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Zhang Q, Alter T, Strauch E, Hammerl JA, Schwartz K, Borowiak M, Deneke C, Fleischmann S. Genetic and Phenotypic Virulence Potential of Non-O1/Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae Isolated from German Retail Seafood. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2751. [PMID: 38004762 PMCID: PMC10672755 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-O1 and non-O139 Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) can cause gastrointestinal infections in humans. Contaminated food, especially seafood, is an important source of human infections. In this study, the virulence potential of 63 NOVC strains isolated from retail seafood were characterized at the genotypic and phenotypic levels. Although no strain encoded the cholera toxin (CTX) and the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), several virulence factors, including the HlyA hemolysin, the cholix toxin ChxA, the heat-stable enterotoxin Stn, and genes coding for the type 3 and type 6 secretion systems, were detected. All strains showed hemolytic activity against human and sheep erythrocytes: 90% (n = 57) formed a strong biofilm, 52% (n = 33) were highly motile at 37 °C, and only 8% (n = 5) and 14% (n = 9) could resist ≥60% and ≥40% human serum, respectively. Biofilm formation and toxin regulation genes were also detected. cgMLST analysis demonstrated that NOVC strains from seafood cluster with clinical NOVC strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results in the identification of five strains that developed non-wildtype phenotypes (medium and resistant) against the substances of the classes of beta-lactams (including penicillin, carbapenem, and cephalosporin), polymyxins, and sulphonamides. The phenotypic resistance pattern could be partially attributed to the acquired resistance determinants identified via in silico analysis. Our results showed differences in the virulence potential of the analyzed NOVC isolated from retail seafood products, which may be considered for further pathogenicity evaluation and the risk assessment of NOVC isolates in future seafood monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quantao Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 69, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Alter
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 69, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eckhard Strauch
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany; (E.S.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Jens Andre Hammerl
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany; (E.S.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Keike Schwartz
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany; (E.S.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Maria Borowiak
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany; (E.S.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Carlus Deneke
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany; (E.S.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Susanne Fleischmann
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 69, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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Bhandari M, Rathnayake IU, Huygens F, Jennison AV. Clinical and Environmental Vibrio cholerae Non-O1, Non-O139 Strains from Australia Have Similar Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Profiles. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0263122. [PMID: 36688638 PMCID: PMC9927259 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02631-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholera caused by pathogenic Vibrio cholerae is still considered one of the major health problems in developing countries including those in Asia and Africa. Australia is known to have unique V. cholerae strains in Queensland waterways, resulting in sporadic cholera-like disease being reported in Queensland each year. We conducted virulence and antimicrobial genetic characterization of O1 and non-O1, non-O139 V. cholerae (NOVC) strains (1983 to 2020) from Queensland with clinical significance and compared these to environmental strains that were collected as part of a V. cholerae monitoring project in 2012 of Queensland waterways. In this study, 87 V. cholerae strains were analyzed where O1 (n = 5) and NOVC (n = 54) strains from Queensland and international travel-associated NOVC (n = 2) (61 in total) strains were sequenced, characterized, and compared with seven previously sequenced O1 strains and 18 other publicly available NOVC strains from Australia and overseas to visualize the genetic context among them. Of the 61 strains, three clinical and environmental NOVC serogroup strains had cholera toxin-producing genes, namely, the CTX phage (identified in previous outbreaks) and the complete Vibrio pathogenicity island 1. Phylogenetic analysis based on core genome analysis showed more than 10 distinct clusters and interrelatedness between clinical and environmental V. cholerae strains from Australia. Moreover, 30 (55%) NOVC strains had the cholix toxin gene (chxA) while only 11 (20%) strains had the mshA gene. In addition, 18 (34%) NOVC strains from Australia had the type three secretion system and discrete expression of type six secretion system genes. Interestingly, four NOVC strains from Australia and one NOVC strain from Indonesia had intSXT, a mobile genetic element. Several strains were found to have beta-lactamase (blaCARB-9) and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (catB9) genes. Our study suggests that Queensland waterways can harbor highly divergent V. cholerae strains and serve as a reservoir for various V. cholerae-associated virulence genes which could be shared among O1 and NOVC V. cholerae strains via mobile genetic elements or horizontal gene transfer. IMPORTANCE Australia has its own V. cholerae strains, both toxigenic and nontoxigenic, that are associated with cholera disease. This study aimed to characterize a collection of clinical and environmental NOVC strains from Australia to understand their virulence and antimicrobial resistance profile and to place strains from Australia in the genetic context of international strains. The findings from this study suggest the toxigenic V. cholerae strains in the Queensland River water system are of public health concern. Therefore, ongoing monitoring and genomic characterization of V. cholerae strains from the Queensland environment are important and would assist public health departments to track the source of cholera infection early and implement prevention strategies for future outbreaks. Understanding the genomics of V. cholerae could also inform the natural ecology and evolution of this bacterium in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murari Bhandari
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Public Health Microbiology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Department of Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Irani U. Rathnayake
