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Pino-Vera R, Abreu-Acosta N, Foronda P. Study of Zoonotic Pathogens in Alien Population of Veiled Chameleons ( Chamaeleo calyptratus) in the Canary Islands (Spain). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2288. [PMID: 37508064 PMCID: PMC10376624 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus) are native to the Arabian Peninsula that have been introduced as pets in many regions around the world, such as the Canary Islands (Spain). In this work, the gastrointestinal content from veiled chameleons of Gran Canaria island (Canary Islands) has been analyzed to determine the presence of zoonotic bacteria. Forty animals were analyzed using different selective culture media and PCR. The most isolated bacteria were Yersinia enterocolitica (52.4%), followed by Salmonella spp. (40.0%), with positive isolates for Salmonella Tyhpi and Salmonella Typhimurium. Pseudomonas spp. was found in 32.5% of the chameleons. More than half were positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus spp. was detected in six animals plus one isolate of non-resistant Staphylococcus hominis. Multiple mycobacteria species belonging to both tuberculous and non-tuberculous complexes were identified as well as Escherichia coli carrying the stx1 and eae virulence genes with 12.5% and 7.5% prevalence, respectively. Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter spp., and Vibrio spp. were found in lower proportion (<5%). The results obtained indicate that veiled chameleons in Gran Canaria could be playing a role in the maintenance and dissemination of the pathogens detected, harming public health and biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Román Pino-Vera
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Department Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Programa de Doctorado Ciencias Médicas y Farmacéuticas, Desarrollo y Calidad de Vida, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico F. Sánchez, s/n, 38203 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Néstor Abreu-Acosta
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Nertalab S.L.U., 38001 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pilar Foronda
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Department Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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Sandwich-Based Immunosensor for Dual-Mode Detection of Pathogenic F17-Positive Escherichia coli Strains. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116028. [PMID: 35682707 PMCID: PMC9181454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial diseases cause tremendous economic losses due to high morbidity and mortality in livestock animals. F17A protein, the major subunit of F17 fimbriae, is one of the most prevalent and crucial virulence factors among the pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from diarrheic and septicemic animals of various species. Purification and detection of this protein is regarded as an interesting field of investigation due to its important role as a therapeutic target, such as vaccines, and as a diagnostic tool. In this context, polyclonal rabbit antibodies recognizing F17A protein (anti−F17A antibody) were developed and used for its detection. In fact, sandwich biosensor using anti−F17A/gold nanoparticles conjugates as capture probe and anti−F17A antibody labelled with horseradish peroxidase as signal amplification probe was developed for electrochemical and fluorescent detection of purified F17A protein and live F17–positive E. coli bacteria. Good specificity and sensitivity for detection of F17–positive E. coli strains were obtained. The dynamic range for the biosensor varies from 1 × 102 to 1 × 109 CFU·mL−1 (R2 = 0.998) and the detection limit (LOD) and the IC50 value were estimated to be 37 CFU·mL−1 and 75 CFU·mL−1, respectively.
