1
|
Flateau C, Riazi A, Cassard B, Camus M, Diamantis S. Streptococcal and enterococcal endocarditis: time for individualized antibiotherapy? J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:3073-3076. [PMID: 34486671 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recommendations for the treatment of streptococcal and enterococcal endocarditis are based on old efficacy studies, but the starting doses have never been reassessed and are associated with significant adverse events. Based on data from other serious infections, we suggest that maintaining a concentration of β-lactams higher than 4-6 times the responsible bacteria MIC 100% of the time in the heart of the vegetation would be a pertinent therapeutic objective. The data point to a diffusion gradient of β-lactams in the vegetation. Yet, so far as is known, the ratio of antibiotic concentration at steady state between plasma and vegetation cannot be completely determined. Answering this crucial question would make it possible for each patient to have a targeted β-lactam plasma concentration, according to the MIC for the responsible bacteria. This would lead the way to personalized antibiotherapy and allow a safe switch to oral medication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Flateau
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Ile de France (GHSIF), Melun, France
| | - Adélie Riazi
- Hospital Pharmacy, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Ile de France (GHSIF), Melun, France
| | - Bruno Cassard
- Hospital Pharmacy, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Ile de France (GHSIF), Melun, France
| | - Maryse Camus
- Hospital Pharmacy, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Ile de France (GHSIF), Melun, France
| | - Sylvain Diamantis
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Groupe Hospitalier Sud Ile de France (GHSIF), Melun, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
ARICAN B, SAZAK ÖVEÇOĞLU H. In Vitro Comparison of the Antimicrobial Effects of Different Root Canal Medicaments on Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.912285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
3
|
Sallam MM, Abou-Aisha K, El-Azizi M. A novel combination approach of human polyclonal IVIG and antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Infect Drug Resist 2016; 9:301-311. [PMID: 27994476 PMCID: PMC5153292 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s120227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gram-positive bacteria, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and enterococci, have shown a remarkable ability to develop resistance to antimicrobial agents. Objective We aimed to assess possible enhancement of the antimicrobial activity of vancomycin, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin by human polyclonal intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) against 34 multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates, including MRSA, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and methods Double combinations of the antibiotics with the IVIG were assessed by checkerboard assay, where the interaction was evaluated with respect to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the antibiotics. The results of the checkerboard assay were verified in vitro using time-kill assay and in vivo using an invasive sepsis murine model. Results The checkerboard assay showed that IVIG enhanced the antimicrobial activity of amoxicillin and clarithromycin against isolates from the three groups of bacteria, which were resistant to the same antibiotics when tested in the absence of IVIG. The efficacy of vancomycin against 15% of the tested isolates was enhanced when it was combined with the antibodies. Antagonism was demonstrated in 47% of the E. faecalis isolates when clarithromycin was combined with the IVIG. Synergism was proved in the time-kill assay when amoxicillin was combined with the antibodies; meanwhile, antagonism was not demonstrated in all tested combinations, even in combinations that showed such response in checkerboard assay. Conclusion The suggested approach is promising and could be helpful to enhance the antimicrobial activity of not only effective antibiotics but also antibiotics that have been proven to be ineffective against MDR bacteria. To our knowledge, this combinatorial approach against MDR bacteria, such as MRSA and enterococci, has not been investigated before.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Madkour Sallam
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abou-Aisha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Azizi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khani M, Fatollahzade M, Pajavand H, Bakhtiari S, Abiri R. Increasing Prevalence of Aminoglycoside-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Isolates Due to the aac(6')-aph(2") Gene: A Therapeutic Problem in Kermanshah, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e28923. [PMID: 27217920 PMCID: PMC4870677 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.28923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Enterococci are important pathogens in nosocomial infections. Various types of antibiotics, such as aminoglycosides, are used for treatment of these infections. Enterococci can acquire resistant traits, which can lead to therapeutic problems with aminoglycosides. Objectives: This study was designed to identify the prevalence of, and to compare, the aac(6’)-aph(2”) and aph(3)-IIIa genes and their antimicrobial resistance patterns among Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium isolates from patients at Imam Reza hospital in Kermanshah in 2011 - 2012. Patients and Methods: One hundred thirty-eight clinical specimens collected from different wards of Imam Reza hospital were identified to the species level by biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests against kanamycin, teicoplanin, streptomycin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin were performed by the disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of gentamicin, streptomycin, kanamycin, and amikacin were evaluated with the microbroth dilution method. The aminoglycoside resistance genes aac(6’)-aph(2”) and aph(3”)-IIIa were analyzed with multiplex PCR. Results: The prevalence of isolates was 33 (24.1%) for E. faecium and 63 (46%) for E. faecalis. Eighty-nine percent of the isolates were high-level gentamicin resistant (HLGR), and 32.8% of E. faecium isolates and 67.2% of E. faecalis isolates carried aac(6’)-aph(2”). The prevalence of aph(3”)-IIIa among the E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates was 22.7% and 77.3%, respectively. Conclusions: Remarkably increased incidence of aac(6’)-aph(2”) among HLGR isolates explains the relationship between this gene and the high level of resistance to aminoglycosides. As the resistant gene among enterococci can be transferred, the use of new-generation antibiotics is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Khani