- Public Health Microbiology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Department of Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Flavia Huygens
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amy V. Jennison
- Public Health Microbiology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Department of Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Ramirez DA, Saka HA, Nores R. Detection of Vibrio cholerae aDNA in human burials from the fifth cholera pandemic in Argentina (1886-1887 AD). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2021; 32:74-79. [PMID: 33453495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Detecting traces of ancient DNA of Vibrio cholerae to provide genetic information associated with the fifth cholera pandemic. MATERIALS Sediment samples from the sacral foramina of four individuals were analyzed, recovered from a mass grave near an institution dedicated exclusively to the isolation and treatment of citizens infected with cholera in the late 19th century in the city of Cordoba, Argentina. METHODS Paleogenetic techniques (ancient DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and Sanger sequencing) were applied. Specific primers for Vibrio cholerae (VCR, ctxA, ctxB, and tcpA) were designed. RESULTS By amplifying and sequencing the Vibrio cholerae repeats fragment, the infection in at least one individual was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS The synthesis of the paleogenetic results with the archaeological and historical evidence strongly supports that at least one individual from the mass grave in Cordoba, Argentina, was a victim of the fifth cholera pandemic. SIGNIFICANCE Confirming the presence of the disease through multiple lines of evidence, including genetic, archaeological, and historical analyses, strengthens and affirms our understanding of the presence, effects, and potential evolutionary paths of the disease in the past. LIMITATIONS Vibrio cholerae repeats were sequenced in one individual, while the remaining genes could not be amplified, which is likely related to gene copy number. SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH Paleogenetic examination of ancient samples from different locations will broaden our understanding of the origin, evolution, and past dissemination of Vibrio cholerae epidemic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darío Alejandro Ramirez
- Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba (IDACOR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Héctor Alex Saka
- Centro de Investigación en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Rodrigo Nores
- Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba (IDACOR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Departamento de Antropología, Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina.
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4
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Di DYW, Shin H, Han D, Unno T, Hur HG. High genetic diversity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from tidal water and mud of southern coast of South Korea. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5308828. [PMID: 30753635 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A horizontal, fluorophore-enhanced, repetitive extragenic palindromic-polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) DNA fingerprinting technique was adapted to examine the genotypic richness and source differentiation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (n = 1749) isolated from tidal water and mud of southern coast of South Korea. The number of unique genotypes observed from June (163, 51.9%), September (307, 63.9%), December (205, 73.8%) and February (136, 74.7%), indicating a high degree of genetic diversity. Contrary, lower genetic diversity was detected in April (99, 46.8%), including predominant genotypes comprised >30 V. parahaemolyticus isolates. Jackknife analysis indicated that 65.1% tidal water isolates and 87.1% mud isolates were correctly assigned to their source groups. Sixty-nine isolates of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus were clustered into two groups, separated by sampling month, source of isolation and serogroups. Serotypes O1, O4, O5, O10/O12 and O11 were the dominant serovariants, while serotypes O3/O13 were highly detected in April where there were no pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus isolates. Most of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates were resistant to ampicillin, ceftazidime and sulfamethoxazole. Interestingly, four V. parahaemolyticus isolates resistant to carbepenem did not contain the known carbapenemase-encoding gene, but possess an extended-spectrum β-lactamase blaTEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Y W Di
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, 61005 Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hansub Shin
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, 61005 Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dukki Han
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju-si, 690-756 Jeju, South Korea
| | - Tatsuya Unno
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju-si, 690-756 Jeju, South Korea
| | - Hor-Gil Hur
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, 61005 Gwangju, South Korea
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5
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Zago V, Veschetti L, Patuzzo C, Malerba G, Lleo MM. Shewanella algae and Vibrio spp. strains isolated in Italian aquaculture farms are reservoirs of antibiotic resistant genes that might constitute a risk for human health. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 154:111057. [PMID: 32174504 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic environment can represent a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes. In the present study, phenotypical, biochemical and molecular techniques were used to screen a collection of marine strains isolated in Italian aquaculture farms to investigate their beta-lactam resistance profiles. The genome of 12 carbapenemase and/or beta-lactamase producing strains was sequenced and a phylogenetic analysis of the beta-lactamases found in their chromosomes was performed. Gene annotation and prediction revealed the presence of blaAmpC and blaOXA-55-like in all the Shewanella algae isolates whereas in Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains, blaAmpC and blaCARB-19 were found, respectively. Multiple alignments of OXA-55-like and AmpC protein sequences showed different point mutations. Finally, comparisons between enzyme phylogeny and strain clusterization based on sampling sites and dates indicate the diffusion of specific Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) Shewanella algae clones along the Italian Adriatic coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Zago
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Veschetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Patuzzo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Malerba
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Maria M Lleo
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Italy.