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In-House Validation of Multiplex PCR for Simultaneous Detection of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. in Raw Meats. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111557. [PMID: 35681308 PMCID: PMC9180326 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to perform in-house validation of the developed multiplex PCR (mPCR)-based alternative method to detect Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) and Salmonella spp. in raw meats following the ISO 16140-2: 2016. A comparative study of the developed mPCR against the Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) method was evaluated for inclusivity and exclusivity, sensitivity and the relative level of detection (RLOD). Inclusivity levels for each target bacterium were all 100%, while exclusivity for non-target bacteria was 100%. The sensitivity of the developed mPCR was calculated based on the analysis of 72 samples of raw meat. The sensitivity of the developed mPCR was 100%. The RLOD values of the developed mPCR for STEC, L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were 0.756, 1.170 and 1.000, respectively. The developed mPCR showed potential as a tool for the fast, specific and sensitive detection of the three bacteria in the raw meat industry
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Benameur Q, Gervasi T, Giarratana F, Vitale M, Anzà D, La Camera E, Nostro A, Cicero N, Marino A. Virulence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Production of Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Broiler Chickens in Western Algeria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101157. [PMID: 34680738 PMCID: PMC8532970 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the virulence, antimicrobial resistance and biofilm production of Escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy broiler chickens in Western Algeria. E. coli strains (n = 18) were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Susceptibility to 10 antibiotics was determined by standard methods. Virulence and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes were detected by PCR. The biofilm production was evaluated by microplate assay. All the isolates were negative for the major virulence/toxin genes tested (rfbE, fliC, eaeA, stx1), except one was stx2-positive. However, all were resistant to at least three antibiotics. Ten strains were ESBL-positive. Seven carried the β-lactamase blaTEM gene only and two co-harbored blaTEM and blaCTX-M-1 genes. One carried the blaSHV gene. Among the seven strains harboring blaTEM only, six had putative enteroaggregative genes. Two contained irp2, two contained both irp2 and astA, one contained astA and another contained aggR, astA and irp2 genes. All isolates carrying ESBL genes were non-biofilm producers, except one weak producer. The ESBL-negative isolates were moderate biofilm producers and, among them, two harbored astA, two irp2, and one aggR, astA and irp2 genes. This study highlights the spread of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli strains from healthy broiler chickens in Western Algeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qada Benameur
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem 27000, Algeria;
| | - Teresa Gervasi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-676-2870
| | - Filippo Giarratana
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Maria Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “Adelmo Mirri”, 90141 Palermo, Italy; (M.V.); (D.A.)
| | - Davide Anzà
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “Adelmo Mirri”, 90141 Palermo, Italy; (M.V.); (D.A.)
| | - Erminia La Camera
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonia Nostro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Andreana Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.M.)
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Hu Y, Bai L, Zhao L, Wu L, Lv H, Li Q, Li X, Xie Q, Wang L, Liu C, Liu N, Cui S. Standardized Shiga-Toxin Encoding Genes Real-Time PCR Screening Methods Comparison and Development of an Internally Controlled Assay for Pan-stx2 Detection. J AOAC Int 2021; 104:1065-1071. [PMID: 33724375 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various primer and probe sets have been developed and standardized, but certain sets may have low efficiency or miss some stx-subtypes. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficiency of the recommended stx screening primers and probe sets in four standardized methods and develop a new primers and probe system with an internal amplification control (IAC) for all known stx2 subtypes. METHOD The inclusivity and specificity of recommended screening primers and probe sets in four standardized methods were compared. A new pan-stx2 primer and probe set was adapted from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) method for all known stx2 subtypes. The robustness of the new method was assessed in seven laboratories and also assessed in ground beef and bean sprout samples. RESULTS None of the recommended screening primers and probe sets in the four standardized methods could efficiently amplify all the stx2 subtypes because of various mismatches in the primers or the probe sequences. A new primers and probe system adapted from the ISO method, through introducing degenerate bases in primers and probe sequences with an IAC, showed high amplification efficiency and specificity for all known stx2 subtypes in ground beef and bean sprouts samples. The specificity of the new method was assessed in seven laboratories and showed robust and consistent results. CONCLUSIONS This study provided evidence for Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) screening method development, and the newly developed primers and probes system should be considered in the revision of the standardized methods. HIGHLIGHTS None of the recommended screening primer and probe set in the four official methods could efficiently amplify all the stx2 subtypes. A new developed primer and probe set showed high amplification efficiency and specificity for all known stx2 subtypes in fresh ground beef and bean sprouts samples. The newly developed stx2 screening system showed robustness and consistency during interlaboratory study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, PR, China.,Department of Food Science, The National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No.2 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050 , PR, China
| | - Li Bai
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Yard No.37, Guangqu Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100022, PR, China
