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Page MJ, Kell DB, Pretorius E. The Role of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cell Signalling in Chronic Inflammation. CHRONIC STRESS (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2022; 6:24705470221076390. [PMID: 35155966 PMCID: PMC8829728 DOI: 10.1177/24705470221076390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the main structural component of the outer membrane of most Gram-negative bacteria and has diverse immunostimulatory and procoagulant effects. Even though LPS is well described for its role in the pathology of sepsis, considerable evidence demonstrates that LPS-induced signalling and immune dysregulation are also relevant in the pathophysiology of many diseases, characteristically where endotoxaemia is less severe. These diseases are typically chronic and progressive in nature and span broad classifications, including neurodegenerative, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases. This Review reappraises the mechanisms of LPS-induced signalling and emphasises the crucial contribution of LPS to the pathology of multiple chronic diseases, beyond conventional sepsis. This perspective asserts that new ways of approaching chronic diseases by targeting LPS-driven pathways may be of therapeutic benefit in a wide range of chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas B Kell
- Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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Alva PP, Suresh S, Nanjappa DP, James JP, Kaverikana R, Chakraborty A, Sarojini BK, Premanath R. Isolation and identification of quorum sensing antagonist from Cinnamomum verum leaves against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Life Sci 2020; 267:118878. [PMID: 33358909 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed at isolating and identifying potential anti-quorum sensing (QS) compounds from Cinnamomum verum leaves against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODOLOGY Isolation of anti-QS compounds from C. verum leaf ethanol extract was carried out by column chromatography. The bioactive fraction was analysed by UV, IR, and GCMS spectroscopy. Various virulence assays were performed to assess the QS quenching ability of the purified compounds. In vivo toxicity of the purified compounds was examined in zebrafish model. The expression of the virulence genes was evaluated by qPCR analysis and in silico assessment was accomplished to check the binding ability of the compounds with the autoinducer molecule. KEY FINDINGS The QS inhibitors isolated and identified showed a remarkable ability in reducing the production of elastase, pyocyanin, swarming motility and biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa. In the presence of the characterized compounds, the expression of virulence genes of P. aeruginosa was significantly reduced. Toxicity studies in zebrafish model indicated no effects on development and organogenesis at a concentration below 100 mg/l. Further, in silico analysis demonstrated the binding efficiency of the anti-QS compounds to AHL molecules, thus proving the QS quenching ability of the isolated compounds. SIGNIFICANCE To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of isolation of anti-QS compounds from C. verum leaves against P. aeruginosa. The identified compounds qualify as potential QS antagonists. Further studies on these compounds can pave way for an effective and attractive anti-pathogenic therapy, to overcome the emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathiksha Prabhakara Alva
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Paneer campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Sarika Suresh
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Paneer campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Dechamma Pandyanda Nanjappa
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Paneer campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Jainey Puthenveetil James
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), Nitte Gulabi Shetty Memorial Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Paneer campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajesh Kaverikana
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), Nitte Gulabi Shetty Memorial Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Paneer campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Anirban Chakraborty
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Paneer campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Balladka K Sarojini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramya Premanath
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Paneer campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India.
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Annona senegalensis extract demonstrates anticancer properties in N-diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in male Wistar rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110786. [PMID: 33152944 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and leading cancer around the globe. This study investigated the anticancer properties of extract of Annona senegalensis in N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) - induced hepatocellular carcinoma in male Wistar rats. METHODS Rats were simultaneously induced with a combination of 100 mg/kg b.wt of DEN and 0.5 mL/kg of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intraperitoneally once a week for three weeks in a row. Thereafter, animals were treated with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg b.wt of A. senegalensis extract daily for 21days. Analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was carried out to discover the phytoconstituents contained in the n-hexane extract of A. senegelensis. The levels of liver function parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities were determined via spectrophotometric analysis. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique was used to assess the gene expression patterns of BCL-2, P53, P21, IL-6, FNTA, VEGF, HIF, AFP, XIAP, and EGFR mRNAs. RESULTS Treatment of DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma Wistar rats with the extract caused significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the activities of ALT and AST. It also resulted in a reduction of the concentration of MDA and a significant increase (p < 0.05) in SOD and GSH activities. IL-6, BCL-2, VEGF, EGFR, XIAP, FNTA, and P21 mRNAs expressions were significantly (p < 0.05) downregulated after treatment. Histopathological analysis revealed that the extract improved the liver architecture. CONCLUSION A. senegelensis n-hexane extract demonstrates its anticancer properties by improving the liver architecture, increasing the antioxidant defense systems, downregulating the pro-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, angiogenic, alpha-fetoprotein and farnesyl transferase mRNAs expression and hitherto up-regulate the expression of tumor suppressor (P21 and P53) mRNAs.
