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Zhang G, Li J, Ai G, He J, Wang C, Feng J. A new intrinsic aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase subclass, AAC(6')-III, in Burkholderia pseudomallei, Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia oklahomensis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 75:1352-1353. [PMID: 32016409 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guomin Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jialiang He
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Isolation and molecular characterization of citrobacter species in fruits and vegetables sold for consumption in ILE-IFE, Nigeria. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Roberts MC, Schwarz S, Aarts HJM. Erratum: Acquired antibiotic resistance genes: an overview. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:384. [PMID: 23162539 PMCID: PMC3499791 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn C Roberts
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health Seattle, WA, USA
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van Hoek AHAM, Mevius D, Guerra B, Mullany P, Roberts AP, Aarts HJM. Acquired antibiotic resistance genes: an overview. Front Microbiol 2011; 2:203. [PMID: 22046172 PMCID: PMC3202223 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review an overview is given on antibiotic resistance (AR) mechanisms with special attentions to the AR genes described so far preceded by a short introduction on the discovery and mode of action of the different classes of antibiotics. As this review is only dealing with acquired resistance, attention is also paid to mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, transposons, and integrons, which are associated with AR genes, and involved in the dispersal of antimicrobial determinants between different bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela H. A. M. van Hoek
- Laboratory for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the EnvironmentUtrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dik Mevius
- Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen URLelystad, Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht UniversityUtrecht, Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Guerra
- National Salmonella Reference Laboratory, Federal Institute for Risk AssessmentBerlin, Germany
| | - Peter Mullany
- Department of Microbial Diseases, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Adam Paul Roberts
- Department of Microbial Diseases, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Henk J. M. Aarts
- Laboratory for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the EnvironmentUtrecht, Netherlands
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Ghanem S. Cloning of the nptII gene of Escherichia coli and construction of a recombinant strain harboring functional recA and nptII antibiotic resistance. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2011; 10:1445-54. [PMID: 21823094 DOI: 10.4238/vol10-3gmr1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to clone the ORF of the nptII gene of Escherichia coli K12 (ATCC 10798), two degenerate primers were designed based on the nptII sequence of its Tn5 transposon. The nptII ORF was placed under the control of the E. coli hybrid trc promoter, in the pKK388-1 vector, transformed into E. coli DH5α ΔrecA (recombinant, deficient strain). Transferred cells were tested for ampicillin, tetracycline, kanamycin, neomycin, geneticin, paromomycin, penicillin, and UV resistance. The neomycin phosphotransferase gene of E. coli was cloned successfully and conferred kanamycin, neomycin, geneticin, and paromomycin resistance to recombinant DH5α; this did not inhibit insertion of additional antibiotic resistance against ampicillin and tetracycline, meaning the trc promoter can express two different genes carried by two different plasmids harbored in the same cell. This resistance conferral process could be considered as an emulation of horizontal gene transfer occurring in nature and would be a useful tool for understanding mechanisms of evolution of multidrug-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghanem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt.
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Chen KJ, Sun MH, Hwang YS, Chen TL, Lai CC, Chen YP. Endophthalmitis Caused byCitrobacterSpecies. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2009; 16:147-53. [DOI: 10.1080/09273940802184190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Shakil S, Khan R, Zarrilli R, Khan AU. Aminoglycosides versus bacteria – a description of the action, resistance mechanism, and nosocomial battleground. J Biomed Sci 2007; 15:5-14. [PMID: 17657587 DOI: 10.1007/s11373-007-9194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 1944, we have come a long way using aminoglycosides as antibiotics. Bacteria also have got them selected with hardier resistance mechanisms. Aminoglycosides are aminocyclitols that kill bacteria by inhibiting protein synthesis as they bind to the 16S rRNA and by disrupting the integrity of bacterial cell membrane. Aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms include: (a) the deactivation of aminoglycosides by N-acetylation, adenylylation or O-phosphorylation, (b) the reduction of the intracellular concentration of aminoglycosides by changes in outer membrane permeability, decreased inner membrane transport, active efflux, and drug trapping, (c) the alteration of the 30S ribosomal subunit target by mutation, and (d) methylation of the aminoglycoside binding site. There is an alarming increase in resistance outbreaks in hospital setting. Our review explores the molecular understanding of aminoglycoside action and resistance with an aim to minimize the spread of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazi Shakil
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, 202002, Aligarh, India
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Abstract
The serine beta-lactamases present a special problem for phylogenetics because they have diverged so much that they fall into three classes that share no detectable sequence homology among themselves. Here we offer a solution to the problem in the form of two phylogenies that are based on a protein structure alignment. In the first, structural alignments were used as a guide for aligning amino acid sequences and in the second, the average root mean square distances between the alpha carbons of the proteins were used to create a pairwise distance matrix from which a neighbor-joining phylogeny was created. From those phylogenies, we show that the Class A and Class D beta-lactamases are sister taxa and that the divergence of the Class C beta-lactamases pre-dated the divergence of the Class A and Class D beta-lactamases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry G Hall
- Biology Department, Hutchison Hall, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0211, USA.