| | - Linna Zhao
- Department of Food Science, The National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No.2 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050 , PR, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Henan Province, No.105 Nongye South Road, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450016, PR, China
| | - Hong Lv
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Sichuan Province, No.6 Middle School Road, Chengdu, 610041, PR, China
| | - Qiongqiong Li
- Shanghai Institute of Food and Drug Control, No.1500 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, PR, China
| | - Xinpeng Li
- Center for Disease Prevent and Control of Shandong Province, No. 16992 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, PR, China
| | - Qingchao Xie
- Shanghai Ocean University, College of Food Science and Technology, No.999 Hucheng Ring Road, Pudong New Area, 201306, Shanghai, PR, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Beijing Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Centers for Disease Preventive Medical Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, No.16 Heping Li Zhong Jie, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100013, PR, China
| | - Chengwei Liu
- Center for Disease Prevent and Control of Jiangxi Province, No.555 Beijing Dong Lu, Nanchang, 330029, PR, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Food Science, The National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No.2 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050 , PR, China
| | - Shenghui Cui
- Department of Food Science, The National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No.2 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050 , PR, China
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Manage DP, Lauzon J, Pilarski LM, Pilarski PM, McMullen LM. Comparison of a Miniaturized Cassette PCR System with a Commercially Available Platform for Detecting Escherichia coli in Beef Carcass Swabs. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12080959. [PMID: 34442581 PMCID: PMC8398369 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Detection sensitivity of cassette PCR was compared with a commercial BAX® PCR system for detection of eae and stx genes in Escherichia coli from 806 beef carcass swabs. Cassette PCR detects multiple genetic markers on multiple samples using PCR and melt curve analysis. Conventional PCR served as a gold standard. Overall, for positive and negative concordance, cassette PCR was 98.6% concordant with conventional PCR, and BAX PCR was 65.4% concordant. Of 806 beef carcass swabs, 339 by cassette PCR and 84 by BAX PCR harbored eae + stx+E. coli. For BAX PCR reactions, 84% of eae+ swabs, 79% of stx+ swabs, and 86% of eae + stx+ swabs were also detected by cassette PCR. For cassette PCR reactions, 457 swabs were eae+ with only 117 scored as eae+ using BAX PCR for 26% positive concordance. For stx primers, cassette PCR scored 480 samples as stx+ but only 215 samples were stx+ by BAX PCR, giving 45% positive concordance. Importantly, cassette PCR scored 339 swabs as harboring eae + stx+ E. coli, but BAX PCR detected only 71 positives giving only 21% positive concordance, with many false negatives. Cassette PCR is a highly sensitive method for detection of STEC genes in E. coli found in carcass swabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dammika P. Manage
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (D.P.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Jana Lauzon
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (D.P.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Linda M. Pilarski
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta and Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada;
| | - Patrick M. Pilarski
- 5-005 Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
| | - Lynn M. McMullen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (D.P.M.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Díaz-Jiménez D, García-Meniño I, Herrera A, García V, López-Beceiro AM, Alonso MP, Blanco J, Mora A. Genomic Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolates Belonging to a New Hybrid aEPEC/ExPEC Pathotype O153:H10-A-ST10 eae-beta1 Occurred in Meat, Poultry, Wildlife and Human Diarrheagenic Samples. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9040192. [PMID: 32316613 PMCID: PMC7235894 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Different surveillance studies (2005–2015) in northwest Spain revealed the presence of eae-positive isolates of Escherichia coli O153:H10 in meat for human consumption, poultry farm, wildlife and human diarrheagenic samples. The aim of this study was to explore the genetic and genomic relatedness between human and animal/meat isolates, as well as the mechanism of its persistence. We also wanted to know whether it was a geographically restricted lineage, or whether it was also reported elsewhere. Conventional typing showed that 32 isolates were O153:H10-A-ST10 fimH54, fimAvMT78, traT and eae-beta1. Amongst these, 21 were CTX-M-32 or SHV-12 producers. The PFGE XbaI-macrorestriction comparison showed high similarity (>85%). The plasmidome analysis revealed a stable combination of IncF (F2:A-:B-), IncI1 (STunknown) and IncX1 plasmid types, together with non-conjugative Col-like plasmids. The core genome investigation based on the cgMLST scheme from EnteroBase proved close relatedness between isolates of human and animal origin. Our results demonstrate that a hybrid MDR aEPEC/ExPEC of the clonal group O153:H10-A-ST10 (CH11-54) is circulating in our region within different hosts, including wildlife. It seems implicated in human diarrhea via meat transmission, and in the spreading of ESBL genes (mainly of CTX-M-32 type). We found genomic evidence of a related hybrid aEPEC/ExPEC in at least one other country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne Díaz-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC), Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain; (D.D.-J.); (I.G.-M.); (A.H.); (V.G.); (J.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago, Spain
| | - Isidro García-Meniño
- Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC), Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain; (D.D.-J.); (I.G.-M.); (A.H.); (V.G.); (J.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago, Spain
| | - Alexandra Herrera
- Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC), Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain; (D.D.-J.); (I.G.-M.); (A.H.); (V.G.); (J.B.)
