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Babaeenezhad E, Dezfoulian O, Hadipour Moradi F, Rahimi Monfared S, Fattahi MD, Nasri M, Amini A, Ahmadvand H. Exogenous glutathione protects against gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting NF-κB pathway, oxidative stress, and apoptosis and regulating PCNA. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:441-450. [PMID: 35266424 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2049290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed, for the first time, to examine the possible nephroprotective effects of exogenous glutathione (EGSH) (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) on gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury (GM-induced AKI). EGSH reduced renal histopathological changes, inflammatory cell infiltration, and improved renal dysfunction in rats with AKI. EGSH ameliorated GM-induced renal oxidative stress by promoting the renal activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase and diminishing renal malondialdehyde and serum nitric oxide levels. Interestingly, EGSH inhibited intrinsic apoptosis by downregulating Bax and caspase-3 and upregulating Bcl2 in the kidney of rats with AKI. EGSH decreased GM-induced inflammatory response as reflected by a remarkable decrease in the protein expressions of NF-κB-p65, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS and a considerable diminish in myeloperoxidase activity. Finally, EGSH markedly declined proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein expression in the animals with AKI. In summary, EGSH alleviated AKI in rats intoxicated with GM, partially by inhibiting oxidative stress, NF-κB pathway, and intrinsic apoptosis and regulating PCNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeel Babaeenezhad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Dezfoulian
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Forouzan Hadipour Moradi
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Sobhan Rahimi Monfared
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Davood Fattahi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nasri
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Abdolhakim Amini
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hassan Ahmadvand
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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2
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D'Achille G, Morroni G. Side effects of antibiotics and perturbations of mitochondria functions. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 377:121-139. [PMID: 37268348 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are one of the greatest discoveries of medicine of the past century. Despite their invaluable contribution to infectious disease, their administration could lead to side effects that in some cases are serious. The toxicity of some antibiotics is in part due to their interaction with mitochondria: these organelles derive from a bacterial ancestor and possess specific translation machinery that shares similarities with the bacterial counterpart. In other cases, the antibiotics could interfere with mitochondrial functions even if their main bacterial targets are not shared with the eukaryotic cells. The purpose of this review is to summarize the effects of antibiotics administration on mitochondrial homeostasis and the opportunity that some of these molecules could represent in cancer treatment. The importance of antimicrobial therapy is unquestionable, but the identification of interaction with eukaryotic cells and in particular with mitochondria is crucial to reduce the toxicity of these drugs and to explore other useful medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria D'Achille
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Morroni
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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3
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Arjmand A, Shiranirad S, Ameritorzani F, Kamranfar F, Seydi E, Pourahmad J. Mitochondrial transplantation against gentamicin-induced toxicity on rat renal proximal tubular cells: the higher activity of female rat mitochondria. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:31-40. [PMID: 36630058 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a fundamental mechanism leading to drug nephrotoxicity, such as gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Mitochondrial therapy (mitotherapy) or exogenous mitochondria transplantation is a method that can be used to replace dysfunctional mitochondria with healthy mitochondria. This method can help in the treatment of diseases related to mitochondria. In this research, we studied the transplantation effect of freshly isolated mitochondria on the toxicity induced by gentamicin on renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs). Furthermore, possible gender-related effects on supplying exogenous rat kidney mitochondria on gentamicin-induced RPTCs were investigated. At first, the normality and proper functioning of fresh mitochondria were assessed by measuring mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity (SDH) and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Then, the protective effects of mitochondrial transplantation against gentamicin-induced mitochondrial toxicity were evaluated through parameters including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakiness, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation (LPO) content, reduced glutathione (GSH) level, extracellular oxidized glutathione (GSSG) level, ATP level, MMP collapse, and caspase-3 activity. According to the statistical analysis, transplanting the healthy mitochondria decreased the cytotoxicity, ROS production, MMP collapse, LPO content, GSSG levels, and caspase-3 activity caused by gentamicin in RPTCs. Also, it has caused an increase in the level of ATP and GSH in the RPTCs. Furthermore, higher preventive effects were observed for the female group. According to the current study, mitochondrial transplantation is a potent therapeutic method in xenobiotic-caused nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Arjmand
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Shiranirad
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Ameritorzani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus
| | - Farzaneh Kamranfar
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran
| | - Enayatollah Seydi
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. .,Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran.
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Saeed ZM, Khattab MI, Khorshid NE, Salem AE. Ellagic acid and cilostazol ameliorate amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by downregulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271591. [PMID: 35849599 PMCID: PMC9292089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Amikacin (AK) has the largest spectrum of aminoglycosides. However, its use is constrained because of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Ellagic acid (EA) is a polyphenol present in plants. It has antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, and antimutagenic characteristics. Cilostazol (CTZ) is a phosphodiesterase Ш inhibitor, it is a potent vasodilator and antiplatelet drug. CTZ has an inhibitory effect on reactive oxygen species and superoxide generation in addition to hydroxyl radicals scavenging action. This study determines whether EA and cilostazol have a protective effect against AK-induced nephrotoxicity. Forty-nine rats were divided into seven equal groups: control normal; AK 400 mg/kg; EA 10 mg/kg; CTZ 10 mg/kg; AK 400 mg/kg plus EA 10 mg/kg; AK 400 mg/kg plus CTZ 10 mg/kg; AK 400 mg/kg plus EA 10 mg/kg and CTZ 10 mg/kg. For seven days, drugs were administered using gavage one hour before intramuscular injection of AK. Twenty-four hours after the last AK dosage, blood samples were collected to determine blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. Kidneys were removed for histopathological examination and measurement of: malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), decreased glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin 6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), and Bcl-2 associated x protein (BAX). AK caused kidney damage, inflammatory mediator elevation, and oxidative stress and apoptotic markers. Rats receiving EA or CTZ indicated significant improvement in kidney function, decrease in oxidative stress and inflammation through NF-kB down-regulation and BAX expression. The combination of EA and CTZ showed a synergistic effect. In conclusion, EA and CTZ might play a beneficial role in preventing nephrotoxicity induced by AK partially by inhibition of tissue inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Mahmoud Saeed
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Monira Ismail Khattab
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nadia Esmat Khorshid
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amal Elsayed Salem
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Biochemical interaction of pyrvinium in gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury by modulating calcium dyshomeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 363:110020. [PMID: 35750223 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has a poor clinical prognosis and increases the risk of chronic kidney failure (CKD). It is a common complication of organ failure in hospitalised patients (10-15% of all hospitalizations) and in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, with an incidence of up to 50%. Concerning ICU, AKI has a mortality rate ranging from 27% to 35%, rising to 60%-65% when dialysis is needed, with roughly 5%-20% of survivors requiring dialysis on discharge. AKI is believed to cause over 7 million deaths per year worldwide. Currently, there is no treatment for AKI or its progression to CKD. When activated by AKI, numerous pathways have been suggested as possible contributors to CKD progression. Wnt/β-catenin is a crucial regulator of kidney development that increases following the injury. Despite the overwhelming evidence that Wnt/β-catenin promotes AKI, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, a hallmark of CKD progression, is also promoted by this pathway. The therapeutic potential of Wnt/β-catenin in the treatment of AKI and the progression from AKI to CKD is being studied. This hypothesis aims to determine whether the Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor pyrvinium has a beneficial effect on the renal dysfunction and damage caused by Gentamicin.
