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Zhang J, Wang Y, Peng Y, Qin C, Liu Y, Li J, Jiang J, Zhou Y, Chang J, Wang Q. Novel fluoronucleoside analog NCC inhibits lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus in a hepatocyte model. Braz J Infect Dis 2018; 22:477-486. [PMID: 30586543 PMCID: PMC9425639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral drug resistance is the most important factor contributing to treatment failure using nucleos(t)ide analogs such as lamivudine for chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Development of a system supporting efficient replication of clinically resistant HBV strains is imperative, and new antiviral drugs are needed urgently to prevent selection of drug-resistant HBV mutants. A novel fluorinated cytidine analog, NCC (N-cyclopropyl-4′-azido-2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-β-d-cytidine), was recently shown to strongly inhibit human HBV in vitro and in vivo. This study was designed to evaluate the antiviral activity of NCC against lamivudine-resistant HBV. We generated a stable cell line encoding the major pattern of lamivudine-resistant mutations rtL180M/M204V and designated it “HepG2.RL1”. Immuno-transmission electron microscopic examination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect secretion of HBV-specific particles and antigens. Quantification of extracellular DNA and intracellular DNA of HepG2.RL1 cells by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed >625-fold and >5556-fold increases in the 50% inhibitory concentration of lamivudine, respectively, compared with that for the wild-type virus. The results showed that NCC inhibited DNA replication and HBeAg production in wild-type or lamivudine-resistant HBV in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, screening for antiviral compounds active against lamivudine-resistant HBV can be carried out with relative ease using hepG2.RL1 cells. NCC is a potential antiviral agent against wild-type HBV and clinical lamivudine-resistant HBV and deserves evaluation for the treatment of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China; Zhengzhou University, Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Zhengzhou University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youmei Peng
- Zhengzhou University, Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chongzhen Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yixian Liu
- Zhengzhou University, Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Jiang
- Zhengzhou University, Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yubing Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Junbiao Chang
- Zhengzhou University, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Qingduan Wang
- Zhengzhou University, Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Zhengzhou, China.
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Ogura N, Ogawa K, Watashi K, Ito T, Wakita T. Novel stable HBV producing cell line systems for expression and screening antiviral inhibitor of hepatitis B virus in human hepatoma cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:64-71. [PMID: 29481805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is currently a major public health burden. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of novel antiviral inhibitors. The stable HBV-producing cell lines of genotype D are widely used to investigate the HBV life cycle and to evaluate antiviral agents. However, stable HBV-producing cell lines of different genotypes do not exist. To construct more convenient and efficient novel cell systems, stable cell lines of genotypes A, B, and C were established using a full-length HBV genome sequence isolated from chronic HBV patients in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Novel HBV clones were identified and stable HBV-producing cell lines derived from these clones were constructed. HBV replication activities demonstrated time-dependent expression, and the novel cell lines were susceptible to several antiviral inhibitors with no cytotoxicity. Furthermore, infectious viruses were produced from these cell lines. In conclusion, we have established novel stable HBV-producing cell line systems of genotypes A, B, and C. These systems can provide valuable tools for screening antiviral agents and analyzing viral phenotypes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ogura
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc, Osaka, 569-1125, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Ogawa
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc, Osaka, 569-1125, Japan.
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Takayoshi Ito
- Digestive Diseases Center, Showa University Koto-Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo, 135-8577, Japan.
