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Khetmalis YM, Sangeetha GP, Chandu A, Swati, Murugesan S, Sharma V, Kumar MM, Kondapalli VG. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel oxindole analogs as antitubercular agents. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1323-1342. [PMID: 37610851 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To design, synthesize and evaluate oxindole derivatives for antitubercular activity. Methodology: We synthesized the derivatives, confirmed their structures by 1H/13C NMR and mass spectrometry, and evaluated them for antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain using the microplate alamarBlue™ assay. Results: Among all the synthesized derivatives, OXN-1, -3 and -7 exhibited excellent antitubercular activity (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC]: 0.78 μg/ml). Compounds with a MIC ≤1.56 were tested for cytotoxicity against human embryonic kidney cells and were found to be relatively nontoxic. Molecular docking analysis of OXN-1, -3 and -7 was performed to determine their binding patterns at the active site of DNA topoisomerase II (PDB-5BS8). In drug combination studies, OXN-1, 3 and 7 showed synergism with isoniazid. Conclusion: The obtained results reveal that oxindole derivatives exhibit potent antitubercular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh M Khetmalis
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Guruvelli Pv Sangeetha
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530003, India
| | - Ala Chandu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Swati
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Muthyala Mk Kumar
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530003, India
| | - Venkata Gcs Kondapalli
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
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Kumar V, Bala R, Dhawan S, Singh P, Karpoormath R. The Multi‐Biological Targeted Role of Dehydrozingerone and its Analogues. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus) Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Renu Bala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus) Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Sanjeev Dhawan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus) Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville campus) Private Bag X01, Scottsville Durban South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus) Durban 4000 South Africa
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Ahmed W, Azmant R, Chendouh-Brahmi N, Ahmed R, Naz S, Qayyum A, El Askary A, Gharib AF, Alrehaili AA, Ali N. Natural and commercial antibiotic comparison with drugs modeling Cell Integrity Cell Stability of Bio-Kinetics Changes under Morphological Topographies cells with lower Toxicological Characteristics for multidrug resistances problem. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103351. [PMID: 35846384 PMCID: PMC9283668 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibacterial drug-resistant strains are a serious problem of bacterial treatments nowadays and have a concern. The plant exacts of Adhatoda vasica and Calotropis procera are well-known for their role as antibiotic agents. The extraction of novel antibiotic compounds was done by HPLC-DAD, their yield is quantified by numerous solvents. The complete biological activity with antioxidants, bio-kinematicof four compounds of B-Sitosteryl linoleate, Myristyl diglucoside, D-Triglucopyranoside, and S- allylcysteine acids were studied. The supercritical fluid extraction techniques were the best strategies for higher yield, accuracy clarity, and inter, intra process of all four compounds. A. vasica and C. procera samples and investigated in six different solvents. D-Triglucopyranoside (13.81 ± 0.48%), Myristyl diglucoside (11.81 ± 0.41%), B- Sitosteryl linoleate (12.81 ± 0.48%), and s-allylcysteine acids (14.81 ± 0.31%) were higher. The design and action of compounds were applied to proper compartmental pharmacokinetic modelling for in-depth design understanding. The morphology and structure of bacterial cells with the extracted compounds upheld the permeability of cell membranes, membrane integrity, and membrane potential and lower the bacterial binding capacity the infectious index was measured in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and their alteration process. Plants have well upheld the cellular permeability The toxicity test was performed on both extracted samples with concentrations (1, 0.4, and 0.8%). The areas under plasma half-life of compounds with their solubility, abortion level were higher in four compounds showed the potential of novel antibiotics. The novel medicinal plants used as antibiotics could be the best sources of infection control as a source of future medicines with antibacterial potential solving multidrug issues of bacteria in the world.