| | - Vanesa García
- Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC), Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain; (D.D.-J.); (I.G.-M.); (A.H.); (V.G.); (J.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago, Spain
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ana María López-Beceiro
- Departamento de Anatomía, Produción Animal e Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - María Pilar Alonso
- Unidade de Microbioloxía, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), 27003 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Jorge Blanco
- Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC), Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain; (D.D.-J.); (I.G.-M.); (A.H.); (V.G.); (J.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago, Spain
| | - Azucena Mora
- Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC), Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain; (D.D.-J.); (I.G.-M.); (A.H.); (V.G.); (J.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-982822110
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Chen L, Zhao X, Wu J, Liu Q, Pang X, Yang H. Metabolic characterisation of eight Escherichia coli strains including "Big Six" and acidic responses of selected strains revealed by NMR spectroscopy. Food Microbiol 2019; 88:103399. [PMID: 31997756 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic diversity of Escherichia coli strains (non-pathogenic E. coli ATCC 25922, and pathogenic E. coli O157:H7, O26:H11, O45:H2, O103:H11, O111, O121:H19, and O145) was tested using nuclear magnetic resonance. Based on two representative two-dimensional 1H-13C spectra, 38 metabolites were identified in E. coli intracellular samples. Principal component analysis indicated that metabolites including lysine, arginine, α-ketoglutaric acid, adenosine, and fumaric acid were responsible for the separation of E. coli ATCC 25922. Relatively large metabolic differences between ATCC 25922 and the pathogenic strains were recoded. The most varied pairwise group (ATCC 25922 vs. O26:H11) was further analysed. The screened metabolites and enrichment pathway tests revealed different amino acid metabolism and higher requirement for energy production in the pathogenic strains. The acidic responses of the selected strains were further tested. The in vitro and in vivo inactivation kinetics, morphological changes, and protein leakage showed higher acid tolerance of E. coli O26:H11. Metabolic analysis of the two strains under acidic stress revealed alternative metabolites and pathways in the two groups. Pathogenic O26:H11 was characterised by higher energy production and amino acid metabolism (lysine and glutamic acid). Real-time PCR tests confirmed that glutamic acid dependent decarboxylase/antiporter system was the major acid resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117542, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117542, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Ji'en Wu
- Setsco Services Pte., Ltd., Singapore, 608925, Singapore
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117542, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Xinyi Pang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117542, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Hongshun Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117542, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
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Dias D, Caetano T, Torres RT, Fonseca C, Mendo S. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in wild ungulates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:203-209. [PMID: 30227290 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are zoonotic pathogens that live in the gastrointestinal tract of wildlife and cattle without causing disease. In humans, their colonization and infection lead to life-threatening disease. We investigated the occurrence of STEC in wild ungulates (wild boar, red deer and roe deer) inhabiting areas differently impacted by anthropogenic activities. STEC were detected in 9% (n = 6) of the samples and were recovered from the three species: 1 of wild boar, 4 of red deer and 1 of roe deer. All the isolates (n = 7) were non-O157 STEC encoding stx1 (n = 2; 29%) and/or stx2 genes (n = 6; 86%). O27:H30 was the most frequent serotype identified, followed by O146:H21 and O146:H28. Two STEC were O-untypable: ONT:H28 and ONT:H52. The phylo-groups identified were B1 (n = 3), E (n = 3) and F (n = 1). All the isolates recovered were susceptible to the different classes of antibiotics tested, although resistance genes were found in two strains. Apart from stx, all STEC encode many virulence factors (VF), particularly adhesins and/or other toxins. A strain with 13 VF collected from roe deer has a high enterohemorrhagic risk due to the presence of intimin, hemolysin and protease effectors genes. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) are implicated in the major cases of human infection and mortality, highlighting the zoonotic potential of wildlife-associated STEC. Wild ungulates are reservoirs of STEC potentially pathogenic to humans. Therefore, following the One Health concept, it is crucial to establish worldwide local monitoring programs that will benefit human, animal and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dias
