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Thota V, Puddu V, Perry CC. Phage Display Panning on Silica: Optimization of Elution Conditions for Selection of Strong Binders. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40. [PMID: 39014914 PMCID: PMC11295192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Phage display panning is a powerful tool to select strong peptide binders to a given target, and when applied to inorganic materials (e.g., silica) as a target, it provides information on binding events and molecular recognition at the peptide-mineral interface. The panning process has limitations with the phage chemical elution being affected by bias toward positively charged binders, resulting in the potential loss of information on binder diversity; the presence of fast growing phages with an intrinsic growth advantage; and the presence of false positives from target unrelated peptides. To overcome some of these limitations, we developed a panning approach based on the sequential use of different eluents (Gly-HCl, pH-2.2; MgCl2, pH-6.1; and TEA, pH-11.0), or pH conditions (Gly-HCl 2.2 < pH < 11.0) that allows the identification of a diverse and comprehensive pool of strong binders. We have assessed and tested the authenticity of the identified silica binders via a complementary experimental (in vivo phage recovery rates and TEM imaging) and bioinformatics approach. We provide experimental evidence of the nonspecificity of the Gly-HCl eluent as typically used. Using a fluorimetric assay, we investigate in vitro binding of two peptides that differ by pI-S4 (HYIDFRW, pI 7.80) and S5 (YSLKQYQ, pI 9.44)─modified at the C terminal with an amide group to simulate net charges in the phage display system, confirming the vital role of electrostatic interactions as driving binding forces in the phage panning process. The presented optimized phage panning approach provides an opportunity to match known surface interactions at play with suitable elution conditions; to select only sequences relevant to a particular interfacial system. The approach has the potential to open up avenues to design interfacial systems to advance our understanding of peptide-assisted mineral growth, among other possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeranjaneyulu Thota
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research
Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, U.K.
| | - Valeria Puddu
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research
Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, U.K.
| | - Carole C. Perry
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research
Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, U.K.
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2
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Szot-Karpińska K, Kudła P, Orzeł U, Narajczyk M, Jönsson-Niedziółka M, Pałys B, Filipek S, Ebner A, Niedziółka-Jönsson J. Investigation of Peptides for Molecular Recognition of C-Reactive Protein-Theoretical and Experimental Studies. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14475-14483. [PMID: 37695838 PMCID: PMC10535004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the interactions between C-reactive protein (CRP) and new CRP-binding peptide materials using experimental (biological and physicochemical) methods with the support of theoretical simulations (computational modeling analysis). Three specific CRP-binding peptides (P2, P3, and P9) derived from an M13 bacteriophage have been identified using phage-display technology. The binding efficiency of the peptides exposed on phages toward the CRP protein was demonstrated via biological methods. Fibers of the selected phages/peptides interact differently due to different compositions of amino acid sequences on the exposed peptides, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Numerical and experimental studies consistently showed that the P3 peptide is the best CRP binder. A combination of theoretical and experimental methods demonstrates that identifying the best binder can be performed simply, cheaply, and fast. Such an approach has not been reported previously for peptide screening and demonstrates a new trend in science where calculations can replace or support laborious experimental techniques. Finally, the best CRP binder─the P3 peptide─was used for CRP recognition on silicate-modified indium tin oxide-coated glass electrodes. The obtained electrodes exhibit a wide range of operation (1.0-100 μg mL-1) with a detection limit (LOD = 3σ/S) of 0.34 μg mL-1. Moreover, the dissociation constant Kd of 4.2 ± 0.144 μg mL-1 (35 ± 1.2 nM) was evaluated from the change in the current. The selectivity of the obtained electrode was demonstrated in the presence of three interfering proteins. These results prove that the presented P3 peptide is a potential candidate as a receptor for CRP, which can replace specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szot-Karpińska
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Kudła
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Orzeł
- Biological
and Chemical Research Centre, University
of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Narajczyk
- Department
of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Barbara Pałys
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Filipek
- Biological
and Chemical Research Centre, University
of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andreas Ebner
- Institute
of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020 Linz, Austria
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3
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Konakbayeva D, Karlsson AJ. Strategies and opportunities for engineering antifungal peptides for therapeutic applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 81:102926. [PMID: 37028003 PMCID: PMC10229436 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Antifungal peptides (AFPs) are widely described as promising prospects to treat and prevent fungal infections, though they are far less studied than their antibacterial counterparts. Although promising, AFPs have practical limitations that have hindered their use as therapeutics. Rational design and combinatorial engineering are powerful protein engineering strategies with much potential to address the limitations of AFPs by designing peptides with improved physiochemical and biological characteristics. We examine how rational design and combinatorial engineering approaches have already been used to improve the properties of AFPs and propose key opportunities for applying these strategies to push the design and application of AFPs forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinara Konakbayeva
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, 2113 Chemical and Nuclear Engineering Building (#090), 4418 Stadium Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Amy J Karlsson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, 2113 Chemical and Nuclear Engineering Building (#090), 4418 Stadium Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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4