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6
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Yin X, Deng Y, Ma L, Wang Y, Chan LYL, Zhang T. Exploration of the antibiotic resistome in a wastewater treatment plant by a nine-year longitudinal metagenomic study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105270. [PMID: 31683155 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is a growing global problem. Activated sludge (AS) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has been proposed as a hotspot for ARGs. However, few studies have been conducted to uncover the temporal dynamics of the resistome of AS in WWTPs by long-term longitudinal sampling. In this study, we quantified ARGs and identified their host microbiome in a Hong Kong WWTP in 97 monthly AS samples spanning 9 years. Throughout this analysis, we demonstrated that both the abundance and structures of the resistome changed significantly every two to three years, implying that there was a successive selection of resistomes in the AS system over the study period. The detection of genes of antibiotic-resistant pathogens that are emerging major threats to public health in the AS samples, including mcr, CRE (carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae) and MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)-related genes, highlight the role of WWTPs as reservoirs of ARGs. In addition, the core resistome (abundant and persistent genes) in AS were found to overlap with those in other ecosystems such as urban sewage, livestock feces, and fishpond sediments, revealing the broad dissemination of ARGs in WWTPs and other environments. Annual variation of resistomes were explained via structural equation modeling (SEM), which deciphered the structural linkages of determining factors such as the operational parameters, microbial community composition and horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Specifically, potentially relevant antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARBs) were explored and discussed based on assembly-based analyses and network correlations. Moreover, consistent with the clear relationship between resistomes and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), it was found that there was a relatively high potential for gene exchange in AS in comparison with soil genomes, which could be explained by the engineering features of WWTPs. Based on these findings, longitudinal monitoring of WWTPs is warranted for risk assessment to reveal emerging ARGs, resistome evolution, correlations with ARBs, and the potential for spread in downstream environments and concomitant exposure risks for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Yin
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liping Ma
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lilian Y L Chan
- High Performance Computing Team, Information Technology Services, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; International Center for Antibiotic Resistance in the Environment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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7
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Lepuschitz S, Baron S, Larvor E, Granier SA, Pretzer C, Mach RL, Farnleitner AH, Ruppitsch W, Pleininger S, Indra A, Kirschner AKT. Phenotypic and Genotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Traits of Vibrio cholerae Non-O1/Non-O139 Isolated From a Large Austrian Lake Frequently Associated With Cases of Human Infection. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2600. [PMID: 31781080 PMCID: PMC6857200 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae belonging to serogroups other than O1 and O139 are opportunistic pathogens which cause infections with a variety of clinical symptoms. Due to the increasing number of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 infections in association with recreational waters in the past two decades, they have received increasing attention in recent literature and by public health authorities. Since the treatment of choice is the administration of antibiotics, we investigated the distribution of antimicrobial resistance properties in a V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 population in a large Austrian lake intensively used for recreation and in epidemiologically linked clinical isolates. In total, 82 environmental isolates - selected on the basis of comprehensive phylogenetic information - and nine clinical isolates were analyzed for their phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility. The genomes of 46 environmental and eight clinical strains were screened for known genetic antimicrobial resistance traits in CARD and ResFinder databases. In general, antimicrobial susceptibility of the investigated V. cholerae population was high. The environmental strains were susceptible against most of the 16 tested antibiotics, except sulfonamides (97.5% resistant strains), streptomycin (39% resistant) and ampicillin (20.7% resistant). Clinical isolates partly showed additional resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Genome analysis showed that crp, a regulator of multidrug efflux genes, and the bicyclomycin/multidrug efflux system of V. cholerae were present in all isolates. Nine isolates additionally carried variants of bla CARB-7 and bla CARB-9, determinants of beta-lactam resistance and six isolates carried catB9, a determinant of phenicol resistance. Three isolates had both bla CARB-7 and catB9. In 27 isolates, five out of six subfamilies of the MATE-family were present. For all isolates no genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, macrolides and sulfonamides were detected. The apparent lack of either known antimicrobial resistance traits or mobile genetic elements indicates that in cholera non-epidemic regions of the world, V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 play a minor role as a reservoir of resistance in the environment. The discrepancies between the phenotypic and genome-based antimicrobial resistance assessment show that for V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139, resistance databases are currently inappropriate for an assessment of antimicrobial resistance. Continuous collection of both data over time may solve such discrepancies between genotype and phenotype in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lepuschitz
