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Pedersbæk D, Simonsen JB. A systematic review of the biodistribution of biomimetic high-density lipoproteins in mice. J Control Release 2020; 328:792-804. [PMID: 32971201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
For the past two decades, biomimetic high-density lipoproteins (b-HDL) have been used for various drug delivery applications. The b-HDL mimic the endogenous HDL, and therefore possess many attractive features for drug delivery, including high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to transport and deliver their cargo (e.g. drugs and/or imaging agents) to specific cells and tissues that are recognized by HDL. The b-HDL designs reported in the literature often differ in size, shape, composition, and type of incorporated cargo. However, there exists only limited insight into how the b-HDL design dictates their biodistribution. To fill this gap, we conducted a comprehensive systematic literature search of biodistribution studies using various designs of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I)-based b-HDL (i.e. b-HDL with apoA-I, apoA-I mutants, or apoA-I mimicking peptides). We carefully screened 679 papers (search hits) for b-HDL biodistribution studies in mice, and ended up with 24 relevant biodistribution profiles that we compared according to b-HDL design. We show similarities between b-HDL biodistribution studies irrespectively of the b-HDL design, whereas the biodistribution of the b-HDL components (lipids and scaffold) differ significantly. The b-HDL lipids primarily accumulate in liver, while the b-HDL scaffold primarily accumulates in the kidney. Furthermore, both b-HDL lipids and scaffold accumulate well in the tumor tissue in tumor-bearing mice. Finally, we present essential considerations and strategies for b-HDL labeling, and discuss how the b-HDL biodistribution can be tuned through particle design and administration route. Our meta-analysis and discussions provide a detailed overview of the fate of b-HDL in mice that is highly relevant when applying b-HDL for drug delivery or in vivo imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Pedersbæk
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens B Simonsen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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2
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Alanazi SA, Alanazi F, Haq N, Shakeel F, Badran MM, Harisa GI. Lipoproteins-Nanocarriers as a Promising Approach for Targeting Liver Cancer: Present Status and Application Prospects. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 17:826-844. [PMID: 32026776 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200206104338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of liver cancer is increasing over the years and it is the fifth leading cause of mortality worldwide. The intrusive features and burden of low survival rate make it a global health issue in both developing and developed countries. The recommended chemotherapy drugs for patients in the intermediate and advanced stages of various liver cancers yield a low response rate due to the nonspecific nature of drug delivery, thus warranting the search for new therapeutic strategies and potential drug delivery carriers. There are several new drug delivery methods available to ferry the targeted molecules to the specific biological environment. In recent years, the nano assembly of lipoprotein moieties (lipidic nanoparticles) has emerged as a promising and efficiently tailored drug delivery system in liver cancer treatment. This increased precision of nano lipoproteins conjugates in chemotherapeutic targeting offers new avenues for the treatment of liver cancer with high specificity and efficiency. This present review is focused on concisely outlining the knowledge of liver cancer diagnosis, existing treatment strategies, lipoproteins, their preparation, mechanism and their potential application in the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fars Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazrul Haq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Badran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamaleldin I Harisa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Kuai R, Li D, Chen YE, Moon JJ, Schwendeman A. High-Density Lipoproteins: Nature's Multifunctional Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2016; 10:3015-41. [PMID: 26889958 PMCID: PMC4918468 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are endogenous nanoparticles involved in the transport and metabolism of cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides. HDL is well-known as the "good" cholesterol because it not only removes excess cholesterol from atherosclerotic plaques but also has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, which protect the cardiovascular system. Circulating HDL also transports endogenous proteins, vitamins, hormones, and microRNA to various organs. Compared with other synthetic nanocarriers, such as liposomes, micelles, and inorganic and polymeric nanoparticles, HDL has unique features that allow them to deliver cargo to specific targets more efficiently. These attributes include their ultrasmall size (8-12 nm in diameter), high tolerability in humans (up to 8 g of protein per infusion), long circulating half-life (12-24 h), and intrinsic targeting properties to different recipient cells. Various recombinant ApoA proteins and ApoA mimetic peptides have been recently developed for the preparation of reconstituted HDL that exhibits properties similar to those of endogenous HDL and has a potential for industrial scale-up. In this review, we will summarize (a) clinical pharmacokinetics and safety of reconstituted HDL products, (b) comparison of HDL with inorganic and other organic nanoparticles,