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Allemailem KS. Innovative Approaches of Engineering Tumor-Targeting Bacteria with Different Therapeutic Payloads to Fight Cancer: A Smart Strategy of Disease Management. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:8159-8184. [PMID: 34938075 PMCID: PMC8687692 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s338272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional therapies for cancer eradication like surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, even though most widely used, still suffer from some disappointing outcomes. The limitations of these therapies during cancer recurrence and metastasis demonstrate the need for better alternatives. Some bacteria preferentially colonize and proliferate inside tumor mass; thus these bacteria can be used as ideal candidates to deliver antitumor therapeutic agents. The bacteria like Bacillus spp., Clostridium spp., E. coli, Listeria spp., and Salmonella spp. can be reprogrammed to produce, transport, and deliver anticancer agents, eg, cytotoxic agents, prodrug converting enzymes, immunomodulators, tumor stroma targeting agents, siRNA, and drug-loaded nanoformulations based on clinical requirements. In addition, these bacteria can be genetically modified to express various functional proteins and targeting ligands that can enhance the targeting approach and controlled drug-delivery. Low tumor-targeting and weak penetration power deep inside the tumor mass limits the use of anticancer drug-nanoformulations. By using anticancer drug nanoformulations and other therapeutic payloads in combination with antitumor bacteria, it makes a synergistic effect against cancer by overcoming the individual limitations. The tumor-targeting bacteria can be either used as a monotherapy or in addition with other anticancer therapies like photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and magnetic field therapy to accomplish better clinical outcomes. The toxicity issues on normal tissues is the main concern regarding the use of engineered antitumor bacteria, which requires deeper research. In this article, the mechanism by which bacteria sense tumor microenvironment, role of some anticancer agents, and the recent advancement of engineering bacteria with different therapeutic payloads to combat cancers has been reviewed. In addition, future prospective and some clinical trials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Sachin K, Karn SK. Microbial Fabricated Nanosystems: Applications in Drug Delivery and Targeting. Front Chem 2021; 9:617353. [PMID: 33959586 PMCID: PMC8093762 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.617353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of nanosystems for different biomedical and drug delivery applications has drawn the attention of researchers worldwide. The likeness of microorganisms including bacteria, yeast, algae, fungi, and even viruses toward metals is well-known. Higher tolerance to toxic metals has opened up new avenues of designing microbial fabricated nanomaterials. Their synthesis, characterization and applications in bioremediation, biomineralization, and as a chelating agent has been well-documented and reviewed. Further, these materials, due to their ability to get functionalized, can also be used as theranostics i.e., both therapeutic as well as diagnostic agents in a single unit. Current article attempts to focus particularly on the application of such microbially derived nanoformulations as a drug delivery and targeting agent. Besides metal-based nanoparticles, there is enough evidence wherein nanoparticles have been formulated using only the organic component of microorganisms. Enzymes, peptides, polysaccharides, polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), poly-(amino acids) are amongst the most used biomolecules for guiding crystal growth and as a capping/reducing agent in the fabrication of nanoparticles. This has promulgated the idea of complete green chemistry biosynthesis of nano-organics that are most sought after in terms of their biocompatibility and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Sachin
- Department of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Karn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun, India
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6
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Li J, Shang L, Lan J, Chou S, Feng X, Shi B, Wang J, Lyu Y, Shan A. Targeted and Intracellular Antibacterial Activity against S. agalactiae of the Chimeric Peptides Based on Pheromone and Cell-Penetrating Peptides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:44459-44474. [PMID: 32924418 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The significance of the complex bacterial ecosystem in the human body and the impediment of the mammalian membrane against many antibiotics together emphasize the necessity to develop antimicrobial agents with precise antimicrobial and cell-penetrating activities. A simple and feasible method for generating dual-function antimicrobial peptides inspired by highly hydrophobic peptide pheromone and cationic cell-penetrating peptides is presented. Furthermore, the extension of the peptide candidate library is achieved by modifying the charged domain. The bacteria-selective peptides L1, L2, L10, and L11 kill Streptococcus agalactiae by disrupting the membrane structure, and the targeted mechanism is suggested where the peptides offset the entrapment of S. agalactiae rather than of other bacteria. Moreover, L2 and L10 possess intracellular antibacterial activity and carrier property, which is mainly dependent on endocytosis. Given their suitable biocompatibility, high tolerance, no drug resistance, and effective antimicrobial capacity in a mouse mastitis model, L2 and L10 can be powerful weapons against S. agalactiae pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Lu Shang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Jing Lan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Shuli Chou
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Xingjun Feng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Baoming Shi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Yinfeng Lyu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
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7
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't Hart P, Wood TM, Tehrani KHME, van Harten RM, Śleszyńska M, Rentero Rebollo I, Hendrickx APA, Willems RJL, Breukink E, Martin NI. De novo identification of lipid II binding lipopeptides with antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant bacteria. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7991-7997. [PMID: 29568446 PMCID: PMC5853558 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03413j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid II binding lipopeptides discovered via bicyclic peptide phage display exhibit promising antibacterial activity.