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de Siqueira KA, Liotti RG, de Sousa JR, Vendruscullo SJ, de Souza GB, de Vasconcelos LG, Januário AH, de Oliveira Mendes TA, Soares MA. Streptomyces griseocarneus R132 expresses antimicrobial genes and produces metabolites that modulate Galleria mellonella immune system. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:396. [PMID: 34422537 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacteria is a phylum composed of aerobic, Gram-positive, and filamentous bacteria with a broad spectrum of biological activity, including antioxidant, antitumor, and antibiotic. The crude extract of Streptomyces griseocarneus R132 was fractionated on a C18 silica column and the isolated compound was identified by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance as 3-(phenylprop-2-enoic acid), also known as trans-cinnamic acid. Antimicrobial activity against human pathogens was assayed in vitro (disk-diffusion qualitative test) and in vivo using Galleria mellonella larvae (RT-qPCR). The methanol fractions 132-F30%, 132-F50%, 132-F70%, and 132-F100% inhibited the Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) growth in vitro the most effectively. Compared with the untreated control (60-80% of larvae death), the fractions and isolated trans-cinnamic acid increased the survival rate and modulated the immune system of G. mellonella larvae infected with pathogenic microorganisms. The anti-infection effect of the S. griseocarneus R132 fermentation product led us to sequence its genome, which was assembled and annotated using the Rast and antiSMASH platforms. The assembled genome consisted of 227 scaffolds represented on a linear chromosome of 8.85 Mb and 71.3% of GC. We detected conserved domains typical of enzymes that produce molecules with biological activity, such as polyketides and non-ribosomal and ribosomal peptides, indicating a great potential for obtaining new antibiotics and molecules with biotechnological application. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02942-1.
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Fotopoulos I, Pontiki E, Litina DH. Targeting Inflammation with Conjugated Cinnamic Amides, Ethers and Esters. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666181129125511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Cinnamic acid is a key intermediate in shikimate and phenylpropanoid
pathways. It is found both in free form, and especially in the form of esters in various essential oils,
resins and balsams which are very important intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway of several
natural products. The cinnamic derivatives play a vital role in the formation of commercially important
intermediate molecules which are necessary for the production of different bioactive compounds
and drugs. Different substitutions on basic moiety lead to various biological activities. Furthermore,
combination of appropriate pharmacophore groups with cinnamic acid derivatives were
developed to give hybrids in order to find out promising drug candidates as inhibitors of multiple
biological targets associated with inflammation. We found interesting to continue our efforts to design
and synthesise three series of novel cinnamic acid-based hybrids: a) nitrooxy esters of cinnamic
acid, b) ethers and c) amides of cinnamic acids with arginine, as pleiotropic candidates against multiple
targets of inflammation.
Methods:
The synthesis of cinnamic was established by a Knoevenagel-Doebner condensation of
the suitable aldehyde either with malonic acid in the presence of pyridine and piperidine, or with
phenylacetic acid in the precence of triethylamine in acetic anhydride. The synthesis of the corresponding
esters was conducted in two steps. The ethers were synthesized in low yields, with 1,2 –
dibromoethane in dry acetone, in the presence of K2CO3, to give oily products. The corresponding
cinnamic amides were synthesised in a single step. The synthesised hybrids were tested as lipoxygenase
(LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors in vitro. In silico docking was applied to all the
novel derivatives. Several molecular properties of the hybrids were calculated in order to evaluate
their drug likeness.
Results:
A number of esters, ethers and amides of selected cinnamic acids, either phenyl substituted
or not, has been synthesised and subjected to modelling studies. The compounds were studied in
vitro/in vivo for their inhibitory activities on cox and lox, and as antioxidants. Log P values of all the
title compounds except of 3a (5.38) were found to be less than 5 and are in agreement to Lipinski’s
rule of five, suggesting satisfactory permeability across cell membrane. The molecular modelling
study seems to be in accordance with the experimental results for LOX and COX-2. The result of
antioxidant activity for amide 3b supports the anti-lox activity. Compound 5d presents the higher in
vivo anti-inflammatory.