- Department of General Practitioner Training, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| | - Mahdie Fatollahzade
- Department of General Practitioner Training, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| | - Hamid Pajavand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| | - Somaye Bakhtiari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| | - Ramin Abiri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Ramin Abiri, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9122773648, Fax: +98-4276477, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
de Castilho AL, da Silva JPC, Saraceni CHC, Díaz IEC, Paciencia MLB, Varella AD, Suffredini IB. In vitro activity of Amazon plant extracts against Enterococcus faecalis. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:769-79. [PMID: 25477906 PMCID: PMC4204957 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies analyzing 2,200 plant extracts indicated anti-enterococcal activity in 25 extracts obtained from Brazilian forests’ plants. In the present study, these extracts were subjected to microdilution broth assay (MDBA) and disk diffusion assay (DDA) using planktonic Enterococcus faecalis ATCC® 29212™ and were submitted to phytochemical analysis in TLC and HPLC. Three extracts obtained from Ipomoea alba (MIC < 40 μg/mL), Diclinanona calycina (MIC ≤ 40 μg/mL) and Moronobea coccinea (40 < MIC < 80 μg/mL; MBC = 80 μg/mL) showed significant bactericidal activity in the MDBA and four extracts obtained from I. alba (14.04 ± 0.55 mm diameter) S. globulifera (14.43 ± 0.33 mm and 12.18 ± 0.28 mm diameter) and Connarus ruber var. ruber (13.13 ± 0.18 mm diameter) were active in DDA. Residues H2O obtained from Psidium densicomum (mean of 16.78 mm diameter) and from Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum (mean of 15.97 mm diameter) have shown an improved antibacterial activity after fractionation if compared to that obtained from the respective crude extracts. Antioxidant activity was observed in some residues of the active extracts. TLC analysis showed that phenolic compounds are likely to be found in active extracts. Three molecules were isolated from S. globulifera and were identified by 13C NMR lupeol, α-amyrin and 3β-hydroxyglutin-5-ene. The present chemical and biological findings suggest that these extracts are a potential source of new anti-Enterococcus compounds to be introduced in endodontic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Lígia de Castilho
- Programa de Graduação em Odontologia Universidade Paulista São PauloSP Brazil Programa de Graduação em Odontologia, Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Paola Correa da Silva
- Programa de Graduação em Odontologia Universidade Paulista São PauloSP Brazil Programa de Graduação em Odontologia, Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cintia Helena Coury Saraceni
- Programa de Graduação em Odontologia Universidade Paulista São PauloSP Brazil Programa de Graduação em Odontologia, Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ingrit Elida Collantes Díaz
- Laboratório de Extração Núcleo de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade São PauloSP Brazil Laboratório de Extração, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mateus Luís Barradas Paciencia
- Laboratório de Extração Núcleo de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade São PauloSP Brazil Laboratório de Extração, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Drauzio Varella
- Laboratório de Extração Núcleo de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade São PauloSP Brazil Laboratório de Extração, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivana Barbosa Suffredini
- Programa de Graduação em Odontologia Universidade Paulista São PauloSP Brazil Programa de Graduação em Odontologia, Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. ; Laboratório de Extração Núcleo de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade São PauloSP Brazil Laboratório de Extração, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dahl A, Bruun NE. Enterococcus faecalisinfective endocarditis: focus on clinical aspects. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 11:1247-57. [DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2013.832482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
7
|
The in vitro contribution of autolysins to bacterial killing elicited by amoxicillin increases with inoculum size in Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 55:910-2. [PMID: 21098238 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01230-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of antibiotic-induced cell death are poorly understood despite the critical role of the bactericidal activities of antibiotics for successful treatment of severe infections. These mechanisms include irreversible damaging of macromolecules by reactive oxygen species and bacteriolysis mediated by peptidoglycan hydrolases (autolysins). We have assessed the contribution of the second mechanism by using an autolysin-deficient mutant of Enterococcus faecalis and shown that it contributes to amoxicillin-induced cell lysis only at a high bacterial density.