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Andrä J, Gutsmann T, Garidel P, Brandenburg K. Invited review: Mechanisms of endotoxin neutralization by synthetic cationic compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/09680519060120050201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A basic challenge in the treatment of septic patients in critical care units is the release of bacterial pathogenicity factors such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) from the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria due to killing by antibiotics. LPS aggregates may interact with serum and membrane proteins such as LBP (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein) and CD14 leading to the observed strong reaction of the immune system. Thus, an effective treatment of patients infected by Gram-negative bacteria must comprise beside bacterial killing the neutralization of endotoxins. Here, data are summarized for synthetic compounds indicating the stepwise development to very effective LPS-neutralizing agents. These data include synthetic peptides, based on the endotoxin-binding domains of natural binding proteins such as lactoferrin, Limulus anti-LPS factor, NK-lysin, and cathelicidins or based on LPS sequestering polyamines. Many of these compounds could be shown to act not only in vitro, but also in vivo (e.g . in animal models of sepsis), and might be useful in future clinical trials and in sepsis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Andrä
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Biophysics Division, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Borstel, Germany
| | - Thomas Gutsmann
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Biophysics Division, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Borstel, Germany
| | - Patrick Garidel
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Klaus Brandenburg
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Biophysics Division, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Borstel, Germany,
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Naberezhnykh G, Gorbach V, Kalmykova E, Solov'eva T. Determination of the parameters of binding between lipopolysaccharide and chitosan and its N-acetylated derivative using a gravimetric piezoquartz biosensor. Biophys Chem 2015; 198:9-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Osornio YM, Uebelhart P, Bosshard S, Konrad F, Siegel JS, Landau EM. Design and synthesis of lipids for the fabrication of functional lipidic cubic-phase biomaterials. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10583-95. [PMID: 23121640 DOI: 10.1021/jo301659c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel lipids with designed functionalities were synthesized. These lipids are based on conjugation of α-amino acids and their esters, cationic, anionic, neutral, and photochromic moieties to the lipophilic 9-cis octadecenyl chains by amide, ester, thioester, or amine bonds. Because of the plasticity of lipidic cubic phases, it is envisaged that when mixed with monooleoyl-rac-glycerol (monoolein, MO) and water at appropriate proportions, they would assemble to form bicontinuous lipidic cubic phases (LCPs) that exhibit the well-known material properties of LCPs such as phase stability, optical transparency, and chemical permeability. Moreover, due to the nature and position of the functionality at the headgroup region, we envision them to perform as functional materials by design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmin M Osornio
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Fatty acyl-gramicidin S derivatives with both high antibiotic activity and low hemolytic activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:106-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Synthesis and antibacterial properties of carbohydrate-templated lysine surfactants. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:588-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Prediction of the binding affinities of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists based on the heuristic method and support vector machine. Med Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-010-9431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bera S, Zhanel GG, Schweizer F. Antibacterial Activities of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics-Derived Cationic Amphiphiles. Polyol-Modified Neomycin B-, Kanamycin A-, Amikacin-, and Neamine-Based Amphiphiles with Potent Broad Spectrum Antibacterial Activity. J Med Chem 2010; 53:3626-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jm1000437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Smritilekha Bera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - George G. Zhanel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Frank Schweizer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3P4, Canada