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria.,Research Division of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and BioScience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandrine Baron
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
| | - Emeline Larvor
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
| | - Sophie A Granier
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougeres Laboratory, Fougeres, France
| | - Carina Pretzer
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology - Water Microbiology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert L Mach
- Research Division of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and BioScience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas H Farnleitner
- Research Division of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and BioScience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria.,Division Water Quality and Health, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria.,Interuniversity Cooperation Centre for Water and Health, Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Pleininger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Indra
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander K T Kirschner
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology - Water Microbiology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division Water Quality and Health, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria.,Interuniversity Cooperation Centre for Water and Health, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Fattel L, Panossian B, Salloum T, Abboud E, Tokajian S. Genomic Features ofVibrio parahaemolyticusfrom Lebanon and Comparison to Globally Diverse Strains by Whole-Genome Sequencing. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:778-787. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Fattel
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Balig Panossian
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Tamara Salloum
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Edmond Abboud
- Clinical Laboratory, The Middle East Institute of Health, Bsalim, Lebanon
| | - Sima Tokajian
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
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9
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Dorman MJ, Kane L, Domman D, Turnbull JD, Cormie C, Fazal MA, Goulding DA, Russell JE, Alexander S, Thomson NR. The history, genome and biology of NCTC 30: a non-pandemic Vibrio cholerae isolate from World War One. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20182025. [PMID: 30966987 PMCID: PMC6501683 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The sixth global cholera pandemic lasted from 1899 to 1923. However, despite widespread fear of the disease and of its negative effects on troop morale, very few soldiers in the British Expeditionary Forces contracted cholera between 1914 and 1918. Here, we have revived and sequenced the genome of NCTC 30, a 102-year-old Vibrio cholerae isolate, which we believe is the oldest publicly available live V. cholerae strain in existence. NCTC 30 was isolated in 1916 from a British soldier convalescent in Egypt. We found that this strain does not encode cholera toxin, thought to be necessary to cause cholera, and is not part of V. cholerae lineages responsible for the pandemic disease. We also show that NCTC 30, which predates the introduction of penicillin-based antibiotics, harbours a functional β-lactamase antibiotic resistance gene. Our data corroborate and provide molecular explanations for previous phenotypic studies of NCTC 30 and provide a new high-quality genome sequence for historical, non-pandemic V. cholerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Dorman
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Leanne Kane
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Daryl Domman
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Claire Cormie
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - David A. Goulding
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Sarah Alexander
- Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5DF, UK
| | - Nicholas R. Thomson
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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10
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Abstract
Integrons are versatile gene acquisition systems commonly found in bacterial genomes. They are ancient elements that are a hot spot for genomic complexity, generating phenotypic diversity and shaping adaptive responses. In recent times, they have had a major role in the acquisition, expression, and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. Assessing the ongoing threats posed by integrons requires an understanding of their origins and evolutionary history. This review examines the functions and activities of integrons before the antibiotic era. It shows how antibiotic use selected particular integrons from among the environmental pool of these elements, such that integrons carrying resistance genes are now present in the majority of Gram-negative pathogens. Finally, it examines the potential consequences of widespread pollution with the novel integrons that have been assembled via the agency of human antibiotic use and speculates on the potential uses of integrons as platforms for biotechnology.
