX. Application to murine study samples demonstrated the reliability of the developed method being accurate and precise with a quantification range from 0.01 to 10 μg/mL. The assay is easily transferable due to a simple sample preparation and confirmed stability of AMX under various applied conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Franck
- Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy & Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Kelchstraße 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany; Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tania Fuhrmann-Selter
- Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy & Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Kelchstraße 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan F Joseph
- Core Facility BioSupraMol, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Straße 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robin Michelet
- Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy & Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Kelchstraße 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany; Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fiordiligie Casilag
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sebastian G Wicha
- Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kloft
- Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy & Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Kelchstraße 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany.
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Abgueguen P, Azoulay-Dupuis E, Noel V, Moine P, Rieux V, Fantin B, Bedos JP. Amoxicillin is effective against penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in a mouse pneumonia model simulating human pharmacokinetics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:208-14. [PMID: 17060515 PMCID: PMC1797644 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00004-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2006] [Revised: 02/13/2006] [Accepted: 10/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose oral amoxicillin (3 g/day) is the recommended empirical outpatient treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in many European guidelines. To investigate the clinical efficacy of this treatment in CAP caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with MICs of amoxicillin > or =2 microg/ml, we used a lethal bacteremic pneumonia model in leukopenic female Swiss mice with induced renal failure to replicate amoxicillin kinetics in humans given 1 g/8 h orally. Amoxicillin (15 mg/kg of body weight/8 h subcutaneously) was given for 3 days. We used four S. pneumoniae strains with differing amoxicillin susceptibility and tolerance profiles. Rapid bacterial killing occurred with an amoxicillin-susceptible nontolerant strain: after 4 h, blood cultures were negative and lung homogenate counts under the 2 log(10) CFU/ml detection threshold (6.5 log(10) CFU/ml in controls, P < 0.01). With an amoxicillin-intermediate nontolerant strain, significant pulmonary bacterial clearance was observed after 24 h (4.3 versus 7.9 log(10) CFU/ml, P < 0.01), and counts were undetectable 12 h after treatment completion. With an amoxicillin-intermediate tolerant strain, 24-h bacterial clearance was similar (5.4 versus 8.3 log(10) CFU/ml, P < 0.05), but 12 h after treatment completion, lung homogenates contained 3.3 log(10) CFU/ml. Similar results were obtained with an amoxicillin-resistant and -tolerant strain. Day 10 survival rates were usually similar across strains. Amoxicillin with pharmacokinetics simulating 1 g/8 h orally in humans is bactericidal in mice with pneumonia due to S. pneumoniae for which MICs were 2 to 4 microg/ml. The killing rate depends not only on resistance but also on tolerance of the S. pneumoniae strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Abgueguen
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49933 Angers Cedex 9, France.
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Conte JE, Golden J, Duncan S, McKenna E, Lin E, Zurlinden E. Single-dose intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics of azithromycin, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and cefuroxime in volunteer subjects. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40:1617-22. [PMID: 8807050 PMCID: PMC163383 DOI: 10.1128/aac.40.7.1617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics of azithromycin, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and cefuroxime were studied in 68 volunteers who received single, oral doses of azithromycin (0.5 g), clarithormycin (0.5 g), ciprofloxacin (0.5 g), or cefuroxime (0.5 g). In subgroups of four subjects each, the subjects underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage at timed intervals following drug administration. Drug concentrations, including those of 14-hydroxyclarithromycin (14H), were determined in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and alveolar cells (ACs) by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Concentrations in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) were calculated by the urea diffusion method. The maximum observed concentrations (mean +/- standard deviation) of azithromycin, clarithromycin, 14H, ciprofloxacin, and cefuroxime in serum were 0.13 +/- 0.07, 1.0 +/- 0.6, 0.60 +/- 0.41, 0.95 +/- 0.32, and 1.1 +/- 0.3 microgram/ml, respectively (all at 6 h). None of the antibiotics except clarithromycin (39.6 +/- 41.1 micrograms/ml) was detectable in ELF at the 6-h bronchoscopy. The movement into and persistence in cells was different for azithromycin and clarithromycin. In ACs azithromycin was not detectable at 6 h, reached its highest concentration at 120 h, and exhibited the greatest area under the curve (7,403 micrograms.hr ml-1). The peak concentration of clarithromycin (181 +/- 94.1 micrograms/ml) was greater and occurred earlier (6 h), but the area under the curve (2,006 micrograms.hr ml-1) was less than that observed for azithromycin. 14H was detectable in ACs at 6 h (40.3 +/- 5.2 micrograms/ml) and 12 h (32.8 +/- 57.2 micrograms/ml). The peak concentration of ciprofloxacin occurred at 6 h (4.3 +/- 5.2 micrograms/ml), and the area under the curve was 35.0 micrograms.hr ml-1. The data indicate that after the administration of a single dose, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and ciprofloxacin penetrated into ACs in therapeutic concentrations and that only clarithromycin was present in ELF. The correlation of these kinetic observations with clinical efficacy or toxicity was not investigated and is unclear, but the data provide a basis for further kinetic and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Conte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0208, USA
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Bonacorsi SP, Scavizzi MR, Guiyoule A, Amouroux JH, Carniel E. Assessment of a fluoroquinolone, three beta-lactams, two aminoglycosides, and a cycline in treatment of murine Yersinia pestis infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994; 38:481-6. [PMID: 8203841 PMCID: PMC284484 DOI: 10.1128/aac.38.3.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amoxicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, doxycycline, and ofloxacin were active in vitro, like the reference drug streptomycin, against the virulent strain Yersinia pestis 6/69M. The comparative efficacies of these drugs in vivo were evaluated in a standardized and reproducible mouse model of systemic infection. Each antibiotic was injected intravenously once, at 24 h postinfection, and then repeatedly during 48 h. In vivo results were measured by counting the viable bacteria recovered from the whole spleens of mice sacrificed at selected times. All the drugs were manifestly successful; ceftriaxone, ofloxacine, and the reference drug were the most effective. Therefore, gentamicin and doxycycline could be used, depending on the clinical forms of the Y. pestis infection. Further investigations on beta-lactams, especially those used in the present study, could be carried out to confirm or not confirm their activities against Y. pestis. Ofloxacin appeared to be as active and to perform as rapidly as streptomycin in the treatment of murine Y. pestis infection, which is in agreement with the previous successes obtained with the use of fluoroquinolones in the treatment of murine infections caused by other pathogenic yersiniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Bonacorsi
- Service de Bactério-Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Avicenne, Université Paris-Nord, Bobigny, France
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