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Madbouly N, Azmy A, Salama A, El-Amir A. The nephroprotective properties of taurine-amikacin treatment in rats are mediated through HSP25 and TLR-4 regulation. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2021; 74:580-592. [PMID: 34253885 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-021-00441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amikacin (AMK) is one of the most effective aminoglycoside antibiotics. However, nephrotoxicity is a major deleterious and dose-limiting side effect associated with its clinical use especially in high dose AMK-treated patients. The present study assessed the ability of taurine (TAU) to alleviate or prevent AMK-induced nephrotoxicity if co-administrated with AMK focusing on inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. Male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to six equal groups. Group 1: rats received saline (normal control), group 2: normal rats received 50 mg kg-1 TAU intraperitoneally (i.p.). Groups 3 and 4: received AMK (25 or 50 mg kg-1; i.p.). Groups 5 and 6: received TAU (50 mg kg-1; i.p.) concurrently with AMK (25 or 50 mg kg-1; i.p.) for 3 weeks. AMK-induced nephrotoxicity is evidenced by elevated levels of serum creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and uric acid (UA). Histopathological investigations provoked damaging changes in the renal tissues. Heat shock proteins (HSP)25 and Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) elevated levels were involved in the induction of inflammatory reactions and focal fibrosis. The improved activation of TLR-4 may stimulate monocytes to upgrade Interleukin (IL)-18 production rather than IL-10. TAU proved therapeutic effectiveness against AMK-induced renal toxicity through downregulation of HSP25, TLR-4, caspase-3, and IL-18 with up-regulation of IL-10 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neveen Madbouly
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ayman Azmy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer Salama
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza El-Amir
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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The Mechanism of Drug Nephrotoxicity and the Methods for Preventing Kidney Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116109. [PMID: 34204029 PMCID: PMC8201165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a global health challenge of vast proportions, as approx. 13.3% of people worldwide are affected annually. The pathophysiology of AKI is very complex, but its main causes are sepsis, ischemia, and nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity is mainly associated with the use of drugs. Drug-induced AKI accounts for 19-26% of all hospitalized cases. Drug-induced nephrotoxicity develops according to one of the three mechanisms: (1) proximal tubular injury and acute tubular necrosis (ATN) (a dose-dependent mechanism), where the cause is related to apical contact with drugs or their metabolites, the transport of drugs and their metabolites from the apical surface, and the secretion of drugs from the basolateral surface into the tubular lumen; (2) tubular obstruction by crystals or casts containing drugs and their metabolites (a dose-dependent mechanism); (3) interstitial nephritis induced by drugs and their metabolites (a dose-independent mechanism). In this article, the mechanisms of the individual types of injury will be described. Specific groups of drugs will be linked to specific injuries. Additionally, the risk factors for the development of AKI and the methods for preventing and/or treating the condition will be discussed.
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Moo CL, Yang SK, Yusoff K, Ajat M, Thomas W, Abushelaibi A, Lim SHE, Lai KS. Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and Alternative Approaches to Overcome AMR. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 17:430-447. [PMID: 30836923 DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666190304122219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobials are useful compounds intended to eradicate or stop the growth of harmful microorganisms. The sustained increase in the rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide is worrying and poses a major public health threat. The development of new antimicrobial agents is one of the critical approaches to overcome AMR. However, in the race towards developing alternative approaches to combat AMR, it appears that the scientific community is falling behind when pitched against the evolutionary capacity of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Although the "pioneering strategy" of discovering completely new drugs is a rational approach, the time and effort taken are considerable, the process of drug development could instead be expedited if efforts were concentrated on enhancing the efficacy of existing antimicrobials through: combination therapies; bacteriophage therapy; antimicrobial adjuvants therapy or the application of nanotechnology. This review will briefly detail the causes and mechanisms of AMR as background, and then provide insights into a novel, future emerging or evolving strategies that are currently being evaluated and which may be developed in the future to tackle the progression of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chew-Li Moo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shun-Kai Yang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mokrish Ajat
- Department of Veterinary Pre Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Warren Thomas
- Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine, Perdana University, MAEPS Building, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aisha Abushelaibi
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, 41012 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Swee-Hua-Erin Lim
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, 41012 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kok-Song Lai
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Duracka M, Lukac N, Kacaniova M, Kantor A, Hleba L, Ondruska L, Tvrda E. Antibiotics Versus Natural Biomolecules: The Case of In Vitro Induced Bacteriospermia by Enterococcus Faecalis in Rabbit Semen. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234329. [PMID: 31783504 PMCID: PMC6930653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Male subfertility is a global issue in human reproduction as well as in animal reproduction. Bacterial infection and semen contamination are still widely overlooked. As the collection of ejaculates is not a sterile process, it is necessary to add antimicrobial agents to avoid a possible depreciation of semen samples. As traditionally used antibiotics have been questioned because of an ever-increasing bacterial resistance, natural bioactive molecules could offer an alternative because of their antibacterial and antioxidant properties. As such, we decided to compare the effects of selected natural biomolecules (resveratrol-RES, quercetin-QUE and curcumin-CUR) with routinely used antibiotics in animal biotechnologies (penicillin-PEN, gentamicin-GEN and kanamycin-KAN) on the rabbit sperm vitality in the presence of Enterococcus faecalis. Changes in the sperm structural integrity and functional activity were monitored at 0, 2, 4 and 6 h. Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) was used for the assessment of spermatozoa motility. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated using chemiluminiscence, while the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was examined using the JC-1 dye. Finally, the sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test was used to assess DNA fragmentation, and changes to the membrane integrity were evaluated with the help of annexin V/propidium iodide. The motility assessment revealed a significant sperm motility preservation following treatment with GEN (p < 0.001), followed by PEN and CUR (p < 0.01). QUE was the most capable substance to scavenge excessive ROS (p < 0.001) and to maintain ΔΨm (p < 0.01). The SCD assay revealed that the presence of bacteria and antibiotics significantly (p < 0.05) increased the DNA fragmentation. On the other hand, all bioactive compounds readily preserved the DNA integrity (p < 0.05). In contrast to the antibiotics, the natural biomolecules significantly maintained the sperm membrane integrity (p < 0.05). The microbiological analysis showed that GEN (p < 0.001), KAN (p < 0.001), PEN (p < 0.01) and CUR (p < 0.01) exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against E. faecalis. In conclusion, all selected biomolecules provided protection to rabbit spermatozoa against deleterious changes to their structure and function as a result of Enterococcus faecalis contamination. Therefore, administration of RES, QUE and/or CUR to rabbit semen extenders in combination with a carefully selected antibacterial substance may be desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Duracka
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.D.); (N.L.)
| | - Norbert Lukac
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.D.); (N.L.)