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11
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CARB-17 family of β-lactamases mediates intrinsic resistance to penicillins in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:3593-5. [PMID: 25801555 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00047-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is commonly resistant to ampicillin, yet the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not clear. In this study, a novel class A carbenicillin-hydrolyzing β-lactamase (CARB) family of β-lactamases, bla(CARB-17), was identified and found to be responsible for the intrinsic penicillin resistance in V. parahaemolyticus. Importantly, bla(CARB-17)-like genes were present in all 293 V. parahaemolyticus genome sequences available in GenBank and detectable in all 91 V. parahaemolyticus food isolates, further confirming the intrinsic nature of this gene.
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12
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Multiple Pathways of Genome Plasticity Leading to Development of Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2013; 2:288-315. [PMID: 27029305 PMCID: PMC4790341 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics2020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multi-resistant bacterial strains is a major source of concern and has been correlated with the widespread use of antibiotics. The origins of resistance are intensively studied and many mechanisms involved in resistance have been identified, such as exogenous gene acquisition by horizontal gene transfer (HGT), mutations in the targeted functions, and more recently, antibiotic tolerance through persistence. In this review, we focus on factors leading to integron rearrangements and gene capture facilitating antibiotic resistance acquisition, maintenance and spread. The role of stress responses, such as the SOS response, is discussed.
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Nonaka L, Maruyama F, Miyamoto M, Miyakoshi M, Kurokawa K, Masuda M. Novel conjugative transferable multiple drug resistance plasmid pAQU1 from Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae isolated from marine aquaculture environment. Microbes Environ 2012; 27:263-72. [PMID: 22446310 PMCID: PMC4036041 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me11338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria is a severe problem in aquaculture. The ability of drug resistance genes to transfer from a bacterial cell to another is thought to be responsible for the wide dissemination of these genes in the aquaculture environment; however, little is known about the gene transfer mechanisms in marine bacteria. In this study, we show that a tetracycline-resistant strain of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, isolated from seawater at a coastal aquaculture site in Japan, harbors a novel multiple drug resistance plasmid. This plasmid named pAQU1 can be transferred to Escherichia coli by conjugation. Nucleotide sequencing showed that the plasmid was 204,052 base pairs and contained 235 predicted coding sequences. Annotation showed that pAQU1 did not have known repA, suggesting a new replicon, and contained seven drug resistance genes: bla(CARB-9)-like, floR, mph(A)-like, mef(A)-like, sul2, tet(M) and tet(B). The plasmid has a complete set of genes encoding the apparatus for the type IV secretion system with a unique duplication of traA. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of relaxase encoded by traI in pAQU1 demonstrated that the conjugative transfer system of the plasmid belongs to MOB(H12), a sub-group of the MOB(H) plasmid family, closely related to the IncA/C type of plasmids and SXT/R391 widely distributed among species of Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae. Our data suggest that conjugative transfer is involved in horizontal gene transfer among marine bacteria and provide useful insights into the molecular basis for the dissemination of drug resistance genes among bacteria in the aquaculture environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Nonaka
- Department of Microbiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
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Functional characterization of Tn4401, a Tn3-based transposon involved in blaKPC gene mobilization. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:5370-3. [PMID: 21844325 DOI: 10.1128/aac.05202-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbapenemase gene bla(KPC), which is rapidly spreading worldwide, is located on a Tn3-based transposon, Tn4401. In a transposition-conjugation assay, Tn4401 was able to mobilize bla(KPC-2) gene at a frequency of 4.4 × 10(-6)/recipient cell. A 5-bp target site duplication was evidenced upon each insertion without target site specificity. This study demonstrated that Tn4401 is an active transposon capable of mobilizing bla(KPC) genes at high frequency.