Creative strategies for identifying new antibiotics are essential to addressing the looming threat of a post-antibiotic era. We here report the use of a targeted peptide phage display screen as a means of generating novel antimicrobial lipopeptides. Specifically, a library of phage displayed bicyclic peptides was screened against a biomolecular target based on the bacterial cell wall precursor lipid II. In doing so we identified unique lipid II binding peptides that upon lipidation were found to be active against a range of Gram-positive bacteria including clinically relevant strains of vancomycin resistant bacteria. Optimization of the peptide sequence led to variants with enhanced antibacterial activity and reduced hemolytic activity. Biochemical experiments further confirm a lipid II mediated mode of action for these new-to-nature antibacterial lipopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter 't Hart
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99 , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands .
| | - Thomas M Wood
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99 , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands .
| | - Kamaleddin Haj Mohammad Ebrahim Tehrani
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99 , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands .
| | - Roel M van Harten
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99 , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands .
| | - Małgorzata Śleszyńska
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99 , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands .
| | - Inmaculada Rentero Rebollo
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Antoni P A Hendrickx
- Department of Medical Microbiology , University Medical Center , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Rob J L Willems
- Department of Medical Microbiology , University Medical Center , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Eefjan Breukink
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics Group , Department of Chemistry , Utrecht University , The Netherlands
| | - Nathaniel I Martin
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99 , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands .
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8
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Kuzmicheva GA, Belyavskaya VA. Peptide phage display in biotechnology and biomedicine. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750817010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Kuzmicheva GA, Belyavskaya VA. [Peptide phage display in biotechnology and biomedicine]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2017; 62:481-495. [PMID: 27797323 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20166205481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To date peptide phage display is one of the most common combinatorial methods used for identifying specific peptide ligands. Phage display peptide libraries containing billions different clones successfully used for selection of ligands with high affinity and selectivity toward wide range of targets including individual proteins, bacteria, viruses, spores, different kind of cancer cells and variety of nonorganic targets (metals, alloys, semiconductors etc.) Success of using filamentous phage in phage display technologies relays on the robustness of phage particles and a possibility to genetically modify its DNA to construct new phage variants with novel properties. In this review we are discussing characteristics of the most known non-commercial peptide phage display libraries of different formats (landscape libraries in particular) and their successful applications in several fields of biotechnology and biomedicine: discovery of peptides with diagnostic values against different pathogens, discovery and using of peptides recognizing cancer cells, trends in using of phage display technologies in human interactome studies, application of phage display technologies in construction of novel nano materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Kuzmicheva
- Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia; XBiotech USA, Austin, TX, USA
| | - V A Belyavskaya
- Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia
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10
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Kobayashi S, Terai T, Yoshikawa Y, Ohkawa R, Ebihara M, Hayashi M, Takiguchi K, Nemoto N. In vitro selection of random peptides against artificial lipid bilayers: a potential tool to immobilize molecules on membranes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:3458-3461. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00099e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The first in vitro selection of binding peptides against artificial lipid membranes was performed using a cDNA display method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Saitama University
- Saitama City
- Japan
| | - Takuya Terai
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Saitama University
- Saitama City
- Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Saitama University
- Saitama City
- Japan
| | - Ryoya Ohkawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Saitama University
- Saitama City
- Japan
| | - Mika Ebihara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Saitama University
- Saitama City
- Japan
| | - Masahito Hayashi
- Division of Biological Science
- Graduate School of Science
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8602
- Japan
| | - Kingo Takiguchi
- Division of Biological Science
- Graduate School of Science
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8602
- Japan
| | - Naoto Nemoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Saitama University
- Saitama City
- Japan
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Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) represent a heterogeneous group of Gram-negative aquatic prokaryotes with a broad range of morphological types, including vibrioid, coccoid, rod and spirillum. MTBs possess the virtuosity to passively align and actively swim along the magnetic field. Magnetosomes are the trademark nano-ranged intracellular structures of MTB, which comprise magnetic iron-bearing inorganic crystals enveloped by an organic membrane, and are dedicated organelles for their magnetotactic lifestyle. Magnetosomes endue high and even dispersion in aqueous solutions compared with artificial magnetites, claiming them as paragon nanomaterials. MTB and magnetosomes offer high technological potential in modern science, technology and medicines. This review focuses on the applicability of MTB and magnetosomes in various areas of modern benefits.