| | - Miroslava Kacaniova
- Department of Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Department of Bioenergy and Food Technology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza St. 4, 35601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Attila Kantor
- Department of Technology and Quality of Plant Products, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Lukas Hleba
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Lubomir Ondruska
- Institute of Small Farm Animals, Research Institute for Animal Production, Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Eva Tvrda
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.D.); (N.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-37-641-4918
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Cao L, Zhi D, Han J, Kumar Sah S, Xie Y. Combinational effect of curcumin and metformin against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity: Involvement of antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic pathway. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12836. [PMID: 31353717 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gentamicin (GM) is an antibiotic related to aminoglycoside group that is used in treating Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, treatment with gentamicin is considered to be limited as it induces an oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in kidney which causes a nephrotoxicity. Metformin is a well-known biguanide that is used for treating diabetes mellitus, especially type 2. Supplement with plant metabolites or natural antioxidants produce a protective activity against many types of diseases in vivo. Curcumin is a main medicinal constituent of Curcuma longa, has reported for number of biological effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor. The study aims at evaluating the metformin and curcumin alone or in combination on nephrotoxicity induced by GM. The outcome of the study shows that both metformin and curcumin, when used unaided, were effectively decreasing GM-induced nephrotoxicity. The two drugs combination was showed synergistic effect in ameliorating a GM-induced kidney injury, as supported by expressively improved renal dysfunction. Metformin and curcumin showed strong protection against oxidative stress in GM treated animals through decreasing the activities and expression of various antioxidative enzymes. Moreover, combination of two drugs showed an anti-inflammatory response through reducing a level of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1-beta, and interleukin 6 in GM intoxicated group of animals. Furthermore, GM agitated apoptosis was affectedly diminished by the combinational treatment of metformin and curcumin via down-regulating activity of cleaved Caspase-3 and pro-apoptotic factor Bax, whereas increasing anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 signaling pathways. The above results suggested that combinational treatment of metformin and curcumin might be have a synergizing effect and substantial potential against nephrotoxicity induced by GM. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Curcumin and metformin combination exhibited substantial synergistic effect against GM-induced nephrotoxicity through reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, as well as apoptosis in kidney cells. Therefore, the method of combination of curcumin and metformin might be functional to treat or inhibit GM prompted nephrotoxicity in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Cao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Dongyun Zhi
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Sushil Kumar Sah
- Department of Pharmacology, Birat Medical College, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - Yunhui Xie
- Department of Paediatrics, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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Membrane cholesterol delays cellular apoptosis induced by ginsenoside Rh2, a steroid saponin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 352:59-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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12
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Hassan SK, El-Sammad NM, Abdel-Hali AH, Mousa AM, Khalil WKB, Anwar N. Flavonoids-rich Extract of Beta vulgaris Subsp. cicla L. var. Flavescens Leaf, a Promising Protector Against Gentamicin- induced Nephrotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.652.666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Effects of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics on Human Embryonic Stem Cell Viability during Differentiation In Vitro. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:2451927. [PMID: 29147115 PMCID: PMC5632925 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2451927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are being used extensively in array of studies to understand different mechanisms such as early human embryogenesis, drug toxicity testing, disease modeling, and cell replacement therapy. The protocols for the directed differentiation of hESCs towards specific cell types often require long-term cell cultures. To avoid bacterial contamination, these protocols include addition of antibiotics such as pen-strep and gentamicin. Although aminoglycosides, streptomycin, and gentamicin have been shown to cause cytotoxicity in various animal models, the effect of these antibiotics on hESCs is not clear. In this study, we found that antibiotics, pen-strep, and gentamicin did not affect hESC cell viability or expression of pluripotency markers. However, during directed differentiation towards neural and hepatic fate, significant cell death was noted through the activation of caspase cascade. Also, the expression of neural progenitor markers Pax6, Emx2, Otx2, and Pou3f2 was significantly reduced suggesting that gentamicin may adversely affect early embryonic neurogenesis whereas no effect was seen on the expression of endoderm or hepatic markers during differentiation. Our results suggest that the use of antibiotics in cell culture media for the maintenance and differentiation of hESCs needs thorough investigation before use to avoid erroneous results.
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Silva SCT, de Almeida LA, Soares S, Grossi MF, Valente AMS, Tagliati CA. In vitro study of putative genomic biomarkers of nephrotoxicity through differential gene expression using gentamicin. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 27:435-441. [PMID: 28372472 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1313345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is one of the most frequently observed effects in long-term pharmacotherapy. The effects of nephrotoxicity are commonly discovered later due to a lack of sensitivity in in vivo methods. Therefore, researchers have tried to develop in vitro alternative methods for early identification of toxicity. In this study, LLC-PK1 cells were exposed to gentamicin through MTT and trypan blue assay. Concentrations of 4 (low), 8 (medium) and 12 (high) mM, were used to evaluate differential gene expression. A panel of genes was selected based on gene expression changes. The search for sequences of mRNA encoding proteins previously associated with kidney damage was conducted in the databases of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (USA). RNA was extracted from the cells, and RT-qPCR was performed to evaluate differential expression profiles of the selected genes. Among the 11 analyzed genes, four proved to be differentially up-regulated in cells exposed to gentamicin: HAVcr1, caspase 3, ICAM-1 and EXOC6. According to this study's results, we suggest that these genes play an important role in the mechanism of in vitro nephrotoxicity caused by gentamicin and can be used as early in vitro biomarkers to identify nephrotoxicity when developing safer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cristina Teixeira Silva
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental in vitro , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Leonardo Augusto de Almeida
- b Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Laboratório de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas , Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UniFal) , Alfenas , Brazil
| | - Stellamaris Soares
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental in vitro , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Marina Felipe Grossi
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental in vitro , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Anete Maria Santana Valente
- c Departamento de Nutrição , Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF) - Campus Governador Valadares , Governador Valadares , Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Tagliati
- a Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental in vitro , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
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15
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Randjelovic P, Veljkovic S, Stojiljkovic N, Sokolovic D, Ilic I. Gentamicin nephrotoxicity in animals: Current knowledge and future perspectives. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:388-399. [PMID: 28507482 PMCID: PMC5427480 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to high relative blood flow the kidney is prone to drug-induced damage. Aminoglycoside type antibiotic gentamicin is one of the leading cause of drug-induced nephrotoxicity. In recent years gentamicin nephrotoxicity is significantly reduced by shifting to once daily dosage as well as by eliminating known risk factors. Application of gentamicin is still related to serious side effects which are reported more often compared to other antibiotics. Because gentamicin is still heavily used and is highly efficient in treating infections, it is important to find mechanisms to reduce its nephrotoxicity. This aim can only be achieved through better understanding of kidney metabolism of gentamicin. This problem has been extensively researched in the last 20 years. The experimental results have provided evidence for almost complete understanding of mechanisms responsible for gentamicin nephrotoxicity. We now have well described morphological, biochemical and functional changes in kidney due to gentamicin application. During the years, this model has become so popular that now it is used as an experimental model for nephrotoxicity per se. This situation can mislead an ordinary reader of scientific literature that we know everything about it and there is nothing new to discover here. But quite opposite is true. The precise and complete mechanism of gentamicin nephrotoxicity is still point of speculation and an unfinished story. With emerge of new and versatile technics in biomedicine we have an opportunity to reexamine old beliefs and discover new facts. This review focuses on current knowledge in this area and gives some future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavle Randjelovic