Conclusion:
According to the experimental findings compounds 3b and 5d can be used as lead
compounds for the design of new molecules to target inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Fotopoulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Eleni Pontiki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Dimitra Hadjipavlou Litina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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Eedara BB, Tucker IG, Zujovic ZD, Rades T, Price JR, Das SC. Crystalline adduct of moxifloxacin with trans-cinnamic acid to reduce the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate for improved residence time in the lungs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 136:104961. [PMID: 31220546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A crystalline adduct of the anti-tubercular drug, moxifloxacin and trans-cinnamic acid (1:1 molar ratio (MCA1:1)) was prepared to prolong the residence time of the drug in the lungs by reducing its solubility and dissolution rate. Whether the adduct is a salt or cocrystal has not been unequivocally determined. Equilibrium solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate measurements for the adduct (MCA1:1) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) revealed a significant decrease in the solubility of moxifloxacin (from 17.68 ± 0.85 mg mL-1 to 6.10 ± 0.05 mg mL-1) and intrinsic dissolution rate (from 0.47 ± 0.04 mg cm-2 min-1 to 0.14 ± 0.03 mg cm-2 min-1) compared to the supplied moxifloxacin. The aerosolization behaviour of the adduct from an inhaler device, Aerolizer®, using a Next Generation Impactor showed a fine particle fraction of 30.4 ± 1.2%. The dissolution behaviour of the fine particle dose of respirable particles collected was assessed in a small volume of stationary mucus fluid using a custom-made dissolution apparatus. The respirable adduct particles showed a lower dissolution (microscopic observation) and permeation compared to the supplied moxifloxacin. The crystalline adduct MCA1:1 has a lower solubility and dissolution rate than moxifloxacin and could improve the local residence time and therapeutic action of moxifloxacin in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian G Tucker
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Zoran D Zujovic
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jason R Price
- ANSTO - Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Rd, Clayton, 3168 Victoria, Australia
| | - Shyamal C Das
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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7
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Letsididi KS, Lou Z, Letsididi R, Mohammed K, Maguy BL. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of trans -cinnamic acid nanoemulsion and its potential application on lettuce. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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8
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Vasconcelos N, Croda J, Simionatto S. Antibacterial mechanisms of cinnamon and its constituents: A review. Microb Pathog 2018; 120:198-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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9
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Synthesis, screening and docking analysis of hispolon analogs as potential antitubercular agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:11-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Hampannavar GA, Karpoormath R, Palkar MB, Shaikh MS, Chandrasekaran B. Dehydrozingerone Inspired Styryl Hydrazine Thiazole Hybrids as Promising Class of Antimycobacterial Agents. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:686-91. [PMID: 27437078 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Series of styryl hydrazine thiazole hybrids inspired from dehydrozingerone (DZG) scaffold were designed and synthesized by molecular hybridization approach. In vitro antimycobacterial activity of synthesized compounds was evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain. Among the series, compound 6o exhibited significant activity (MIC = 1.5 μM; IC50 = 0.48 μM) along with bactericidal (MBC = 12 μM) and intracellular antimycobacterial activities (IC50 = <0.098 μM). Furthermore, 6o displayed prominent antimycobacterial activity under hypoxic (MIC = 46 μM) and normal oxygen (MIC = 0.28 μM) conditions along with antimycobacterial efficiency against isoniazid (MIC = 3.2 μM for INH-R1; 1.5 μM for INH-R2) and rifampicin (MIC = 2.2 μM for RIF-R1; 6.3 μM for RIF-R2) resistant strains of Mtb. Presence of electron donating groups on the phenyl ring of thiazole moiety had positive correlation for biological activity, suggesting the importance of molecular hybridization approach for the development of newer DZG clubbed hydrazine thiazole hybrids as potential antimycobacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish A. Hampannavar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Mahesh B. Palkar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. University College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubballi 580031, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahamadhanif S. Shaikh
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Balakumar Chandrasekaran