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - T Caetano
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - R T Torres
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - C Fonseca
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - S Mendo
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Virulence Characteristics, Serotyping and Phylogenetic Typing of Clinical and Environmental Escherichia coli Isolates. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.82835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Krause M, Barth H, Schmidt H. Toxins of Locus of Enterocyte Effacement-Negative Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10060241. [PMID: 29903982 PMCID: PMC6024878 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10060241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) typically examine and classify the virulence gene profiles based on genomic analyses. Among the screened strains, a subgroup of STEC which lacks the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) has frequently been identified. This raises the question about the level of pathogenicity of such strains. This review focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of the standard screening procedures in virulence profiling and summarizes the current knowledge concerning the function and regulation of toxins encoded by LEE-negative STEC. Although LEE-negative STEC usually come across as food isolates, which rarely cause infections in humans, some serotypes have been implicated in human diseases. In particular, the LEE-negative E. coli O104:H7 German outbreak strain from 2011 and the Australian O113:H21 strain isolated from a HUS patient attracted attention. Moreover, the LEE-negative STEC O113:H21 strain TS18/08 that was isolated from minced meat is remarkable in that it not only encodes multiple toxins, but in fact expresses three different toxins simultaneously. Their characterization contributes to understanding the virulence of the LEE-negative STEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Krause
- Department of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Garbenstrasse 28, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Holger Barth
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Herbert Schmidt
- Department of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Garbenstrasse 28, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Impact of human-associated Escherichia coli clonal groups in Antarctic pinnipeds: presence of ST73, ST95, ST141 and ST131. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4678. [PMID: 29549276 PMCID: PMC5856829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing concern about the spreading of human microorganisms in relatively untouched ecosystems such as the Antarctic region. For this reason, three pinniped species (Leptonychotes weddellii, Mirounga leonina and Arctocephalus gazella) from the west coast of the Antartic Peninsula were analysed for the presence of Escherichia spp. with the recovery of 158 E. coli and three E. albertii isolates. From those, 23 harboured different eae variants (α1, β1, β2, ε1, θ1, κ, ο), including a bfpA-positive isolate (O49:H10-A-ST206, eae-k) classified as typical enteropathogenic E. coli. Noteworthy, 62 of the 158 E. coli isolates (39.2%) exhibited the ExPEC status and 27 (17.1%) belonged to sequence types (ST) frequently occurring among urinary/bacteremia ExPEC clones: ST12, ST73, ST95, ST131 and ST141. We found similarities >85% within the PFGE-macrorrestriction profiles of pinniped and human clinic O2:H6-B2-ST141 and O16:H5/O25b:H4-B2-ST131 isolates. The in silico analysis of ST131 Cplx genomes from the three pinnipeds (five O25:H4-ST131/PST43-fimH22-virotype D; one O16:H5-ST131/PST506-fimH41; one O25:H4-ST6252/PST9-fimH22-virotype D1) identified IncF and IncI1 plasmids and revealed high core-genome similarities between pinniped and human isolates (H22 and H41 subclones). This is the first study to demonstrate the worrisome presence of human-associated E. coli clonal groups, including ST131, in Antarctic pinnipeds.