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
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Ji X, Zafrullah M, Wiese N, Hayden-Mixon T, Forbi JC, Teo CG, Purdy MA. Permissive, in vitro replication of hepatitis B virus genotype E. J Virol Methods 2017; 243:20-24. [PMID: 28122202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A cloned stable cell line, HepG2-HBVE6, was established following transfection of HepG2 cells with a retroviral plasmid into which a 1.1-fold genomic construct of hepatitis B virus (HBV) belonging to genotype E (HBV/E) was inserted. The cell line retains the entire HBV/E insert, and produces episomal HBV DNA. It expresses HBV pregenomic, preS1 and preS2/S transcripts, and sheds hepatitis B surface and e antigens as well as structures resembling HBV-subviral and Dane particles. The HepG2-HBVE6 cell line, in permitting recapitulation of the HBV life cycle, may be used for studying viral characteristics, therapeutic and preventative outcomes and for preparing reagents specific to HBV genotype E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ji
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Mohammad Zafrullah
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Nicholas Wiese
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Tonya Hayden-Mixon
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Joseph C Forbi
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Chong-Gee Teo
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Michael A Purdy
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Srivastav NC, Shakya N, Mak M, Agrawal B, Tyrrell DL, Kumar R. Antiviral Activity of Various 1-(2′-Deoxy-β-d-lyxofuranosyl), 1-(2′-Fluoro-β-d-xylofuranosyl), 1-(3′-Fluoro-β-d-arabinofuranosyl), and 2′-Fluoro-2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxyribose Pyrimidine Nucleoside Analogues against Duck Hepatitis B Virus (DHBV) and Human Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Replication. J Med Chem 2010; 53:7156-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100803c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen C. Srivastav
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 1-71 Medical Sciences Building
| | - Neeraj Shakya
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 1-71 Medical Sciences Building
| | - Michelle Mak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 1-71 Medical Sciences Building
| | | | | | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 1-71 Medical Sciences Building
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Pawlotsky JM, Dusheiko G, Hatzakis A, Lau D, Lau G, Liang TJ, Locarnini S, Martin P, Richman DD, Zoulim F. Virologic monitoring of hepatitis B virus therapy in clinical trials and practice: recommendations for a standardized approach. Gastroenterology 2008; 134:405-15. [PMID: 18242209 PMCID: PMC2676233 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is aimed at suppressing viral replication to the lowest possible level, and thereby to halt the progression of liver disease and prevent the onset of complications. Two categories of drugs are used in HBV therapy: the interferons, including standard interferon alfa or pegylated interferon alfa, and specific nucleoside or nucleotide HBV inhibitors that target the reverse-transcriptase function of HBV-DNA polymerase. The reported results of clinical trials have used varying definitions of efficacy, failure, and resistance based on different measures of virologic responses. This article discusses HBV virologic markers and tests, and their optimal use both for planning and reporting clinical trials and in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
- French National Reference Center for Viral Hepatitis B, C and delta, Department of Virology, Henri Mondor Hospital, University of Paris XII, Créteil, France.
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Nassal M, Dallmeier K, Schultz U, Sun D. Phenotyping hepatitis B virus variants: from transfection towards a small animal in vivo infection model. J Clin Virol 2006; 34 Suppl 1:S89-95. [PMID: 16461231 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(05)80017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The existence of vaccine escape and drug resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) variants is now well established, and various of the underlying prototypic mutations have been defined. Genotypic detection of such variants allows to predict their clinical phenotype. However, the relevance of non-predefined mutations occurring during therapy can be assessed only by phenotypic assays. The fundamental properties of a functional virus are the ability to replicate the genome, to form infectious virions, and to cope with the host defense in order to establish and maintain infection; a virus meeting all these criteria is biologically fit. At present, HBV DNA transfection provides a reliable method to address replication-competence and physical formation of complete virus particles. The inherent inter-experiment variability of transient transfection can be overcome by stable cell lines expressing wild-type and prototypic variant HBVs. Such cell lines provide important tools for studying basic aspects of HBV replication as well as for drug discovery. Phenotypic assays measuring HBV infectivity are less advanced but several surrogate systems obviating the need for primary human hepatocyte cultures are being established. The ultimate, and most desirable, phenotypic assay system would be a small, immuno-competent experimental animal in which human HBV can establish chronic infection. Only this would allow to fully address the fitness of HBV variants, and thus to assess the risk of their spreading in the general population. Various ways towards this goal can be envisaged but recent model studies in the duck HBV system indicate that much more has to be learned on the molecular determinants of hepadnaviral host-range to rationally design such experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nassal
- University Hospital Freiburg, Dept. of Internal Medicine II/Molecular Biology, Hugstetter Str. 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Shaw
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Locked Bag 815, Carlton South, Vic. 3053, Australia.
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Abstract
Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus remains a serious and life-threatening disease for approximately 5% of the world's population, despite the availability of effective vaccines. Although prognoses can be improved by chemotherapy, treatment options are limited and none has been consistently successful. Interferon-alpha, the longest established therapy, has limited efficacy, is slow-acting and frequently causes adverse effects. Newer drugs comprise of mainly nucleoside and nucleotide analogs. The two that are currently approved, lamivudine and adefovir dipivoxil, are well tolerated; both produce rapid and dramatic responses, but their effects may not be sustainable in the long-term due to the emergence of resistant virus. Development of resistance to lamivudine is approximately ten-times more frequent than development of resistance to adefovir dipivoxil (approximately 60 and 6%, respectively) during the first 3 years of therapy. Entecavir, a carbocyclic deoxyguanosine analog that is active against both lamivudine- and adefovir dipivoxil-resistant HBV, is in the vanguard of new antihepatitis B virus drugs that have progressed to Phase III clinical trials. It is the most potent antihepatitis B virus agent discovered to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Shaw
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, 10 Wreckyn Street, North Melbourne, Victoria, 3051 Australia.
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