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kuai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1150 W Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James J. Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to A. S. () or J.J.M. ()
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to A. S. () or J.J.M. ()
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Drug delivery via lipoprotein-based carriers: answering the challenges in systemic therapeutics. Ther Deliv 2012; 3:599-608. [PMID: 22834404 DOI: 10.4155/tde.12.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma lipoproteins are transporters of lipids and other hydrophobic molecules in the mammalian circulation. Lipoproteins also have a strong potential to serve as drug-delivery vehicles due to their small size, long residence time in the circulation and high-drug payload. Consequently, lipoproteins and synthetic/reconstituted lipoprotein preparations have been evaluated with increasing interest towards clinical applications, particularly for cancer diagnostics/imaging and chemotherapy. In this review, past and current studies on lipoproteins and similar alternative drug carriers are discussed regarding their suitability as agents to deliver drugs, primarily to cancer cells and tumors. A lipoprotein-based delivery strategy may also provide a novel platform for improving the therapeutic efficacy of drugs that have previously been judged unsuitable or had only limited application due to poor solubility. An additional, and perhaps the most important aspect of the drug-delivery process via lipoprotein-type carriers, is the receptor-mediated uptake of the payload from the lipoprotein complex. Monitoring the expression of specific receptors prior to treatment could, thus, give rise to efficient selection of optimally responsive patients, resulting in a successful personalized therapy regimen.
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Bricarello DA, Smilowitz JT, Zivkovic AM, German JB, Parikh AN. Reconstituted lipoprotein: a versatile class of biologically-inspired nanostructures. ACS NANO 2011; 5:42-57. [PMID: 21182259 DOI: 10.1021/nn103098m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
One of biology's most pervasive nanostructures, the phospholipid membrane, represents an ideal scaffold for a host of nanotechnology applications. Whether engineering biomimetic technologies or designing therapies to interface with the cell, this adaptable membrane can provide the necessary molecular-level control of membrane-anchored proteins, glycopeptides, and glycolipids. If appropriately prepared, these components can replicate in vitro or influence in vivo essential living processes such as signal transduction, mass transport, and chemical or energy conversion. To satisfy these requirements, a lipid-based, synthetic nanoscale architecture with molecular-level tunability is needed. In this regard, discrete lipid particles, including reconstituted high density lipoprotein (HDL), have emerged as a versatile and elegant solution. Structurally diverse, native biological HDLs exist as discoidal lipid bilayers of 5-8 nm diameter and lipid monolayer-coated spheres 10-15 nm in diameter, all belted by a robust scaffolding protein. These supramolecular assemblies can be reconstituted using simple self-assembly methods to incorporate a broad range of amphipathic molecular constituents, natural or artificial, and provide a generic platform for stabilization and transport of amphipathic and hydrophobic elements capable of docking with targets at biological or inorganic surfaces. In conjunction with top-down or bottom-up engineering approaches, synthetic HDL can be designed, arrayed, and manipulated for a host of applications including biochemical analyses and fundamental studies of molecular structure. Also highly biocompatible, these assemblies are suitable for medical diagnostics and therapeutics. The collection of efforts reviewed here focuses on laboratory methods by which synthetic HDLs are produced, the advantages conferred by their nanoscopic dimension, and current and emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Bricarello
- Department of Applied Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Wang W, Zhao X, Hu H, Chen D, Gu J, Deng Y, Sun J. Galactosylated solid lipid nanoparticles with cucurbitacin B improves the liver targetability. Drug Deliv 2010; 17:114-22. [DOI: 10.3109/10717540903580176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Khatri K, Rawat A, Mahor S, Gupta PN, Vyas SP. Hepatitis B surface protein docked vesicular carrier for site specific delivery to liver. J Drug Target 2008; 13:359-66. [PMID: 16278155 DOI: 10.1080/10611860500230294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic liver tropism of liposomes can be augmented by the addition of targeting features such as the incorporation of hepatotropic elements of the hepatitis viruses. Hepatitis B virus is known to infect hepatocytes after viremia by asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated uptake. However, the specificity of hepatitis B virus surface protein (HBsAg) towards hepatocytes has confronting reports. In the present study, we evaluated the functional ability of HBsAg to be employed as a ligand for targeting hepatocytes. We prepared (14)C labeled small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) composed of egg PC/Cholesterol/N-glutarylphosphatidylethanolamine (NGPE) in a 60:30:10 molar ratio. HBsAg was covalently linked to SUVs using a water-soluble carbodiimide (EDC) mediated conjugation with NGPE. In vitro cell binding and uptake studies revealed that bioprotein docked carrier system was efficiently taken up by HepG2 cells by the receptor mediated endocytosis. The biodistribution behaviour of plain and HBsAg coated liposomes was also examined followed by intravenous injection. The study revealed that almost 75% of the radioactivity was recovered in the liver after 4 h of injection that was nearly three-fold greater in magnitude than the plain liposomes. Further, fractionation of liver into liver parenchymal cells (PC) and non-parenchymal cells confirmed the preferential localization of the HBsAg coated liposomal carrier in the parenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Khatri
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, India
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Chimalakonda KC, Agarwal HK, Kumar A, Parang K, Mehvar R. Synthesis, analysis, in vitro characterization, and in vivo disposition of a lamivudine-dextran conjugate for selective antiviral delivery to the liver. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 18:2097-108. [PMID: 17922546 DOI: 10.1021/bc700193d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A liver-selective prodrug (3TCSD) of the antiviral drug lamivudine (3TC) was developed and characterized. 3TC was coupled to dextran ( approximately 25 kDa) using a succinate linker, and the in vitro and in vivo behavior of the conjugate was studied using newly developed size-exclusion and reversed-phase analytical methods. Synthesized 3TCSD had a purity of >99% with a degree of substitution of 6.5 mg of 3TC per 100 mg of the conjugate. Furthermore, the developed assays were precise and accurate in the concentration ranges of 0.125-20, 0.36-18, and 1-50 microg/mL for 3TC, 3TC succinate (3TCS), and 3TCSD, respectively. In vitro, the conjugate slowly released 3TC in the presence of rat liver lysosomes, whereas it was stable in the corresponding buffer. In vivo in rats, conjugation of 3TC to dextran resulted in 40- and 7-fold decreases in the clearance and volume of distribution of the drug, respectively. However, the accumulation of the conjugated 3TC in the liver was 50-fold higher than that of the parent drug. The high accumulation of the conjugate in the liver was associated with a gradual and sustained release of 3TC in the liver. These studies indicate the feasibility of the synthesis of 3TCS-dextran and its potential use for the selective delivery of 3TC to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna C Chimalakonda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
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Lee S, Kim SK, Lee DY, Chae SY, Byun Y. Pharmacokinetics of a new, orally available ceftriaxone formulation in physical complexation with a cationic analogue of bile acid in rats. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:1869-71. [PMID: 16641464 PMCID: PMC1472223 DOI: 10.1128/aac.50.5.1869-1871.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral administration of ceftriaxone associated with a bile acid-based new oral carrier, cholylethylenediamine, in 50% propylene glycol to rats at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg of body weight resulted in a significant increase in intestinal absorption, as evidenced by 55% improvement in the bioavailability, whereas ceftriaxone alone showed a bioavailability of less than 1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulki Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Virovic L, Wu CH, Konishi M, Wu GY. Novel delivery methods for treatment of viral hepatitis: an update. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2005; 2:707-17. [PMID: 16296795 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2.4.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Viral hepatitis represents the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Currently approved therapies for chronic hepatitis B include IFN, an immune modulator, and nucleoside analogues lamivudine and adefovir. For chronic hepatitis C, a combination of pegylated IFN-alpha and ribavirin represents the standard treatment. However, currently available treatments for both these viruses are effective only in a limited number of patients, are costly, prolonged, associated with significant side effects and require a substantial commitment from the patients and healthcare providers. A number of novel antiviral treatments, together with strategies to enhance the response to current therapies, are being explored at present. For all new therapies, as well as for improving existing treatments, selective delivery of medications into liver cells would be desirable to enhance antiviral activity and avoid systemic side effects. New achievements in the field of drug and gene delivery against chronic hepatitis to the liver are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Virovic
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Medicine/GI Division, Farmington, 06030-1845, USA