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Langeveld WT, Veldhuizen EJA, Burt SA. Synergy between essential oil components and antibiotics: a review. Crit Rev Microbiol 2013; 40:76-94. [DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2013.763219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Yen GC, Chen YL, Sun FM, Chiang YL, Lu SH, Weng CJ. A comparative study on the effectiveness of cis- and trans-form of cinnamic acid treatments for inhibiting invasive activity of human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 44:281-7. [PMID: 21871959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the major cause of tumor-related death, and approximately 70% of lung cancer patients die from metastasis. Evidence that phenolic compounds may have a potential inhibitory effect on cancer invasion and metastasis is increasingly being reported in the scientific literature. Cinnamic acid is a member of phenolics which having several isoforms in nature. The trans-cinnamic acid (t-CA) has been investigated extensively for its potential pharmacological effects whereas the study of cis-cinnamic acid (c-CA) is limited because pure c-CA was hard to obtain. We had developed a practicable method previously to transform and obtain pure c-CA, and the pure compound was used to evaluate the anti-invasive effect on human adenocarcinoma A549 cells. The A549 cells were treated with 0-200 μM of c-CA and t-CA in the presence of 200 nM phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) at 37 °C for 24 h, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, adhesive, migratory, and invasive activities of the cells were determined. The results showed that the treatment of c-CA and t-CA dose-dependently reduced the PMA-induced MMP-2 and -9 activities but without significant effect on the adhesive activity of cells. The PMA-induced motility was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by a 24-h treatment with c-CA and t-CA. The invasive ability was significantly (p<0.05) reduced to 68% and 65%, respectively, relative to PMA treatment alone after treatment of PMA-treated A549 cells with either 50 μM c-CA or 100 μM t-CA for 24 h. The results suggest that both of the c-CA and t-CA are inhibitors for invasion of A549 cells and the activity of c-CA seems to be higher than t-CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gow-Chin Yen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Rd, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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Chen YL, Huang ST, Sun FM, Chiang YL, Chiang CJ, Tsai CM, Weng CJ. Transformation of cinnamic acid from trans- to cis-form raises a notable bactericidal and synergistic activity against multiple-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 43:188-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Hemaiswarya S, Doble M. Synergistic interaction of phenylpropanoids with antibiotics against bacteria. J Med Microbiol 2010; 59:1469-1476. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.022426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids constitute a large part of our daily diet and there is a possibility that they might interact with synthetic drugs. The present work was aimed at studying the interaction of seven phenylpropanoids (cinnamic, p-coumaric, caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic, 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic and 2,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid) with five antibiotics (amikacin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and vancomycin) against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. The interaction studies were performed by chequerboard and time–kill curve assays. Both assays revealed that cinnamic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids were the most active. They combined synergistically with the majority of the antibiotics and exhibited enhanced activity against all the micro-organisms. The time–kill curve parameters were better (P<0.05) for the combinations of amikacin with ferulic, cinnamic or p-coumaric acid than for the individual treatments. Amikacin was the most favourable antibiotic and S. aureus was the most sensitive microbe to most of the combinations. These phenylpropanoids damaged the bacterial membrane as assessed by the LIVE/DEAD
BacLight kit, and structure–activity relationship studies indicated that hydrophilic groups enhanced this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Hemaiswarya
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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15
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Verardo G, Geatti P, Strazzolini P. Rapid and Efficient Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis ofN‐Carbamoyl‐L‐amino Acids. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701317068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Verardo
- a Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies , University of Udine , Udine, Italy
| | - Paola Geatti
- a Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies , University of Udine , Udine, Italy
| | - Paolo Strazzolini
- a Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies , University of Udine , Udine, Italy
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16