- University of Niš, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Niš, Serbia
| | - Slavimir Veljkovic
- University of Niš, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Niš, Serbia
| | - Nenad Stojiljkovic
- University of Niš, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Niš, Serbia
| | - Dušan Sokolovic
- University of Niš, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Niš, Serbia
| | - Ivan Ilic
- University of Niš, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Niš, Serbia
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Khaled I, Ferjani H, Sirotkin AV, Alwasel S, Harrath AH. Impact of oil-related environmental pollutants on the ovary structure in the freshwater leech Erpobdella johanssoni (Johansson, 1927) (Clitellata: Hirudinea). THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2017.1329360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I. Khaled
- Faculty of Science of Tunis, UR11ES12 Biologie de la, Reproduction et du Développement Animal, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
| | - H. Ferjani
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Dental Medicine Faculty, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - A. V. Sirotkin
- Department Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Slovakia
| | - S. Alwasel
- Department of Zoology college of Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. H. Harrath
- Department of Zoology college of Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Denamur S, Boland L, Beyaert M, Verstraeten SL, Fillet M, Tulkens PM, Bontemps F, Mingeot-Leclercq MP. Subcellular mechanisms involved in apoptosis induced by aminoglycoside antibiotics: Insights on p53, proteasome and endoplasmic reticulum. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 309:24-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Adil M, Kandhare AD, Dalvi G, Ghosh P, Venkata S, Raygude KS, Bodhankar SL. Ameliorative effect of berberine against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats via attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Ren Fail 2016; 38:996-1006. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2016.1165120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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19
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Abdelsameea AA, Mohamed AM, Amer MG, Attia SM. Cilostazol attenuates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:247-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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6-gingerol ameliorates gentamicin induced renal cortex oxidative stress and apoptosis in adult male albino rats. Tissue Cell 2016; 48:208-16. [PMID: 27036327 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ginger or Zingiber officinale which is used in traditional medicine has been found to possess antioxidant effect that can control the generation of free radicals. Free radicals are the causes of renal cell degeneration that leads to renal failure in case of gentamicin induced toxicity. This study was done to evaluate the possible protective effects of 6-gingerol as natural antioxidant on gentamicin-induced renal cortical oxidative stress and apoptosis in adult male albino rats. Forty adult male albino rats were used in this study and were randomly divided into four groups, control group; 6-gingerol treated group; gentamicin treated group and protected group (given simultaneous 6-gingerol and gentamicin). At the end of the study, blood samples were drawn for biochemical study. Kidney sections were processed for histological, and immunohistochemical examination for caspase-3 to detect apoptosis and anti heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) to detect oxidative damage. Gentamicin treated rats revealed a highly significant increase in renal function tests, tubular dilatation with marked vacuolar degeneration and desquamation of cells, interstitial hemorrhage and cellular infiltration. Immunohistochemically, gentamicin treated rats showed a strong positive immunoreaction for caspase-3 and anti heat shock protein 47 (HSP47). Protected rats showed more or less normal biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical pictures. In conclusion, co-administration of 6-gingerol during gentamicin 'therapy' has a significant reno-protective effect in a rat model of gentamicin-induced renal damage. It is recommended that administration of ginger with gentamicin might be beneficial in men who receive gentamicin to treat infections.
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Huerta M, Rivnay J, Ramuz M, Hama A, Owens RM. Early Detection of NephrotoxicityIn VitroUsing a Transparent Conducting Polymer Device. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2015.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Huerta
- Department of Bioelectronics, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines, Gardanne, France
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Bioelectronics, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines, Gardanne, France
| | - Marc Ramuz
- Department of Bioelectronics, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines, Gardanne, France
| | - Adel Hama
- Department of Bioelectronics, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines, Gardanne, France
| | - Roisin M. Owens
- Department of Bioelectronics, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines, Gardanne, France
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22
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Boonthai T, Khaopong W, Sangsong J, Nimrat S, Vuthiphandchai V. Effect of antibiotic supplementation on the quality of cryopreserved fish sperm of silver barb ( Barbodes gonionotus ): Sperm motility and viability, bacterial quality and fertilization. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 166:36-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Chen CH, Chen TH, Wu MY, Chen JR, Hong LY, Zheng CM, Chiu IJ, Lin YF, Hsu YH. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Protects Renal Tubular Cells from Gentamicin-Induced Apoptosis via Upregulating Na +/H + Exchanger NHE1. Mol Med 2015; 21:886-889. [PMID: 26623927 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α is a transcription factor that has been reported to inhibit gentamicin-induced apoptosis in renal tubular cells. However, the antiapoptotic mechanism of PPARα is still unknown. In this study, we found that PPARα overexpression induced Na+/H+ exchanger-1 (NHE1) expression in the rat renal tubular cells NRK-52E. Beraprost, a PPARα ligand, also increased NHE1 expression in the renal tubules in normal mice, but not in PPARα knockout mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that two PPARα binding elements were located in the rat NHE1 promoter region. Na+/H+ exchanger activity also increased in the PPARα-overexpressed cells. Flow cytometry showed that the PPARα-overexpressed cells were resistant to apoptosis-induced shrinkage. Cariporide, a selective NHE1 inhibitor, inhibited the antiapoptotic effect of PPARα in the gentamicin-treated cells. The interaction between NHE1 and ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) and between ERM and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the PPARα-overexpressed cells was more than in the control cells. ERM short interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection inhibited the PPARα-induced antiapoptotic effect. PPARα overexpression also increased the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) expression, which is dependent on NHE1 activity. Increased PI3K further increased the phosphorylation of the prosurvival kinase Akt in the PPARα-overexpressed cells. Wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor, inhibited PPARα-induced Akt activity and the antiapoptotic effect. We conclude that PPARα induces NHE1 expression and then recruits ERM to promote PI3K/Akt-mediated cell survival in renal tubular cells. The application of PPARα activation reduces the nephrotoxicity of gentamicin and may expand the clinical use of gentamicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsien Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tso-Hsiao Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yi Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Rung Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Hong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cai-Mei Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Jen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ho Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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24
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Curcumin Attenuates Gentamicin-Induced Kidney Mitochondrial Alterations: Possible Role of a Mitochondrial Biogenesis Mechanism. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:917435. [PMID: 26345660 PMCID: PMC4541007 DOI: 10.1155/2015/917435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that curcumin (CUR), a polyphenol derived from Curcuma longa, exerts a protective effect against gentamicin- (GM-) induced nephrotoxicity in rats, associated with a preservation of the antioxidant status. Although mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark in the GM-induced renal injury, the role of CUR in mitochondrial protection has not been studied. In this work, LLC-PK1 cells were preincubated 24 h with CUR and then coincubated 48 h with CUR and 8 mM GM. Treatment with CUR attenuated GM-induced drop in cell viability and led to an increase in nuclear factor (erythroid-2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear accumulation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) cell expression attenuating GM-induced losses in these proteins. In vivo, Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with GM (75 mg/Kg/12 h) during 7 days to develop kidney mitochondrial alterations. CUR (400 mg/Kg/day) was administered orally 5 days before and during the GM exposure. The GM-induced mitochondrial alterations in ultrastructure and bioenergetics as well as decrease in activities of respiratory complexes I and IV and induction of calcium-dependent permeability transition were mostly attenuated by CUR. Protection of CUR against GM-induced nephrotoxicity could be in part mediated by maintenance of mitochondrial functions and biogenesis with some participation of the nuclear factor Nrf2.