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11
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Harvey HA, Jennings MP, Campbell CA, Williams R, Apicella MA. Receptor-mediated endocytosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae into primary human urethral epithelial cells: the role of the asialoglycoprotein receptor. Mol Microbiol 2001; 42:659-72. [PMID: 11722733 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02666.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Urethral epithelial cells are invaded by Neisseria gonorrhoeae during gonococcal infection in men. To understand further the mechanisms of gonococcal entry into host cells, we used the primary human urethral epithelial cells (PHUECs) tissue culture system recently developed by our laboratory. These studies showed that human asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) and the terminal lactosamine of lacto-N-neotetraose-expressing gonococcal lipooligosaccharide (LOS) play an important role in invasion of PHUECs. Microscopy studies showed that ASGP-R traffics to the cell surface after gonococcal challenge. Co-localization of ASGP-R with gonococci was observed. As ASGP-R-mediated endocytosis is clathrin dependent, clathrin localization in PHUECs was examined after infection. Infected PHUECs showed increased clathrin recruitment and co-localization of clathrin and gonococci. Preincubating PHUECs in 0.3 M sucrose or monodansylcadaverine (MDC), which both inhibit clathrin-coated pit formation, resulted in decreased invasion. N. gonorrhoeae strain 1291 produces a single LOS glycoform that terminates with Gal(beta1-4)GlcNac(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)Glc (lacto-N-neotetraose). Invasion assays showed that strain 1291 invades significantly more than four isogenic mutants expressing truncated LOS. Sialylation of strain 1291 LOS inhibited invasion significantly. Preincubation of PHUECs in asialofetuin (ASF), an ASGP-R ligand, significantly reduced invasion. A dose-response reduction in invasion was observed in PHUECs preincubated with increasing concentrations of NaOH-deacylated 1291 LOS. These studies indicated that an interaction between lacto-N-neotetraose-terminal LOS and ASGP-R allows gonococcal entry into PHUECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Harvey
- Department of Microbiology, Bowen Science Building, 51 Newton Road, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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12
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Rensen PC, de Vrueh RL, Kuiper J, Bijsterbosch MK, Biessen EA, van Berkel TJ. Recombinant lipoproteins: lipoprotein-like lipid particles for drug targeting. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2001; 47:251-76. [PMID: 11311995 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-409x(01)00109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipoproteins are endogenous particles that transport lipids through the blood to various cell types, where they are recognised and taken up via specific receptors. These particles are, therefore, excellent candidates for the targeted delivery of drugs to various tissues. For example, the remnant receptor and the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPr), which are uniquely localised on hepatocytes, recognise chylomicrons and lactosylated high density lipopoteins (HDL), respectively. In addition, tumour cells of various origins overexpress the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor that recognises apolipoprotein E (apoE) on small triglyceride-rich particles and apoB-100 on LDL. Being endogenous, lipoproteins are biodegradable, do not trigger immune reactions, and are not recognised by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). However, their endogenous nature also hampers large-scale pharmaceutical application. In the past two decades, various research groups have successfully synthesised recombinant lipoproteins from commercially available natural and synthetic lipids and serum-derived or recombinant apolipoproteins, which closely mimic the metabolic behaviour of their native counterparts in animal models as well as humans. In this paper, we will summarise the studies that led to the development of these recombinant lipoproteins, and we will address the possibility of using these lipidic particles to selectively deliver a wide range of lipophilic, amphiphilic, and polyanionic compounds to hepatocytes and tumour cells. In addition, the intrinsic therapeutic activities of recombinant chylomicrons and HDL in sepsis and atherosclerosis will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Rensen
- Sylvius Laboratories, Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9503, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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de Vrueh RL, van Berkel TJ, Bijsterbosch MK. Cryopreservation enables long-term storage of 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine prodrug-loaded reconstituted lactosylated high-density lipoprotein. Pharm Res 2001; 18:403-7. [PMID: 11442284 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011079603123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R L de Vrueh
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Center for Drug Research, University of Leiden, The Netherlands
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