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Luna-Herrera J, Costa MC, González HG, Rodrigues AI, Castilho PC. Synergistic antimycobacterial activities of sesquiterpene lactones from Laurus spp. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 59:548-52. [PMID: 17218447 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkl523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the antimycobacterial potential of laurel oil, its fractions and its two sesquiterpene lactones against several mycobacterial strains and clinical isolates, and to establish the possibility of occurrence of some synergistic effects between those lactones using a modification of the fluorometric Alamar Blue microassay (FMABA). METHODS The in vitro antimycobacterial activity of whole oil and its fractions and pure active compounds were determined by FMABA. A bioassay-guided fractionation of the traditional preparation of laurel oil from Madeira Islands was performed, yielding pure compounds chemically identified by standard procedures. Synergism of pure compounds was established by X/Y quotient analysis adapted to FMABA. RESULTS Sesquiterpene lactones, costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone, were the compounds responsible for the antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv with MICs of 6.25 and 12.5 mg/L, respectively. Antimycobacterial activity against drug-resistant M. tuberculosis clinical isolates was better for the mixture than for pure compounds. CONCLUSIONS Both lactones presented synergistic activity, i.e. analysis of relative fluorescence units presented an X/Y value <0.5 at a concentration of 1/8 MIC of each compound in the combination. Establishment of synergism by FMABA represents another application of the microplate Alamar Blue assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Luna-Herrera
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Prolongacion de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, 11430, México City, Mexico
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17
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Bulatovic VM, Wengenack NL, Uhl JR, Hall L, Roberts GD, Cockerill FR, Rusnak F. Oxidative stress increases susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to isoniazid. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:2765-71. [PMID: 12183226 PMCID: PMC127408 DOI: 10.1128/aac.46.9.2765-2771.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoniazid is a first-line antibiotic used in the treatment of infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Isoniazid is a prodrug requiring oxidative activation by the catalase-peroxidase hemoprotein, KatG. Resistance to isoniazid can be obtained by point mutations in the katG gene, with one of the most common being a threonine-for-serine substitution at position 315 (S315T). The S315T mutation is found in more than 50% of isoniazid-resistant clinical isolates and results in an approximately 200-fold increase in the MIC of isoniazid compared to that for M. tuberculosis H37Rv. In the present study we investigated the hypothesis that superoxide plays a role in KatG-mediated isoniazid activation. Plumbagin and clofazimine, compounds capable of generating superoxide anion, resulted in a lower MIC of isoniazid for M. tuberculosis H37Rv and a strain carrying the S315T mutation. These agents did not cause as great of an increase in isoniazid susceptibility in the mutant strain when the susceptibilities were assessed by using the inhibitory concentration that causes a 50% decrease in growth. These results provide evidence that superoxide can play a role in isoniazid activation. Since clofazimine alone has antitubercular activity, the observation of synergism between clofazimine and isoniazid raises the interesting possibility of using both drugs in combination to treat M. tuberculosis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja M Bulatovic
- Section of Hematology Research and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Rastogi N, Goh KS, Horgen L, Barrow WW. Synergistic activities of antituberculous drugs with cerulenin and trans-cinnamic acid against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 1998; 21:149-57. [PMID: 9685005 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.1998.tb01161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The recent upsurge in the incidence of tuberculosis with significant emergence of multidrug-resistant cases has focused on the priority of discovering effective new drugs and on the strategies to augment the potential of existing drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the present study, we investigated cerulenin and trans-cinnamic acid, which have recently been shown to augment the activity of various antibiotics against Mycobacterium avium [Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38 (1994) 2287-2295], to enhance the activity of isoniazid, rifampin, ofloxacin, amikacin and clofazimine against M. tuberculosis. The synergy observed was compared with identical combinations using ethambutol, a cell wall-inhibiting drug used in standard antituberculous chemotherapy. The results showed that ethambutol resulted in synergistic activity in 12/30 drug combinations, as compared to 15/36 for cerulenin and 101/18 for trans-cinnamic acid. This increase in drug activity was even observed with drug-resistant isolates. Use of novel antimicrobials and understanding of their mechanisms of action may be an effective strategy to determine previously undescribed targets for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rastogi
- Unité de la Tuberculose et des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur, Pointe à Pitre, Guadeloupe.