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12
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Magnetotactic bacteria as potential sources of bioproducts. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:389-430. [PMID: 25603340 PMCID: PMC4306944 DOI: 10.3390/md13010389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) produce intracellular organelles called magnetosomes which are magnetic nanoparticles composed of magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4) enveloped by a lipid bilayer. The synthesis of a magnetosome is through a genetically controlled process in which the bacterium has control over the composition, direction of crystal growth, and the size and shape of the mineral crystal. As a result of this control, magnetosomes have narrow and uniform size ranges, relatively specific magnetic and crystalline properties, and an enveloping biological membrane. These features are not observed in magnetic particles produced abiotically and thus magnetosomes are of great interest in biotechnology. Most currently described MTB have been isolated from saline or brackish environments and the availability of their genomes has contributed to a better understanding and culturing of these fastidious microorganisms. Moreover, genome sequences have allowed researchers to study genes related to magnetosome production for the synthesis of magnetic particles for use in future commercial and medical applications. Here, we review the current information on the biology of MTB and apply, for the first time, a genome mining strategy on these microorganisms to search for secondary metabolite synthesis genes. More specifically, we discovered that the genome of the cultured MTB Magnetovibrio blakemorei, among other MTB, contains several metabolic pathways for the synthesis of secondary metabolites and other compounds, thereby raising the possibility of the co-production of new bioactive molecules along with magnetosomes by this species.
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13
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Ong ZY, Wiradharma N, Yang YY. Strategies employed in the design and optimization of synthetic antimicrobial peptide amphiphiles with enhanced therapeutic potentials. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 78:28-45. [PMID: 25453271 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) which predominantly act via membrane active mechanisms have emerged as an exciting class of antimicrobial agents with tremendous potential to overcome the global epidemic of antibiotics-resistant infections. The first generation of AMPs derived from natural sources as diverse as plants, insects and humans has provided a wealth of compositional and structural information to design novel synthetic AMPs with enhanced antimicrobial potencies and selectivities, reduced cost of production due to shorter sequences and improved stabilities under physiological conditions. In this review, we will first discuss the common strategies employed in the design and optimization of synthetic AMPs, followed by highlighting the various approaches utilized to enhance the therapeutic potentials of designed AMPs under physiological conditions. Lastly, future perspectives on the development of improved AMPs for therapeutic applications will be presented.