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25
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Akour AA, Kennedy MJ, Gerk PM. The Role of Megalin in the Transport of Gentamicin Across BeWo Cells, an In Vitro Model of the Human Placenta. AAPS JOURNAL 2015; 17:1193-9. [PMID: 25986422 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-015-9778-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aminoglycosides (AG) are known to readily cross the placenta, although the mechanisms responsible for placental transport have not been characterized. Megalin is expressed in human placenta, and it is reasonable to speculate, given its role in renal AG uptake, that it is similarly involved in placental transport. However, the role of megalin in placental AG uptake has not been established. An in vitro model to study megalin-mediated placental transport has also not been previously described. The objectives of this study, therefore, were to evaluate the human choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cell line as a model to study megalin-mediated placental transport and to assess the uptake kinetics of gentamicin, an AG antibiotic, using this in vitro model. BeWo cells were grown on Transwell® plates, and megalin expression and functional activity were assessed. Uptake of (3)H-gentamicin was also evaluated in the presence and absence of megalin inhibitors. Expression of megalin protein and mRNA in BeWo cells were confirmed via immunoblot and qPCR analysis. Uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA) (a megalin substrate) was time-, concentration-, and temperature-dependent consistent with a transporter-mediated process. FITC-BSA uptake was also significantly reduced in the presence of unlabeled gentamicin (a megalin substrate) and sodium maleate (to induce megalin shedding) suggesting that megalin is functionally active in BeWo cells. Gentamicin uptake exhibited time and temperature dependence, saturability and Michaelis-Menten kinetics, all of which suggest a transporter-mediated process. Gentamicin uptake was also significantly reduced in the presence of the megalin inhibitors RAP and EDTA suggesting that megalin is likely involved in gentamicin uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A Akour
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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26
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Yamamoto S, Wakui H, Kubota H, Komatsuda A, Itoh H, Yokota SI. Aminoglycosides Suppress the Protein Folding Activity of the Molecular Chaperone HSC70: Implication of a Structure-Activity Relationship. Chemotherapy 2014; 60:37-46. [DOI: 10.1159/000365880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Long M, Li SX, Xiao JF, Wang J, Lozanoff S, Zhang ZG, Luft BJ, Johnson F. Kidney tubular-cell secretion of osteoblast growth factor is increased by kaempferol: a scientific basis for "the kidney controlling the bone" theory of Chinese medicine. Chin J Integr Med 2014; 20:675-81. [PMID: 25012631 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-1336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study, at the cytological level, the basic concept of Chinese medicine that "the Kidney (Shen) controls the bone". METHODS Kaempferol was isolated form Rhizoma Drynariae (Gu Sui Bu, GSB) and at several concentrations was incubated with opossum kidney (OK) cells, osteoblasts (MC3T3 E1) and human fibroblasts (HF) at cell concentrations of 2×10(4)/mL. Opossum kidney cell-conditioned culture media with kaempferol at 70 nmol/L (70kaeOKM) and without kaempferol (0OKM) were used to stimulate MC3T3 E1 and HF proliferation. The bone morphological protein receptors I and II (BMPR I and II) in OK cells were identified by immune-fluorescence staining and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Kaempferol was found to increase OK cell growth (P<0.05), but alone did not promote MC3T3 E1 or HF cell proliferation. However, although OKM by itself increased MC3T3 E1 growth by 198% (P<0.01), the 70kaeOKM further increased the growth of these cells by an additional 127% (P<0.01). It indicates that the kidney cell generates a previously unknown osteoblast growth factor (OGF) and kaempferol increases kidney cell secretion of OGF. Neither of these media had any significant effect on HF growth. Kaempferol also was found to increase the level of the BMPR II in OK cells. CONCLUSIONS This lends strong support to the original idea that the Kidney has a significant influence over bone-formation, as suggested by some long-standing Chinese medical beliefs, kaempferol may also serve to stimulate kidney repair and indirectly stimulate bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Long
- Department of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa. John A, Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, 96813, USA,
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Nagai J, Takano M. Entry of aminoglycosides into renal tubular epithelial cells via endocytosis-dependent and endocytosis-independent pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 90:331-7. [PMID: 24881578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aminoglycoside antibiotics such as gentamicin and amikacin are well recognized as a clinically important antibiotic class because of their reliable efficacy and low cost. However, the clinical use of aminoglycosides is limited by their nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Nephrotoxicity is induced mainly due to high accumulation of the antibiotics in renal proximal tubular cells. Therefore, a lot of studies on characterization of the renal transport system for aminoglycosides so far reported involved various in-vivo and in-vitro techniques. Early studies revealed that aminoglycosides are taken up through adsorptive endocytosis in renal epithelial cells. Subsequently, it was found that megalin, a multiligand endocytic receptor abundantly expressed on the apical side of renal proximal tubular cells, can bind aminoglycosides and that megalin-mediated endocytosis plays a crucial role in renal accumulation of aminoglycosides. Therefore, megalin has been suggested to be a promising molecular target for the prevention of aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity. On the other hand, recently, some reports have indicated that aminoglycosides are transported via a pathway that does not require endocytosis, such as non-selective cation channel-mediated entry, in cultured renal tubular cells as well as cochlear outer hair cells. In this commentary article, we review the cellular transport of aminoglycosides in renal epithelial cells, focusing on endocytosis-dependent and -independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Nagai
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Mikihisa Takano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
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29
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Hsu YH, Chen TH, Chen YC, Cheng CY, Sue YM, Chen JR, Chen CH. Urotensin II exerts antiapoptotic effect on NRK-52E cells through prostacyclin-mediated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and Akt activation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 381:168-74. [PMID: 23933501 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Urotensin II (UII) is a cyclic vasoactive peptide which is mainly expressed in kidneys. Although elevated plasma UII levels are associated with renal impairment, the influence of UII on renal injury is unclear. In this study, we monitored the influence of UII on gentamicin-induced apoptosis in rat tubular cells (NRK-52E). We found that UII significantly reduced gentamicin-induced apoptosis and apoptotic signals. Blocking endogenous UII secretion caused cells to be more susceptible to gentamicin. In gentamicin-treated mice, UII also expressed protective effect on renal tubular cells. UII was also found to induce prostacyclin (PGI2) production, which caused peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) activation as revealed by both PGI2 synthase siRNA transfection and piroxicam treatment. Blockage of PPARα by siRNA transfection inhibited UII-induced Akt phosphorylation and the antiapoptotic effect of UII. Our results suggest that UII can protect renal tubular cells from gentamicin-induced apoptosis through PGI2-mediated PPARα and Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Ho Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Hsu YH, Chen TH, Wu MY, Lin YF, Chen WL, Cheng TH, Chen CH. Protective effects of Zhibai Dihuang Wan on renal tubular cells affected with gentamicin-induced apoptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 151:635-642. [PMID: 24269250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zhibai Dihuang Wan (ZDW) is an ancient traditional Chinese medicine composed of eight herbal ingredients and has been used to treat chronic kidney inflammation and diabetes for thousands of years. Nonetheless, the influence of ZDW on acute kidney injury is still unknown. We intended to identify the influence of ZDW on cell growth and gentamicin-induced apoptotic injury in renal tubular cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We extracted ZDW with artificial intestinal fluid and treated