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Cambray G, Sanchez-Alberola N, Campoy S, Guerin É, Da Re S, González-Zorn B, Ploy MC, Barbé J, Mazel D, Erill I. Prevalence of SOS-mediated control of integron integrase expression as an adaptive trait of chromosomal and mobile integrons. Mob DNA 2011; 2:6. [PMID: 21529368 PMCID: PMC3108266 DOI: 10.1186/1759-8753-2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Integrons are found in hundreds of environmental bacterial species, but are mainly known as the agents responsible for the capture and spread of antibiotic-resistance determinants between Gram-negative pathogens. The SOS response is a regulatory network under control of the repressor protein LexA targeted at addressing DNA damage, thus promoting genetic variation in times of stress. We recently reported a direct link between the SOS response and the expression of integron integrases in Vibrio cholerae and a plasmid-borne class 1 mobile integron. SOS regulation enhances cassette swapping and capture in stressful conditions, while freezing the integron in steady environments. We conducted a systematic study of available integron integrase promoter sequences to analyze the extent of this relationship across the Bacteria domain. Results Our results showed that LexA controls the expression of a large fraction of integron integrases by binding to Escherichia coli-like LexA binding sites. In addition, the results provide experimental validation of LexA control of the integrase gene for another Vibrio chromosomal integron and for a multiresistance plasmid harboring two integrons. There was a significant correlation between lack of LexA control and predicted inactivation of integrase genes, even though experimental evidence also indicates that LexA regulation may be lost to enhance expression of integron cassettes. Conclusions Ancestral-state reconstruction on an integron integrase phylogeny led us to conclude that the ancestral integron was already regulated by LexA. The data also indicated that SOS regulation has been actively preserved in mobile integrons and large chromosomal integrons, suggesting that unregulated integrase activity is selected against. Nonetheless, additional adaptations have probably arisen to cope with unregulated integrase activity. Identifying them may be fundamental in deciphering the uneven distribution of integrons in the Bacteria domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Cambray
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, CNRS URA 2171, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Neus Sanchez-Alberola
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore 21228, USA
| | - Susana Campoy
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Émilie Guerin
- Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, EA3175, INSERM, Equipe Avenir, Limoges 87000, France
| | - Sandra Da Re
- Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, EA3175, INSERM, Equipe Avenir, Limoges 87000, France
| | - Bruno González-Zorn
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, and VISAVET, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marie-Cécile Ploy
- Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, EA3175, INSERM, Equipe Avenir, Limoges 87000, France
| | - Jordi Barbé
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore 21228, USA
| | - Didier Mazel
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, CNRS URA 2171, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ivan Erill
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore 21228, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Cambray,
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, Département Génomes et Génétique, F-75015 Paris, France;
- CNRS, URA2171, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Marie Guerout,
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, Département Génomes et Génétique, F-75015 Paris, France;
- CNRS, URA2171, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Didier Mazel
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, Département Génomes et Génétique, F-75015 Paris, France;
- CNRS, URA2171, F-75015 Paris, France
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Zhao WH, Hu ZQ. β-Lactamases identified in clinical isolates ofPseudomonas aeruginosa. Crit Rev Microbiol 2010; 36:245-58. [DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2010.481763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
Two classification schemes for beta-lactamases are currently in use. The molecular classification is based on the amino acid sequence and divides beta-lactamases into class A, C, and D enzymes which utilize serine for beta-lactam hydrolysis and class B metalloenzymes which require divalent zinc ions for substrate hydrolysis. The functional classification scheme updated herein is based on the 1995 proposal by Bush et al. (K. Bush, G. A. Jacoby, and A. A. Medeiros, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39:1211-1233, 1995). It takes into account substrate and inhibitor profiles in an attempt to group the enzymes in ways that can be correlated with their phenotype in clinical isolates. Major groupings generally correlate with the more broadly based molecular classification. The updated system includes group 1 (class C) cephalosporinases; group 2 (classes A and D) broad-spectrum, inhibitor-resistant, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and serine carbapenemases; and group 3 metallo-beta-lactamases. Several new subgroups of each of the major groups are described, based on specific attributes of individual enzymes. A list of attributes is also suggested for the description of a new beta-lactamase, including the requisite microbiological properties, substrate and inhibitor profiles, and molecular sequence data that provide an adequate characterization for a new beta-lactam-hydrolyzing enzyme.
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Le Roux F, Zouine M, Chakroun N, Binesse J, Saulnier D, Bouchier C, Zidane N, Ma L, Rusniok C, Lajus A, Buchrieser C, Médigue C, Polz MF, Mazel D. Genome sequence ofVibrio splendidus: an abundant planctonic marine species with a large genotypic diversity. Environ Microbiol 2009; 11:1959-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01918.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Large population sizes, rapid growth and 3.8 billion years of evolution firmly establish microorganisms as a major source of the planet's biological and genetic diversity. However, up to 99% of the microorganisms in a given environment cannot be cultured. Culture-independent methods that directly access the genetic potential of an environmental sample can unveil new proteins with diverse functions, but the sequencing of random DNA can generate enormous amounts of extraneous data. Integrons are recombination systems that accumulate open reading frames (gene cassettes), many of which code for functional proteins with enormous adaptive potential. Some integrons harbor hundreds of gene cassettes and evidence suggests that the gene cassette pool may be limitless in size. Accessing this genetic pool has been hampered since sequence-based techniques, such as hybridization or PCR, often recover only partial genes or a small subset of those present in the sample. Here, a three-plasmid genetic strategy for the sequence-independent recovery of gene cassettes from genomic libraries is described and its use by retrieving functional gene cassettes from the chromosomal integron of Vibrio vulnificus ATCC 27562 is demonstrated. By manipulating the natural activity of integrons, we can gain access to the caches of functional genes amassed by these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean A Rowe-Magnus
- Division of Clinical Integrative Biology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, S1-26A, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3N5, Canada.