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14
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Haney EF, Hancock R(BE. Peptide design for antimicrobial and immunomodulatory applications. Biopolymers 2013; 100:572-83. [PMID: 23553602 PMCID: PMC3932157 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The increasing threat of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria and the dwindling supply of antibiotics available to combat these infections poses a significant threat to human health throughout the world. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have long been touted as the next generation of antibiotics capable of filling the anti-infective void. Unfortunately, peptide-based antibiotics have yet to realize their potential as novel pharmaceuticals, in spite of the immense number of known AMP sequences and our improved understanding of their antibacterial mechanism of action. Recently, the immunomodulatory properties of certain AMPs have become appreciated. The ability of small synthetic peptides to protect against infection in vivo has demonstrated that modulation of the innate immune response is an effective strategy to further develop peptides as novel anti-infectives. This review focuses on the screening methods that have been used to assess novel peptide sequences for their antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties. It will also examine how we have progressed in our ability to identify and optimize peptides with desired biological characteristics and enhanced therapeutic potential. In addition, the current challenges to the development of peptides as anti-infectives are examined and the strategies being used to overcome these issues are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert (Bob) E.W. Hancock
- Corresponding author Centre for Microbial Diseases
and Immunity Research University of British Columbia 2259 Lower Mall Research
Station Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Canada
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15
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Development of anti-infectives using phage display: biological agents against bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:4569-82. [PMID: 22664969 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00567-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of anti-infective therapeutics on the market or in development are small molecules; however, there is now a nascent pipeline of biological agents in development. Until recently, phage display technologies were used mainly to produce monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) targeted against cancer or inflammatory disease targets. Patent disputes impeded broad use of these methods and contributed to the dearth of candidates in the clinic during the 1990s. Today, however, phage display is recognized as a powerful tool for selecting novel peptides and antibodies that can bind to a wide range of antigens, ranging from whole cells to proteins and lipid targets. In this review, we highlight research that exploits phage display technology as a means of discovering novel therapeutics against infectious diseases, with a focus on antimicrobial peptides and antibodies in clinical or preclinical development. We discuss the different strategies and methods used to derive, select, and develop anti-infectives from phage display libraries and then highlight case studies of drug candidates in the process of development and commercialization. Advances in screening, manufacturing, and humanization technologies now mean that phage display can make a significant contribution in the fight against clinically important pathogens.
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16
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Vázquez E, Villaverde A. Engineering building blocks for self-assembling protein nanoparticles. Microb Cell Fact 2010; 9:101. [PMID: 21192790 PMCID: PMC3022712 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-9-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Like natural viruses, manmade protein cages for drug delivery are to be ideally formed by repetitive subunits with self-assembling properties, mimicking viral functions and molecular organization. Naturally formed nanostructures (such as viruses, flagella or simpler protein oligomers) can be engineered to acquire specific traits of interest in biomedicine, for instance through the addition of cell targeting agents for desired biodistribution and specific delivery of associated drugs. However, fully artificial constructs would be highly desirable regarding finest tuning and adaptation to precise therapeutic purposes. Although engineering of protein assembling is still in its infancy, arising principles and promising strategies of protein manipulation point out the rational construction of nanoscale protein cages as a feasible concept, reachable through conventional recombinant DNA technologies and microbial protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Vázquez
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Rodríguez-Carmona E, Villaverde A. Nanostructured bacterial materials for innovative medicines. Trends Microbiol 2010; 18:423-30. [PMID: 20674365 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 05/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of innovative medicines and personalized biomedical approaches require the identification and implementation of new biocompatible materials produced by methodologically simple and cheap fabrication methods. The biological fabrication of materials, mostly carried out by microorganisms, has historically provided organic compounds with wide-spectrum biomedical applications, including hyaluronic acid, poly(gamma-glutamic acid) and polyhydroxyalkanoates. Additionally, the implementation of new methodological platforms such as metabolic engineering and systems biology have facilitated the controlled production of natural nanoparticles produced by bacteria, including metallic deposits of Au, Ag, Cd, Zn or Fe, virus-like particles or other nanoscale protein-only entities. The unexpected potential of such self-organized and functional materials in nanomedical scenarios (especially in drug delivery, imaging and tissue engineering) prompts serious consideration of further exploitation of bacterial cell factories as convenient alternatives to chemical synthesis and as sources of novel bioproducts that could dramatically expand the existing catalog of biomedical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Escarlata Rodríguez-Carmona
- Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Corchero JL, Villaverde A. Biomedical applications of distally controlled magnetic nanoparticles. Trends Biotechnol 2009; 27:468-76. [PMID: 19564057 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nano-sized magnetic particles are increasingly being used across a wide spectrum of biomedical fields. Upon functionalization to enable specific binding, magnetic particles and their targets can be conveniently positioned in vitro and in vivo by the distal application of magnetic fields. Furthermore, such particles can be magnetically heated after reaching their in vivo targets, thus inducing localized cell death that has a considerable therapeutic value in, for instance, cancer therapy. In this context, innovative biomedical research has produced novel applications that have exciting clinical potential. Such applications include magnetically enhanced transfection, magnetically assisted gene therapy, magnetically induced hyperthermia and magnetic-force-based tissue engineering, and the principles and utilities of these applications will be discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Corchero
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08196 Barcelona, Spain
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