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Jajarmi M, Askari Badouei M, Imani Fooladi AA, Ghanbarpour R, Ahmadi A. Pathogenic potential of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains of caprine origin: virulence genes, Shiga toxin subtypes, phylogenetic background and clonal relatedness. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:97. [PMID: 29548291 PMCID: PMC5857098 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND All over the world, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are considered as important zoonotic pathogens. Eight serogroups have the greatest role in the outbreaks and diseases caused by STEC which include O26, O45, O103, O111, O113, O121, O145 and O157. Ruminants, especially cattle are the main reservoirs but the role of small ruminants in the epidemiology of human infections has not been thoroughly assessed in many countries. The objective of this research was to investigate the pathogenic potential of the STEC strains isolated from slaughtered goats. In this study, a total of 57 STEC strains were recovered from 450 goats and characterized by subtyping of stx genes, O-serogrouping, phylo-typing and DNA fingerprinting. RESULTS Amongst 57 STEC strains isolated from goats, the prevalence of stx1 was significantly more than stx2 (98.2% vs. 24.5%; P ≤ 0.05), and 22.8% of strains harbored both stx1 and stx2 genes. Three (5.2%) isolates were characterized as EHEC, which carried both eae and stx genes. A total of five stx-subtypes were recognized namely: stx1c (94.7%), stx1a (53.7%), stx2d (21%), stx2c (17.5%), and stx2a (15.7%). In some parts of the world, these subtypes have been reported in relation with severe human infections. The stx subtypes predominantly occurred in four combinations, including stx1a/stx1c (35%), stx1c (31.5%), stx1c/stx2a/stx2c/stx2d (5.2%) and stx1c/stx2c/stx2d (%5.2%). In serogrouping, the majority of STECs from goats did not belong to the top 8 serogroups but two strains belonged to O113, which has been recognized as an important pathogenic STEC in Australia. Interestingly, none of stx + eae + isolates belonged to the tested serogroups. In phylo-typing the isolates mostly belonged to phylo-group B1 (82.4%), followed by phylo-group A (12.3%). STEC strains showed a substantial diversity in DNA fingerprinting; there were 24 unique ERIC-types (with a ≥95% similarity) among the isolates. CONCLUSIONS Despite the fact that the top 8 STEC serogroups were uncommon in caprine strains, the presence of highly pathogenic stx subtypes indicates that small ruminants and their products can be considered as an overlooked public health risk for humans, especially in developing countries which consume traditional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Jajarmi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Askari Badouei
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ghanbarpour
- Molecular Microbiology Research Group, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Taghadosi R, Shakibaie MR, Alizade H, Hosseini-Nave H, Askari A, Ghanbarpour R. Serogroups, subtypes and virulence factors of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from human, calves and goats in Kerman, Iran. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2018; 11:60-67. [PMID: 29564067 PMCID: PMC5849120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The present study was conducted to detect the occurrence, serogroups, virulence genes and phylogenetic relationship of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in human, clave and goat in Kerman (southeast of Iran). BACKGROUND STEC have emerged as the important foodborne zoonotic pathogens causing human gastrointestinal disease and confirming the risk to public health. METHODS A total of 671 fecal samples were collected from diarrheic patients (n=395) and healthy calves (n=156) and goats (n=120) and screened for the presence of stx gene. Furthermore, the prevalence of stx1 and stx2 variants, serotypes (O157, O145, O103, O26, O111, O91, O128, and O45), phylogenetic groups and the presence of ehxA, eae, hylA, iha and saa virulence genes were studied. RESULTS Prevalence of STEC in human diarrheic isolates was 1.3% (5 isolates), in claves was 26.3% (41 isolates) and in goats was 27.5% (33 isolates). stx1 gene was the most prevalent variant and detected in 75 isolates. Furthermore, stx1c was the most predominant stx subtype, found in 56 isolates. The ehxA identified in 36 (45.6%) isolates, followed by iha 5 (6.3%), eaeA 4 (5.1%), hlyA 2 (2.5%) and saa 2 (2.5%). Most of the isolates belonged to phylogroup B1. Only two O26 and one O91 isolates were detected in our study. CONCLUSION Our results show that STEC strains were widespread among healthy domestic animals in the southeast of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohollah Taghadosi
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Shakibaie
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hesam Alizade
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseini-Nave
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Asma Askari
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Ghanbarpour
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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15
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Hajihosein-Tabrizi A, Habibi M, Tabasi M, Asadi Karam MR. Distribution of Genes Encoding Iron Uptake Systems among the Escherichia coli Isolates from Diarrheal Patients of Iran. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/jommid.6.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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16