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Over U, Gür D, Unal S, Miller GH. The changing nature of aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms and prevalence of newly recognized resistance mechanisms in Turkey. Clin Microbiol Infect 2001; 7:470-8. [PMID: 11678929 DOI: 10.1046/j.1198-743x.2001.00284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the most frequently occurring individual and combined resistance mechanisms in Gram-negative bacteria resistant to any of the clinically available aminoglycosides in Turkey, and to compare these mechanisms with those found in smaller, earlier studies. METHODS Aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms in Gram-negative isolates resistant to either gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin or amikacin collected in different regions of Turkey were evaluated both phenotypically and genotypically using 12 aminoglycosides and up to 22 aminoglycoside resistance gene probes. RESULTS Among 696 aminoglycoside-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, resistance rates were very high for gentamicin (94.5%), tobramycin (82.4%), netilmicin (53.6%), and amikacin (49.7%). Although isepamicin was the most active aminoglycoside against Gram-negative bacteria, increased resistance (29.7%) was found and resistance rates were higher than those in most of the other countries surveyed in earlier studies. The most common aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms (AAC(3)-II (GTN), AAC(6')-I (TNA), and ANT(2")-I (GT)) in the earlier studies were also found in the present isolates of Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli, with increased complexity. In addition to these old mechanisms, two new aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms, namely AAC(6')-III (TNAI) and AAC(6')-IV (GTNA), were also found at significant frequencies (11.9% and 26.9%, respectively) in these isolates of Enterobacteriaceae (n = 435). Among the isolates of Pseudomonas spp. (n = 150), in addition to the increased complexity of enzymatic resistance mechanisms (AAC(3)-I (16.6%), AAC(6')-II (29.3%), AAC(6')-III (19.3%), ANT(2")-I (40%)), permeability resistance seemed to be responsible for the high rates of resistance to aminoglycosides. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicated increased resistance to clinically available aminoglycosides, including isepamicin, even though it was the most active, as a result of both the presence of new aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms and the increased complexity of all mechanisms, including permeability resistance, particularly in Pseudomonas in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Over
- Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - D Gür
- Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Unal
- Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - G H Miller
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, New Jersey, USA
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Abstract
Isepamicin is an aminoglycoside antibacterial with properties similar to those of amikacin, but with better activity against strains producing type I 6'-acetyltransferase. The antibacterial spectrum includes Enterobacteriaceae and staphylococci. Anaerobes, Neisseriaceae and streptococci are resistant. The lower and upper break-points are 8 and 16 mg/L. Like other aminoglycosides, isepamicin exhibits a strong concentration-dependent bactericidal effect, a long post-antibiotic effect (several hours) and induces adaptive resistance. Isepamicin is administered intravenously or intramuscularly at a dosage of 15 mg/kg once daily or 7.5 mg/kg twice daily. Isepamicin is not bound to plasma proteins, and it distributes in extracellular fluids and into some cells (outer hair cells, kidney cortex) by active transport. Isepamicin is not metabolised and is eliminated solely via the renal route with an elimination half-life (t 1/2 beta) of 2 to 3 hours in adults with normal renal function. The clearance of isepamicin is reduced in neonates, and 7.5 mg/kg once daily is recommended in children <16 days old. Clearance is also reduced in the elderly, but no dosage adjustment is required. In patients with chronic renal impairment, isepamicin clearance is proportional to creatinine clearance (CLCR); the recommended regimen is 8 mg/kg with an administration interval of 24 hours in moderate impairment, 48 hours in severe impairment, 72 hours for CL(CR) 0.6 to 1.14 L/h (10 to 19 ml/min) and 96 hours for CL(CR) 0.36 to 0.54 L/h (6 to 9 ml/min). In end-stage renal failure, isepamicin is eliminated by haemodialysis, but the administration interval should be determined by monitoring the plasma concentration. Compared with healthy volunteers, patients in the intensive care unit or with neutropenic cancer have an increased volume of distribution and a lower clearance, but the 15 mg/kg once daily regimen remains adequate. Isepamicin kinetics are linear in the range 7.5 to 25 mg/kg, so that dosage adjustments, if necessary, are straightforward. Isepamicin can induce nephro-, vestibulo- and oto-toxicity. However, animal and clinical studies show that isepamicin is one of the less toxic aminoglycosides. The usefulness of maintaining serum aminoglycoside concentrations within a therapeutic range remains controversial. With isepamicin, it is proposed to achieve a 1-hour concentration (30 minutes after a 30-minute infusion) >40 mg/L to maximise bactericidal efficacy, and a 'trough' concentration (at the end of the administration interval) <5 mg/L to minimise toxicity. These thresholds should be modified on an individual basis, considering covariates such as concomitant treatment, underlying disease, nature of bacterial strain and site of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tod
- Department of Pharmacotoxicology, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France.
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Mingeot-Leclercq MP, Glupczynski Y, Tulkens PM. Aminoglycosides: activity and resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43:727-37. [PMID: 10103173 PMCID: PMC89199 DOI: 10.1128/aac.43.4.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M P Mingeot-Leclercq
- Unité de Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Bush K, Miller GH. Bacterial enzymatic resistance: beta-lactamases and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Curr Opin Microbiol 1998; 1:509-15. [PMID: 10066532 DOI: 10.1016/s1369-5274(98)80082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Numerous novel beta-lactamases and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes with altered substrate profiles continue to be identified. Plasmid-mediated transmission of many of these enzymes readily occurs due to inclusion of the encoding genes in mobile gene cassettes. Recent crystallographic determinations of the structures of metallo-beta-lactamases and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes provide the opportunity for the rational design of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bush
- RW Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 1000 Route 202, Raritan NJ 08869, USA.
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