rat renal tubular cells (NRK-52E) with various concentrations of the ZDW extraction. Cell proliferation and gentamicin-induced apoptosis of NRK-52E cells were evaluated using real-time proliferation monitoring and annexin V staining, respectively. Western blotting was used to evaluate the levels of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression. The effect of ZDW on gentamicin-induced kidney injury was also monitored in mice using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and the measurement of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. RESULTS We found that 30 μg/ml of ZDW promoted cell proliferation of the rat renal tubular cells. ZDW also expressed a dose-dependent protective effect against gentamicin-induced apoptosis in the cells. Pretreatment with 3 μg/ml or 30 μg/ml of ZDW maximally increased Bcl-2 and decreased cleaved caspase-3 in the gentamicin-treated NRK-52E cells. Among the herbal ingredients of ZDW, only Phellodendron amurense Rupr., bark (Cortex Phellodendri), and Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, rhizome inhibited both the gentamicin-induced Bcl-2 decrease and cleaved caspase-3 increase. Phellodendron amurense Rupr., bark and Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, rhizome also inhibited gentamicin-induced apoptosis at particular concentrations; however, these two ingredients were less effective than ZDW. In the mouse model of gentamicin-induced nephropathy, the ZDW treatment significantly reduced apoptotic cells in the renal cortex and improved renal function. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that ZDW at adequate doses attenuates gentamicin-induced apoptotic injury in renal tubular cells and also protects kidneys from gentamicin-induced injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Ho Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tso-Hsiao Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Yi Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Liang Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzu-Hurng Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Hsien Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Perigolo de Oliveira M, Constant JF, Peuchmaur M, Pitta I, Décout JL. Antibiotic drugs aminoglycosides cleave DNA at abasic sites: shedding new light on their toxicity? Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:1710-9. [PMID: 24127848 DOI: 10.1021/tx4002836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Abasic sites are probably the most common lesions in DNA resulting from the hydrolytic cleavage of glycosidic bonds that can occur spontaneously and through DNA alkylation by anticancer agents, by radiotherapy, and during the repair processes of damaged nucleic bases. If not repaired, the abasic site can be mutagenic or lethal. Thus, compounds able to specifically bind and react at abasic sites have attracted much attention for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Here, we report on the efficient cleavage activity of characteristic antibiotic drugs of the major aminoglycosides (AG) family at abasic sites introduced either by depurination in a plasmidic DNA or site specifically in a synthetic oligonucleotide. Among the antibiotic AG drugs selected for this study, neomycin B is the most efficient (a 0.1 μM concentration induces 50% cleavage of an abasic site containing DNA). This cleavage activity could be related to aminoglycoside toxicity but also find medicinal applications through potentiation of cancer radiotherapy and chemotherapy with alkylating drugs. In the search for antibiotic and antiviral agents, we have previously described the synthesis of derivatives of the small aminoglycoside neamine, which corresponds to rings I and II of neomycin B constituted of four rings. The cleavage activity at abasic sites of four of these neamine derivatives is also reported in the present study. One of them appeared to be much more active than the parent compound neamine with cleavage efficiency close to that of neomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maralise Perigolo de Oliveira
- UMR 5063, Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, ICMG FR 2607, Université de Grenoble I/CNRS , 470 rue de la Chimie, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble, France
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França FD, Ferreira AF, Lara RC, Rossoni JV, Costa DC, Moraes KCM, Tagliati CA, Chaves MM. Alteration in cellular viability, pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide production in nephrotoxicity generation by Amphotericin B: involvement of PKA pathway signaling. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:1285-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. D. França
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 30161-970 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - A. F. Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 30161-970 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - R. C. Lara
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 30161-970 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - J. V. Rossoni
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Moro do Cruzeiro 35400-000 Ouro Preto MG Brasil
| | - D. C. Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Moro do Cruzeiro 35400-000 Ouro Preto MG Brasil
| | - K. C. M. Moraes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista ’Júlio de Mesquita Filho‘; Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia; Av 24-A 1515 13506-900 Rio Claro SP Brasil
| | - C. A. Tagliati
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas; Faculdade de Farmácia Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - M. M. Chaves
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 30161-970 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
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Sulforaphane attenuates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity: role of mitochondrial protection. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:135314. [PMID: 23662110 PMCID: PMC3638608 DOI: 10.1155/2013/135314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate naturally occurring in Cruciferae, induces cytoprotection in several tissues. Its protective effect has been associated with its ability to induce cytoprotective enzymes through an Nrf2-dependent pathway. Gentamicin (GM) is a widely used antibiotic; nephrotoxicity is the main side effect of this compound. In this study, it was investigated if SFN is able to induce protection against GM-induced nephropathy both in renal epithelial LLC-PK1 cells in culture and in rats. SFN prevented GM-induced death and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in LLC-PK1 cells. In addition, it attenuated GM-induced renal injury (proteinuria, increases in serum creatinine, in blood urea nitrogen, and in urinary excretion on N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, and decrease in creatinine clearance and in plasma glutathione peroxidase activity) and necrosis and apoptosis in rats. The apoptotic death was associated with enhanced active caspase-9. Caspase-8 was unchanged in all the studied groups. In addition, SFN was able to prevent GM-induced protein nitration and decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase in renal cortex. In conclusion, the protective effect of SFN against GM-induced acute kidney injury could be associated with the preservation in mitochondrial function that would prevent the intrinsic apoptosis and nitrosative stress.
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Bioengineered 3D human kidney tissue, a platform for the determination of nephrotoxicity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59219. [PMID: 23516613 PMCID: PMC3597621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The staggering cost of bringing a drug to market coupled with the extremely high failure rate of prospective compounds in early phase clinical trials due to unexpected human toxicity makes it imperative that more relevant human models be developed to better predict drug toxicity. Drug–induced nephrotoxicity remains especially difficult to predict in both pre-clinical and clinical settings and is often undetected until patient hospitalization. Current pre-clinical methods of determining renal toxicity include 2D cell cultures and animal models, both of which are incapable of fully recapitulating the in vivo human response to drugs, contributing to the high failure rate upon clinical trials. We have bioengineered a 3D kidney tissue model using immortalized human renal cortical epithelial cells with kidney functions similar to that found in vivo. These 3D tissues were compared to 2D cells in terms of both acute (3 days) and chronic (2 weeks) toxicity induced by Cisplatin, Gentamicin, and Doxorubicin using both traditional LDH secretion and the pre-clinical biomarkers Kim-1 and NGAL as assessments of toxicity. The 3D tissues were more sensitive to drug-induced toxicity and, unlike the 2D cells, were capable of being used to monitor chronic toxicity due to repeat dosing. The inclusion of this tissue model in drug testing prior to the initiation of phase I clinical trials would allow for better prediction of the nephrotoxic effects of new drugs.