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Kalule JB, Fortuin S, Calder B, Robberts L, Keddy KH, Nel AJM, Garnett S, Nicol M, Warner DF, Soares NC, Blackburn JM. Proteomic comparison of three clinical diarrhoeagenic drug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates grown on CHROMagar™STEC media. J Proteomics 2017; 180:25-35. [PMID: 28887208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are key diarrhoea-causing foodborne pathogens. We used proteomics to characterize the virulence and antimicrobial resistance protein profiles of three clinical pathogenic E. coli isolates (two EPEC [one resistant to ciprofloxacin] and one STEC) cultured on CHROMagar™STEC solid media after minimal laboratory passage. We identified 4767 unique peptides from 1630 protein group across all three clinical E. coli strains. Label-free proteomic analysis allowed the identification of virulence and drug resistance proteins that were unique to each of the clinical isolates compared in this study. The B subunit of Shiga toxin, ToxB, was uniquely detected in the STEC strain while several other virulence factors including SheA, OmpF, OmpC and OmpX were significantly more abundant in the STEC strain. The ciprofloxacin resistant EPEC isolate possessed reduced levels of key virulence proteins compared to the ciprofloxacin susceptible EPEC and STEC strains. Parallel reaction monitoring assays validated the presence of biologically relevant proteins across biologically-replicated cultures. Propagation of clinical isolates on a relevant solid medium followed by mass spectrometry analysis represents a convenient means to quantify virulence factors and drug resistance determinants that might otherwise be lost through extensive in vitro passage in enteropathogenic bacteria. SIGNIFICANCE Through the use of quantitative proteomics, we have characterized the virulence and antimicrobial resistance attributes of three clinically isolated, pathogenic E. coli strains cultured on solid media. Our results provide new, quantitative data on the expressed proteomes of these tellurite-resistant, diarrhoeagenic E. coli strains and reveal a subset of antimicrobial resistance and virulence proteins that are differentially abundant between these clinical strains. Our quantitative proteomics-based approach should thus have applicability in microbiological diagnostic labs for the identification of pathogenic/drug resistant E. coli in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bosco Kalule
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Suereta Fortuin
- Division of Chemical & Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bridget Calder
- Division of Chemical & Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lourens Robberts
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karen H Keddy
- Bacteriology Division, Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Andrew J M Nel
- Division of Chemical & Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shaun Garnett
- Division of Chemical & Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark Nicol
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Digby F Warner
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, South Africa; MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nelson C Soares
- Division of Chemical & Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Jonathan M Blackburn
- Division of Chemical & Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, South Africa.
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17
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Association of Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli with Diarrhea and Related Mortality in Kittens. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:2719-2735. [PMID: 28659315 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00403-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea is responsible for the death of approximately 900,000 children per year worldwide. In children, typical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a common cause of diarrhea and is associated with a higher hazard of death. Typical EPEC infection is rare in animals and poorly reproduced in experimental animal models. In contrast, atypical EPEC (aEPEC) infection is common in both children and animals, but its role in diarrhea is uncertain. Mortality in kittens is often attributed to diarrhea, and we previously identified enteroadherent EPEC in the intestines of deceased kittens. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and type of EPEC in kittens and whether infection was associated with diarrhea, diarrhea-related mortality, gastrointestinal pathology, or other risk factors. Kittens with and without diarrhea were obtained from two shelter facilities and determined to shed atypical EPEC at a culture-based prevalence of 18%. In contrast, quantitative PCR detected the presence of the gene for intimin (eae) in feces from 42% of kittens. aEPEC was isolated from kittens with and without diarrhea. However, kittens with diarrhea harbored significantly larger quantities of aEPEC than kittens without diarrhea. Kittens with aEPEC had a significantly greater severity of small intestinal and colonic lesions and were significantly more likely to have required subcutaneous fluid administration. These findings identify aEPEC to be prevalent in kittens and a significant primary or contributing cause of intestinal inflammation, diarrhea, dehydration, and associated mortality in kittens.