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Zorko M, Jerala R. Alexidine and chlorhexidine bind to lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid and prevent cell activation by antibiotics. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 62:730-7. [PMID: 18635521 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkn270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many antibiotics used to treat infections cause release of immunostimulatory cell wall components from bacteria. Therefore, a combination of antimicrobial and endotoxin-neutralizing activity is desired to prevent inflammation induced by destroyed bacteria. Chlorhexidine and alexidine are amphipathic bisbiguanides and could neutralize bacterial membrane components as stimulators of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). METHODS Binding of chlorhexidine and alexidine to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) was determined by fluorescence displacement assay and isothermal calorimetric titration. Neutralization of the biological effect of LPS and LTA on TLR-activated cellular activation was determined by NF-kappaB reporter luciferase activation on cells transfected with specific TLRs and NO production of murine macrophages in the presence of isolated agonists and antibiotic-treated bacteria. RESULTS Alexidine and chlorhexidine bind not only to LPS but also to LTA from Gram-positive bacteria. Alexidine has a higher affinity than chlorhexidine for both compounds. Calorimetric titration shows an initial endothermic contribution indicating participation of hydrophobic interactions in LPS binding, while binding to LTA displayed initial exothermic contribution. Both compounds prevent cell activation of TLR4 and TLR2 by LPS and LTA, respectively. The addition of both compounds suppressed NO production by macrophages in the presence of bacteria treated with different types of antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS Chlorhexidine and alexidine suppress bacterial membrane-induced cell activation at concentrations two orders of magnitude lower than that used in topical applications. Combining biocides with different types of antibiotics prevented macrophage activation in the presence of bacteria and demonstrated the potential of chlorhexidine and alexidine to suppress inflammatory responses caused by activation of TLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Zorko
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Naberezhnykh GA, Gorbach VI, Likhatskaya GN, Davidova VN, Solov’eva TF. Interaction of chitosans and their N-acylated derivatives with lipopolysaccharide of gram-negative bacteria. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2008; 73:432-41. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297908040081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
Lipopeptide daptomycin is one of the few recently approved antibiotics based on the novel mechanism of action. Recent advances in synthetic lipopeptides, driven by the biochemical and biophysical research, expanded their spectrum of antimicrobial activity and reduced their size to achieve economically viable production. Lipopeptides, consisting of a short peptide chain conjugated with an acyl chain, form a structurally defined conformation, which inserts into the bacterial membrane and dissipates its transmembrane potential. In addition to antimicrobial activity, synthetic lipopeptides also suppress inflammation through the neutralization of bacterial agonists of the innate immune response, synergize with conventional antibiotics and have improved proteolytic stability. Activities in animal models indicate that synthetic lipopeptides may surpass the natural lipopeptides as the perspective class of anti-infective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Jerala
- National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Balakrishna R, Wood SJ, Nguyen TB, Miller KA, Suresh Kumar EVK, Datta A, David SA. Structural correlates of antibacterial and membrane-permeabilizing activities in acylpolyamines. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50:852-61. [PMID: 16495242 PMCID: PMC1426419 DOI: 10.1128/aac.50.3.852-861.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A homologous series of mono- and bis-acyl polyamines with varying acyl chain lengths originally synthesized for the purpose of sequestering lipopolysaccharide were evaluated for antimicrobial activity to test the hypothesis that these bis-cationic amphipathic compounds may also bind to and permeabilize intact gram-negative bacterial membranes. Some compounds were found to possess significant antimicrobial activity, mediated via permeabilization of bacterial membranes. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed a strong dependence of the acyl chain length on antimicrobial potency and permeabilization activity. Homologated spermine, bis-acylated with C8 or C9 chains, was found to profoundly sensitize Escherichia coli to hydrophobic antibiotics such as rifampin. Nonspecific cytotoxicity is a potential drawback of these membranophilic compounds. However, the surface activity of these cationic amphipaths is strongly attenuated under physiological conditions via binding to serum albumin. Significant antibacterial activity is still retained in the presence of physiological concentrations of human serum albumin, suggesting that these compounds may serve as leads in the development of novel adjuncts to conventional antimicrobial chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalakshmi Balakrishna
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 145E Bldg. B, University of Kansas, Life Sciences Research Laboratories, 1501 Wakarusa Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66049, USA
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