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Genetic and biochemical characterization of the first extended-spectrum CARB-type beta-lactamase, RTG-4, from Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:3010-6. [PMID: 19380596 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01164-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii isolate KAR was uncommonly more resistant to cefepime and cefpirome than to ceftazidime and cefotaxime. Cloning and expression of the beta-lactamase gene content of this isolate into Escherichia coli TOP10 identified ss-lactamase RTG-4 (or CARB-10), which corresponds to the first reported extended-spectrum CARB-type enzyme. RTG-4 is a plasmid-encoded Ambler class A beta-lactamase whose sequence differs by 4 amino acid substitutions from the narrow-spectrum beta-lactamase RTG-3. RTG-4 hydrolyzes cefepime and cefpirome and weakly hydrolyzes ceftazidime due to the single Ser-to-Thr substitution at Ambler position 69. RTG-4 is less susceptible to inhibition by tazobactam and sulbactam than RTG-3. Expression of beta-lactamase RTG-4 in a wild-type A. baumannii reference strain showed that it conferred resistance to cefepime and cefpirome. The genetic environment of the bla(RTG-4) gene was made of a peculiar transposon located on a ca. 50-kb plasmid. ISAba9, located upstream of bla(RTG-4), may be responsible for its acquisition by recognizing a secondary right inverted repeat sequence, thus acting by a one-ended transposition process.
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Labbate M, Case RJ, Stokes HW. The integron/gene cassette system: an active player in bacterial adaptation. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 532:103-25. [PMID: 19271181 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-853-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The integron includes a site-specific recombination system capable of integrating and expressing genes contained in structures called mobile gene cassettes. Integrons were originally identified on mobile elements from pathogenic bacteria and were found to be a major reservoir of antibiotic-resistance genes. Integrons are now known to be ancient structures that are phylogenetically diverse and, to date, have been found in approximately 9% of sequenced bacterial genomes. Overall, gene diversity in cassettes is extraordinarily high, suggesting that the integron/gene cassette system has a broad role in adaptation rather than being confined to simply conferring resistance to antibiotics. In this chapter, we provide a review of the integron/gene cassette system highlighting characteristics associated with this system, diversity of elements contained within it, and their importance in driving bacterial evolution and consequently adaptation. Ideas on the evolution of gene cassettes and gene cassette arrays are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Labbate
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Boucher Y, Labbate M, Koenig JE, Stokes HW. Integrons: mobilizable platforms that promote genetic diversity in bacteria. Trends Microbiol 2007; 15:301-9. [PMID: 17566739 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2007.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Integrons facilitate the capture of potentially adaptive exogenous genetic material by their host genomes. It is now clear that integrons are not limited to the clinical contexts in which they were originally discovered because approximately 10% of bacterial genomes that have been partially or completely sequenced harbour this genetic element. This wealth of sequence information has revealed that integrons are not only much more phylogenetically diverse than previously thought but also more mobilizable, with many integrons having been subjected to frequent lateral gene transfer throughout their evolutionary history. This indicates that the genetic characteristics that make integrons such efficient vectors for the spread of antibiotic resistance genes have been associated with these elements since their earliest origins. Here, we give an overview of the structural and phylogenetic diversity of integrons and describe evolutionary events that have contributed to the success of these genetic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Boucher
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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Papagiannitsis CC, Loli A, Tzouvelekis LS, Tzelepi E, Arlet G, Miriagou V. SCO-1, a novel plasmid-mediated class A beta-lactamase with carbenicillinase characteristics from Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:2185-8. [PMID: 17353248 PMCID: PMC1891400 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01439-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel class A beta-lactamase (SCO-1) encoded by an 80-kb self-transferable plasmid from Escherichia coli is described. The interaction of SCO-1 with beta-lactams was similar to that of the CARB-type enzymes. Also, SCO-1 exhibited a 51% amino acid sequence identity with the RTG subgroup of chromosomal carbenicillinases (RTG-1, CARB-5, and CARB-8).
