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Jatana S, Homer CR, Madajka M, Ponti AK, Kabi A, Papay F, McDonald C. Pyrimidine synthesis inhibition enhances cutaneous defenses against antibiotic resistant bacteria through activation of NOD2 signaling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8708. [PMID: 29880914 PMCID: PMC5992176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacterial strains are a rapidly emerging healthcare threat; therefore it is critical to develop new therapies to combat these organisms. Prior antibacterial strategies directly target pathogen growth or viability. Host-directed strategies to increase antimicrobial defenses may be an effective alternative to antibiotics and reduce development of resistant strains. In this study, we demonstrated the efficacy of a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor, N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate (PALA), to enhance clearance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii strains by primary human dermal fibroblasts in vitro. PALA did not have a direct bactericidal effect, but enhanced cellular secretion of the antimicrobial peptides human β-defensin 2 (HBD2) and HBD3 from fibroblasts. When tested in porcine and human skin explant models, a topical PALA formulation was efficacious to enhance MRSA, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii clearance. Topical PALA treatment of human skin explants also resulted in increased HBD2 and cathelicidin (LL-37) production. The antimicrobial actions of PALA required expression of nucleotide-binding, oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2), receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (RIP2), and carbamoyl phosphatase synthase II/aspartate transcarbamylase/dihydroorotase (CAD). Our results indicate that PALA may be a new option to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections of the skin through enhancement of an integral pathway of the cutaneous innate immune defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Jatana
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Craig R Homer
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Maria Madajka
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - András K Ponti
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amrita Kabi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Francis Papay
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christine McDonald
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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Kale SD, Dikshit N, Kumar P, Balamuralidhar V, Khameneh HJ, Bin Abdul Malik N, Koh TH, Tan GGY, Tan TT, Mortellaro A, Sukumaran B. Nod2 is required for the early innate immune clearance of Acinetobacter baumannii from the lungs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17429. [PMID: 29234083 PMCID: PMC5727160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17653-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is a significant cause of severe nosocomial pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals world-wide. With limited treatment options available, a better understanding of host immnity to A. baumannii infection is critical to devise alternative control strategies. Our previous study has identified that intracellular Nod1/Nod2 signaling pathway is required for the immune control of A. baumannii in airway epithelial cells in vitro. In the current study, using Nod2−/− mice and an in vivo sublethal model of pulmonary infection, we show that Nod2 contributes to the early lung defense against A. baumannii infection through reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) production as Nod2−/− mice showed significantly reduced production of ROS/RNS in the lungs following A. baumannii infection. Consistent with the higher bacterial load, A. baumannii-induced neutrophil recruitment, cytokine/chemokine response and lung pathology was also exacerbated in Nod2−/− mice at early time points post-infection. Finally, we show that administration of Nod2 ligand muramyl dipeptide (MDP) prior to infection protected the wild- type mice from A. baumannii pulmonary challenge. Collectively, Nod2 is an important player in the early lung immunity against A. baumannii and modulating Nod2 pathway could be considered as a viable therapeutic strategy to control A. baumannii pulmonary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep D Kale
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Neha Dikshit
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | | | - Hanif Javanmard Khameneh
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Najib Bin Abdul Malik
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Tse Hsien Koh
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Thuan Tong Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alessandra Mortellaro
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Bindu Sukumaran
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
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Geddes K, Magalhães JG, Girardin SE. Unleashing the therapeutic potential of NOD-like receptors. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2009; 8:465-79. [PMID: 19483708 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are a family of intracellular sensors that have key roles in innate immunity and inflammation. Whereas some NLRs - including NOD1, NOD2, NAIP (NLR family, apoptosis inhibitory protein) and NLRC4 - detect conserved bacterial molecular signatures within the host cytosol, other members of this family sense 'danger signals', that is, xenocompounds or molecules that when recognized alert the immune system of hazardous environments, perhaps independently of a microbial trigger. In the past few years, remarkable progress has been made towards deciphering the role and the biology of NLRs, which has shown that these innate immune sensors have pivotal roles in providing immunity to infection, adjuvanticity and inflammation. Furthermore, several inflammatory disorders have been associated with mutations in human NLRgenes. Here, we discuss the effect that research on NLRs will have on vaccination, treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders and acute bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Geddes
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Drago L, Mombelli B, Fassina MC, De Vecchi E, Gismondo MR. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of cefodizime, ceftriaxone and cefonicid in Klebsiella pneumoniae-infected guinea pigs. Clin Microbiol Infect 1999; 5:371-373. [PMID: 11856282 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.1999.tb00156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Drago
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Milan, L. Sacco Hospital, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy
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