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Otunctemur A, Ozbek E, Cekmen M, Cakir SS, Dursun M, Polat EC, Somay A, Ozbay N. Protective effect of montelukast which is cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor antagonist on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage in rat kidney. Ren Fail 2013; 35:403-10. [PMID: 23342977 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2012.761040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is a major complication of gentamicin (GEN). We aimed to evaluate the potential protective effect of montelukast (MK) against GEN-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups, each consisting of eight animals as follows: (1) the rats were control; (2) intraperitoneally injected with GEN 14 consecutive days (100 mg/kg/day); (3) treated with GEN plus distilled water via nasogastric gavage for 14 days; and (4) treated with GEN plus MK (10 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. After 15 days, rats were killed and their kidneys were taken and blood analysis was performed. Twenty-four hours urine collections were obtained in standard metabolic cages a day before the rats were killed. Tubular necrosis and interstitial fibrosis scoring were determined histopathologically in a part of kidneys; nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were determined in the other part of kidneys. Statistical analyses were made by the chi-square test and analysis of variance. Serum urea and creatinine levels were significantly higher in rats treated with GEN alone, than the rats in control and GEN + MK groups.The GSH levels in renal tissue of only GEN-treated rats were significantly lower than those in control group, and administration of MK to GEN-treated rats significantly increased the level of GSH. The group that was given GEN and MK had significantly lower MDA and NO levels in kidney cortex tissue than those that was given GEN alone. In rats treated with GEN + MK, despite the presence of mild tubular degeneration and tubular necrosis are less severe, and glomeruli maintained a better morphology when compared with GEN group. We can say that MK prevents kidney damage with antioxidant effect, independently of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Otunctemur
- Department of Urology, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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36
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Combination therapy for treatment of infections with gram-negative bacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev 2012; 25:450-70. [PMID: 22763634 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.05041-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 538] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination antibiotic therapy for invasive infections with Gram-negative bacteria is employed in many health care facilities, especially for certain subgroups of patients, including those with neutropenia, those with infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, those with ventilator-associated pneumonia, and the severely ill. An argument can be made for empiric combination therapy, as we are witnessing a rise in infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms. The wisdom of continued combination therapy after an organism is isolated and antimicrobial susceptibility data are known, however, is more controversial. The available evidence suggests that the greatest benefit of combination antibiotic therapy stems from the increased likelihood of choosing an effective agent during empiric therapy, rather than exploitation of in vitro synergy or the prevention of resistance during definitive treatment. In this review, we summarize the available data comparing monotherapy versus combination antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of infections with Gram-negative bacteria.
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37
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Mingeot-Leclercq MP, Tulkens PM, Denamur S, Vaara T, Vaara M. Novel polymyxin derivatives are less cytotoxic than polymyxin B to renal proximal tubular cells. Peptides 2012; 35:248-52. [PMID: 22504013 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of very multiresistant Gram-negative bacterial strains has reinstated polymyxins (polymyxin B, colistin), pentacationic lipopeptides, in the therapy, in spite of their nephrotoxicity. Extensive tubular reabsorption concentrates polymyxin in proximal tubular cells. The novel polymyxin derivatives NAB739, NAB7061 and NAB741 have their cyclic part identical to that of polymyxin B, but their side chain consists of uncharged octanoyl-threonyl-d-serinyl, octanoyl-threonyl-aminobutyryl, and acetyl-threonyl-D-serinyl respectively. In this study, we compared the toxicities of NAB739, NAB7061 and NAB741 with that of polymyxin B by using the porcine renal proximal tubular cell line LLC-PK1 electroporated or incubated with the selected compound. Both the ability to cause cell necrosis (quantified as the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase) and the ability to cause apoptosis (as quantified by counting apoptotic nuclei) were assessed. In electroporated cells, polymyxin B induced total (>85%) necrosis of the cells at 0.016 mM, whereas an approx. 8-fold concentration of NAB739 and NAB7961 and an approx. 32-fold concentration of NAB741 was required for the same effect. In cells treated without electroporation (incubated), polymyxin B elicited a marked degree (approx. 50%) of necrosis at 0.5mM, whereas the NAB compounds were inert even at 1mM. Neither polymyxin B nor the NAB compounds induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Paule Mingeot-Leclercq
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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38
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Gong X, Celsi G, Carlsson K, Norgren S. Protective Effects ofN-Acetylcysteine Amide (NACA) on Gentamicin-Induced Apoptosis in LLC-PK1 Cells. Ren Fail 2012; 34:487-94. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2012.655684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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39
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Protective effect of Panax ginseng against serum biochemical changes and apoptosis in kidney of rats treated with gentamicin sulphate. J Mol Histol 2012; 43:603-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-012-9412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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40
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Stojiljkovic N, Stoiljkovic M, Mihailovic D, Randjelovic P, Ilic S, Gocmanac-Ignjatovic M, Veljkovic M. Beneficial Effects of Calcium Oral Coadministration in Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats. Ren Fail 2012; 34:622-7. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2012.664809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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41
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Denamur S, Tyteca D, Marchand-Brynaert J, Van Bambeke F, Tulkens PM, Courtoy PJ, Mingeot-Leclercq MP. Role of oxidative stress in lysosomal membrane permeabilization and apoptosis induced by gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1656-65. [PMID: 21835240 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat severe bacterial infections, may cause acute renal failure. At therapeutic concentrations, gentamicin accumulates in lysosomes and induces apoptosis in kidney proximal tubular cells. In gentamicin-treated renal LLC-PK1 cells, acridine orange release from lysosomes, previously interpreted as lysosomal membrane permeabilization, precedes the apoptotic cascade that develops during incubation with gentamicin. However, the link between gentamicin lysosomal accumulation and apoptosis remains unclear. We here examined if reactive oxygen species (ROS) production could account for gentamicin-induced acridine orange release and apoptosis, and the implication of iron in these events. We found that gentamicin induced ROS production prior to, and at lower drug concentrations than required for, acridine orange release and apoptosis. ROS antioxidant or scavenger, catalase, and N-acetylcysteine largely prevented these events. Vital confocal imaging revealed that gentamicin-induced ROS production occurs in lysosomes. Deferoxamine, an iron chelator, which is endocytosed and accumulates in lysosomes, largely prevented gentamicin-induced ROS production as well as apoptosis. Direct evidence for gentamicin-induced permeabilization of lysosomal membrane was provided by showing the release into the cytosol of Lucifer yellow, a membrane-impermeant endocytic tracer with a comparable molecular weight as gentamicin. Altogether, our data demonstrate a key role of lysosomal iron and early ROS production in gentamicin-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Denamur
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, UCL B1.73.05, avenue E. Mounier 73, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
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42
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Tagliati CA, Romero D, Dutra ECR, Hernández-García A, Martínez-López E, García-Fernández AJ. A comparison of BGM and LLC-PK1 cells for the evaluation of nephrotoxicity. Drug Chem Toxicol 2011; 35:258-63. [PMID: 21939361 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2011.598532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is one of the most frequent effects observed after the use of medicine. Such situations have been tardily discovered because of existing methods to determine toxicity. The validation of sensitive, alternative methods for the early identification of toxic effects is as important as restrictions on the use of animals. In this light, the present study evaluated the effects of gentamicin on BGM and LLC-PK1 cells, using MTT and Neutral Red (NR). Although the LLC-PK1 cell line is used for toxicological studies, the BGM cell line is relatively new for this purpose. MTT (BGM: EC(50) = 6.29 mM; LLC-PK1: EC(50) = 8.01 mM) was found to be more sensitive than NR (EC(50) was greater than 10 mM for both cells). By using MTT, both cells demonstrated the involvement of mitochondria in a manner that was dose dependent, with an apoptotic process occurring at the concentrations of 1 and 3 mM and necrosis at concentrations above 4 mM. It could, therefore, be concluded that 1) BGM appears to be useful in the study of the mechanism of nephrotoxicity caused by gentamicin and 2) because of its sensitivity to MTT, in addition to its ease of manipulation, it is believed that the BGM cell line can also be used as an alternative method to evaluate nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Tagliati