Collapse
|
8
|
Larsen J, Schønheyder HC, Lester CH, Olsen SS, Porsbo LJ, Garcia-Migura L, Jensen LB, Bisgaard M, Hammerum AM. Porcine-origin gentamicin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis in humans, Denmark. Emerg Infect Dis 2010; 16:682-4. [PMID: 20350387 PMCID: PMC3321936 DOI: 10.3201/eid1604.090500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During 2001–2002, high-level gentamicin-resistant (HLGR) Enterococcusfaecalis isolates were detected in 2 patients in Denmark who had infective endocarditis and in pigs and pork. Our results demonstrate that these isolates belong to the same clonal group, which suggests that pigs are a source of HLGR E. faecalis infection in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Larsen
- Department of Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Contribution of the autolysin AtlA to the bactericidal activity of amoxicillin against Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:1667-9. [PMID: 19188384 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00692-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bactericidal activity of amoxicillin was investigated against Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 and against an isogenic mutant deficient in the production of the N-acetylglucosaminidase AtlA. Comparison of the two strains indicated that this autolysin contributes to killing by amoxicillin both in vitro and in a rabbit model of experimental endocarditis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Aslangul E, Massias L, Meulemans A, Chau F, Andremont A, Courvalin P, Fantin B, Ruimy R. Acquired gentamicin resistance by permeability impairment in Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:3615-21. [PMID: 17065620 PMCID: PMC1635182 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00390-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are intrinsically resistant to low levels of aminoglycosides. We previously selected in vitro and in vivo Enterococcus faecalis with intermediate-level resistance to gentamicin that did not abolish synergism with a cell-wall-active agent (E. Aslangul et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49:4144-4148, 2005). The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of resistance to gentamicin in the 1688-G3 third-step mutant (MIC, 512 microg/ml) of E. faecalis JH2-2. No mutations were found in the genes for L6 ribosomal protein and the four copies of 16S rRNA. Production of a known aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme was unlikely due to the distinct resistance phenotype and absence of the corresponding genes. Efflux was also unlikely since ethidium bromide MICs were similar for JH2-2 and 1688-G3 and since the pump inhibitors reserpine and verapamil had no effect on gentamicin resistance in both strains. To study gentamicin accumulation, we developed a nonisotopic method based on a fluorescent polarization immunoassay. Impaired gentamicin accumulation was observed in 1688-G3 compared to JH2-2 and was only partially reversible by the N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) uncoupler agent. The lower sensitivity of 1688-G3 to DCCD suggested alteration of the FoF1-ATPase. However, no mutations were detected in the structural genes (atp) for the Fo channel and no difference in transcript levels of atpB and atpE was found between 1688-G3 and JH2-2. Our data are compatible with acquisition of intermediate-level gentamicin resistance by uptake impairment in E. faecalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Aslangul
- EA 3964, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Paris 7, 46, rue Henri Huchard, 75870 Paris Cedex 18, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|