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Rastogi N, Goh KS, Clavel-Sérès S. Stazyme, a mycobacteriolytic preparation from a Staphylococcus strain, is able to break the permeability barrier in multiple drug resistant Mycobacterium avium. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 1997; 19:297-305. [PMID: 9537755 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.1997.tb01100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As a strategy to augment the potential of existing drugs against Mycobacterium avium we investigated a mycobacteriolytic preparation (stazyme) from the Staphylococcus strain Clavelis, which results in significant mycobacterial growth inhibition. A total of 10 specific protein bands were characterized in the stazyme preparation: three bands within a major 40-60 kDa fraction, five bands within the range of 30-90 kDa, and two bands of about 12 and 14 kDa respectively. Tested at concentrations of 50 and 200 microg ml(-1) of total protein, stazyme was highly bactericidal against M. smegmatis, and bacteriostatic against M. tuberculosis and M. avium. Stazyme was able to break the permeability barrier of M. avium isolates, significantly enhancing the activity of other antituberculous drugs (ethambutol, rifampicin, and amikacin), used at sub-MIC level. Stazyme essentially possessed a lytic activity as evidenced by its ability to lyse purified M. smegmatis cell walls. This lytic activity was also confirmed on intact M. smegmatis and M. avium bacilli by transmission electron microscopy. Precise identification of this mycobacteriolytic determinant(s) in stazyme may be helpful to define novel drug targets in mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rastogi
- Unité de la Tuberculose et des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur, Pointe à Pitre, Guadeloupe
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Rivière M, Puzo G, Wright EL, Barrow WW. A unique phenylalanine-containing lipopeptide isolated from a rough-colony variant of Mycobacterium avium. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1996; 241:682-90. [PMID: 8917472 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.00682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous investigations have suggested that the biosynthesis of the Mycobacterium avium serovar-specific glycopeptidolipid antigens involves initial steps that include the participation of lipopeptides. The prevailing assumption is that subsequent glycosylation of those lipopeptides results in the fully glycosylated form of the glycopeptidolipid components. In an effort to identify potential precursors in the biosynthetic pathway of glycopeptidolipid components, we have identified a unique lipopeptide from an M. avium rough variant (MAC702) that was isolated from a patient suffering from a chronic M. avium lung infection. Upon examination it was revealed that although the total lipid extract from MAC702 lacked serovar-specific glycopeptidolipid antigens, it did contain a unique lipopeptide, possessing some amino acids identical to those found in the serovar-specific glycopeptidolipid antigens. Initial examination of acid-hydrolyzed samples of the lipopeptide (lipopeptide-I) revealed the presence of phenylalanine, alanine, and isoleucine, but no carbohydrate. Subsequent mass spectrometric and 1H-NMR and 1H-13C-NMR correlation spectroscopy analysis confirmed the initial results and also revealed the presence of N-methylisoleucine. The following structure for lipopeptide-I was proposed: fatty acyl (C19 or C17)-Phe-N-methyl-Ile-Ile-Phe-Ala-Ile-Ala-Phe. Lipopeptide-I is unlike any heretofore identified compound, however, it does have similar features to lipopeptides previously reported in mycobacteria and fungi. Although its structure does not verify that it is a direct precursor in glycopeptidolipid biosynthesis, the presence of certain components in lipopeptide-I indicate that it may share at least some pathways associated with the biosynthesis of the M. avium serovar-specific glycopeptidolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rivière
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France
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Wright EL, Zywno-van Ginkel S, Rastogi N, Barrow WW. Monoclonal infection involving Mycobacterium avium presenting with three distinct colony morphotypes. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34:2475-8. [PMID: 8880503 PMCID: PMC229297 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.34.10.2475-2478.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent reports indicate that polyclonal infections may play an important role in multiple drug resistance in Mycobacterium avium infections. We report here on the isolation of a single M. avium strain that appeared to have smooth colony morphology upon initial isolation on a Lowenstein-Jensen slant. Primary subculture onto Middlebrook 7H10, however, revealed three distinct morphotypes representing smooth opaque (SmO), smooth transparent (SmT), and rough (Rg) colony morphologies. All three morphotypes were identified as M. avium by standard biochemical procedures, Genprobe analysis, and mycolic acid patterns. Subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, using SalI- and PvuII-digested genomic DNA, revealed identical patterns for hybridization with the IS1245 probe. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of lipids from the three morphotypes revealed that only the SmT morphotype possessed what appeared to be lipid components similar to, but unlike, previously described serovar-specific glycopeptidolipid antigens. Further analysis of internally radiolabeled deacylated lipids from the SmT morphotype, by high-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography, disclosed that some of these components can be internally radiolabeled with [14C] phenylalanine and [14C]mannose. These results suggest that these components are structurally similar to previously described glycopeptidolipid antigens. This is apparently the first report of a monoclonal infection involving a single strain of M. avium presenting with all three colony morphotypes, SmO, SmT, and Rg.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Wright
- Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, USA
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Rastogi N, Goh KS, Van Ginkel SZ, Wright EL, Barrow WW. Identification of new drug targets in Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Res Microbiol 1996; 147:97-105. [PMID: 8761729 DOI: 10.1016/0923-2508(96)80210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Rastogi
- Unité de la Tuberculose et des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, French West Indies
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