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas da Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
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43
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Chen YC, Chen CH, Hsu YH, Chen TH, Sue YM, Cheng CY, Chen TW. Leptin reduces gentamicin-induced apoptosis in rat renal tubular cells via the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 658:213-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lopez-Novoa JM, Quiros Y, Vicente L, Morales AI, Lopez-Hernandez FJ. New insights into the mechanism of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity: an integrative point of view. Kidney Int 2010; 79:33-45. [PMID: 20861826 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2010.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is one of the most important side effects and therapeutical limitations of aminoglycoside antibiotics, especially gentamicin. Despite rigorous patient monitoring, nephrotoxicity appears in 10-25% of therapeutic courses. Traditionally, aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity has been considered to result mainly from tubular damage. Both lethal and sub-lethal alterations in tubular cells handicap reabsorption and, in severe cases, may lead to a significant tubular obstruction. However, a reduced glomerular filtration is necessary to explain the symptoms of the disease. Reduced filtration is not solely the result of tubular obstruction and tubular malfunction, resulting in tubuloglomerular feedback activation; renal vasoconstriction and mesangial contraction are also crucial to fully explain aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity. This review critically presents an integrative view on the interactions of tubular, glomerular, and vascular effects of gentamicin, in the context of the most recent information available. Moreover, it discusses therapeutic perspectives for prevention of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity derived from the pathophysiological knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Lopez-Novoa
- Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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46
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Quiros Y, Vicente-Vicente L, Morales AI, Lopez-Novoa JM, Lopez-Hernandez FJ. An Integrative Overview on the Mechanisms Underlying the Renal Tubular Cytotoxicity of Gentamicin. Toxicol Sci 2010; 119:245-56. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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47
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Bekheet SHM, Stahlmann R. Disruption of gap junctional intercellular communication by antibiotic gentamicin is associated with aberrant localization of occludin, N-cadherin, connexin 43, and vimentin in SerW3 Sertoli cells in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2009; 28:155-160. [PMID: 21783997 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a very complex process by which male germ cells differentiate into mature spermatozoa. The sophisticated communication network that controls spermatogenesis can be derailed so that dysfunction of one cell type propagates to all types as a cascade. This accounts for the particular vulnerability of the testis to environmental factors such as drugs and xenobiotics. Sertoli cells play an important role in protecting developing germ cells by forming a physiological barrier, limiting exposure to potentially toxic substrates, or conversely, facilitating uptake of xenobiotics within the testis. In this study, cells from the rat Sertoli line (SerW3) were incubated for 3, 6 and 9 subsequent days in serum free DMEM (SFDM) composed of DMEM supplemented with three different concentrations of antibiotic gentamicin (10, 30, and 100 μg). The effect of the three different concentrations of this antibiotic was determined on Sertoli cell-cell interaction through impaired expression of their constitutive tight junction proteins as early targets for different toxicants in vitro by immunochemistry analysis. The Sertoli SerW3 cell line illustrated the cytotoxicity of GS, as the intercellular junction proteins such as occludin, N-cadherin, connexin 43, and vimentin were delocalized from the membrane to the cytoplasmic compartment during exposure to the antibiotic. This study underlines the potential deleterious effects of the routine use of antibiotics during continuous cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad H M Bekheet
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Aswan, Egypt.
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48
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Ozaki N, Matheis KA, Gamber M, Feidl T, Nolte T, Kalkuhl A, Deschl U. Identification of genes involved in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats--a toxicogenomic investigation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 62:555-66. [PMID: 19664912 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
For the application of microarray technology as an additional endpoint in toxicological studies, there is a need to understand associations between pathological processes and gene expression alterations. In the current study, we investigated gentamicin as a nephrotoxic model compound. Gene expression changes of the kidney in response to a dose of 80 mg/kg gentamicin were analyzed by using DNA microarray technology and alterations in gene expression were associated with results from conventional histopathological investigations and with the described pathomechanisms of gentamicin. Under the conditions of our experiment, the mRNA level of 211 genes were found to be deregulated by gentamicin. The gentamicin-induced affection of proximal convoluted tubules was associated with a strong up-regulation of mRNAs encoding for proteins which are used as nephrotoxicity markers in urine and plasma such as Kim-1, Osteopontin and TIMP1. Candidate marker genes for nephrotoxicity such as GATM were deregulated. Gentamicin-induced lysosomal phospholipidosis was indicated by deregulation of lysosomal located gene products such as ATP6V1D, a subunit of the lysosomal H+ transporting ATPase. Effects on glucose transport and metabolism were indicated by the down-regulation on SGLT-2 and glucose-6-phosphatase. Renal cell apoptosis was indicated by up-regulated genes as TP53 and BAX. The role of oxidative stress in gentamicin toxicity was reflected by deregulation of transferrin receptor and heme oxygenase. The results of the study show the potential of microarray technology to study a complex mechanism of toxicity in a single study.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ozaki
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Kobe Pharma Research Institute, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd. 6-7-5, Minatojima-Minamimachi Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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Chen HH, Sue YM, Chen CH, Hsu YH, Hou CC, Cheng CY, Lin SL, Tsai WL, Chen TW, Chen TH. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha plays a crucial role in L-carnitine anti-apoptosis effect in renal tubular cells. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24:3042-9. [PMID: 19491382 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-carnitine is synthesized mainly in the liver and kidneys from lysine and methionine from dietary sources. Many reports have shown that L-carnitine can protect certain cells against the toxicity of several anticancer and toxic agents, although the detailed mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of L-carnitine and its molecular mechanism in renal tubular cells undergoing gentamicin-induced apoptosis. METHODS Rat tubular cell line (NRK-52E) and mice were used as the model system. Gentamicin-induced apoptosis in renal tubular cells was examined using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labelling. We introduced short interfering RNA transfection and gene-deficient mice to investigate the protective mechanism of L-carnitine. RESULTS We found that L-carnitine inhibited gentamicin-induced reactive oxygen species generation and correlative apoptotic pathways, resulting in the protection of NRK-52E cells from gentamicin-induced apoptosis. The treatment of L-carnitine also lessened gentamicin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis in mice. L-carnitine was found to increase the prostacyclin (PGI(2)) generation in NRK-52E cells. The siRNA transfection for PGI(2) synthase significantly reduced L-carnitine-induced PGI(2) and L-carnitine's protective effect. We found that the activity of the potential PGI(2) nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), was elevated by L-carnitine treatment. The siRNA-mediated blockage of PPARalpha considerably reduced the anti-apoptotic effect of L-carnitine. In PPARalpha-deficient mice, L-carnitine treatment also lost the inhibitory effect on gentamicin-induced apoptosis in kidneys. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, we suggest that L-carnitine protects renal tubular cells from gentamicin-induced apoptosis through PGI(2)-mediated PPARalpha activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Hsien Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Sue YM, Cheng CF, Chang CC, Chou Y, Chen CH, Juan SH. Antioxidation and anti-inflammation by haem oxygenase-1 contribute to protection by tetramethylpyrazine against gentamicin-induced apoptosis in murine renal tubular cells. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 24:769-77. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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