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Papagiannitsis
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Institut Pasteur Hellenique, Vas. Sofias 127, Athens 11521, Greece
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Wang J, Bo R, Xu L, Mi Z, Wang C. A CARB-like β-lactamase gene from a multiple-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate in China. J Med Microbiol 2006; 55:1609-1610. [PMID: 17030927 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Wang
- Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Wuxi 214073, China
| | - Ruifang Bo
- Wuxi First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Lan Xu
- Wuxi First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Zuhuang Mi
- Wuxi Clone Gen-Tech Institute, Wuxi 214026, China
| | - Chunxin Wang
- Wuxi First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
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Abstract
Integrons are assembly platforms - DNA elements that acquire open reading frames embedded in exogenous gene cassettes and convert them to functional genes by ensuring their correct expression. They were first identified by virtue of their important role in the spread of antibiotic-resistance genes. More recently, our understanding of their importance in bacterial genome evolution has broadened with the discovery of larger integron structures, termed superintegrons. These DNA elements contain hundreds of accessory genes and constitute a significant fraction of the genomes of many bacterial species. Here, the basic biology of integrons and superintegrons, their evolutionary history and the evidence for the existence of a novel recombination pathway is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Mazel
- Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien- CNRS URA 2171, Department Génomes et Génétique, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France.
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Elbourne LDH, Hall RM. Gene cassette encoding a 3-N-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase in a chromosomal integron. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:2270-1. [PMID: 16723604 PMCID: PMC1479136 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01450-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Fonseca EL, Vieira VV, Cipriano R, Vicente ACP. Emergence of dhfrXVb and blaCARB-4 gene cassettes in class 1 integrons from clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in Amazon region. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2006; 101:81-4. [PMID: 16699713 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762006000100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrons play a role in horizontal acquisition and expression of genes, as well as gene reservoir, contributing for the resistance phenotype, particularly relevant to bacteria of clinical importance. We aimed to determine the composition and the organization of the class 1 integron variable region present in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates from Brazil. Strains carrying class 1 integrons were resistant to the majority of antibiotics tested, except to imipenem and ceftazidime. Sequence analysis of the integron variable region revealed the presence of the blaCARB-4 gene into two distinct cassette arrays: aacA4-dhfrXVb-blaCARB-4 and aadB-aacA4-blaCARB-4. dhfrXVb gene cassette, which is rare in Brazil and in P. aeruginosa species, was found in one isolate. PFGE analysis showed the spread of blaCARB-4 among P. aeruginosa clones. The occurrence of blaCARB-4 and dhfrXVb in Brazil may contribute for developing resistance to clinically important antibiotics, and shows a diversified scenarium of these elements occurring in Amazon clinical settings, where no study about integron dynamics was performed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Fonseca
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Castañeda NC, Pichel M, Orman B, Binsztein N, Roy PH, Centrón D. Genetic characterization of Vibrio cholerae isolates from Argentina by V. cholerae repeated sequences-polymerase chain reaction. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2005; 53:175-83. [PMID: 16249063 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2005.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2005] [Accepted: 05/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a novel typing method based on Vibrio cholerae repeat sequences (VCR) using primers directed out of the VCR sequences. To evaluate the VCR-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a typing system, 2 categories, efficacy and efficiency, were analyzed in 69 strains of human and environmental V. cholerae O1 toxigenic and nontoxigenic, and non-O1 strains isolated since 1992-2000 from Argentina. The discriminatory power (0.91), stability (0.95), reproducibility (1), typeability (1), rapidity, accessibility, as well ease of use, indicated that the VCR-PCR method provides an alternative useful tool for molecular epidemiology of V. cholerae. The VCR-PCR of V. cholerae isolates showed 29 patterns, of which pattern 1 represented 68% of the V. cholerae O1 isolates, supporting the hypothesis that a clone with epidemic behavior was responsible for the epidemic in Latin America. These results showed a good correlation and a better epidemiologic analysis when the results were compared in parallel with repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences-PCR. In conclusion, VCR-PCR showed excellent performance as a typing method for cholera surveillance programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Claudia Castañeda
- Departamento de Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas, ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Av Velez Sarfield 563, 1281, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Coque-González MT. Papel de los integrones en la resistencia a los agentes antimicrobianos. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2005; 23:251-3. [PMID: 15899173 DOI: 10.1157/13074963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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