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18
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Jajarmi M, Imani Fooladi AA, Badouei MA, Ahmadi A. Virulence genes, Shiga toxin subtypes, major O-serogroups, and phylogenetic background of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from cattle in Iran. Microb Pathog 2017; 109:274-279. [PMID: 28578089 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the virulence potential of the isolated bovine STEC for humans in Iran. In this study a collection of STEC strains (n = 50) had been provided via four stages, including sampling from feces of cattle, E. coli isolation, molecular screening of Shiga toxin (stx) genes, and saving the STEC strains from various geographical areas in Iran. The STEC isolates were subjected to stx-subtyping, O-serogrouping, and phylo-grouping by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Occurrence of stx1 (52%) and stx2 (64%) was not significantly different (p = 0.1), and 16% of isolates carried both stx1 and stx2, simultaneously. In addition, 36% and 80% of the isolates were positive for eae and ehxA, respectively. Molecular subtyping showed that stx1a (52%), stx2a (44%), stx2c (44%), and stx2d (30%) were the most prevalent subtypes; two combinations stx2a/stx2c and stx2c/stx2d coexisted in 18% and 10% of STEC strains, respectively. Three important non-O157 serogroups, including O113 (20%), O26 (12%), and O111 (10%), were predominant, and none of the isolates belonged to O157. Importantly, one O26 isolate carried stx1, stx2, eae and ehxA and revealed highly virulent stx subtypes. Moreover, all the 21 serogrouped strains belonged to the B1 phylo-type. Our study highlights the significance of non-O157 STEC strains carrying highly pathogenic virulence genes in cattle population as the source of this pathogen in Iran. Since non-O157 STEC strains are not routinely tried in most diagnostic laboratories, majority of the STEC-associated human infections appear to be overlooked in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Jajarmi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Askari Badouei
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Petit F, Clermont O, Delannoy S, Servais P, Gourmelon M, Fach P, Oberlé K, Fournier M, Denamur E, Berthe T. Change in the Structure of Escherichia coli Population and the Pattern of Virulence Genes along a Rural Aquatic Continuum. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:609. [PMID: 28458656 PMCID: PMC5394106 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of the Escherichia coli population, focusing on the occurrence of pathogenic E. coli, in surface water draining a rural catchment. Two sampling campaigns were carried out in similar hydrological conditions (wet period, low flow) along a river continuum, characterized by two opposite density gradients of animals (cattle and wild animals) and human populations. While the abundance of E. coli slightly increased along the river continuum, the abundance of both human and ruminant-associated Bacteroidales markers, as well as the number of E. coli multi-resistant to antibiotics, evidenced a fecal contamination originating from animals at upstream rural sites, and from humans at downstream urban sites. A strong spatial modification of the structure of the E. coli population was observed. At the upstream site close to a forest, a higher abundance of the B2 phylogroup and Escherichia clade strains were observed. At the pasture upstream site, a greater proportion of both E and B1 phylogroups was detected, therefore suggesting a fecal contamination of mainly bovine origin. Conversely, in downstream urban sites, A, D, and F phylogroups were more abundant. To assess the occurrence of intestinal pathogenic strains, virulence factors [afaD, stx1, stx2, eltB (LT), estA (ST), ipaH, bfpA, eae, aaiC and aatA] were screened among 651 E. coli isolates. Intestinal pathogenic strains STEC O174:H21 (stx2) and EHEC O26:H11 (eae, stx1) were isolated in water and sediments close to the pasture site. In contrast, in the downstream urban site aEPEC/EAEC and DAEC of human origin, as well as extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli belonging to clonal group A of D phylogroup, were sampled. Even if the estimated input of STEC (Shiga toxin-producing E. coli) - released in water at the upstream pasture site - at the downstream site was low, we show that STEC could persist in sediment. These results show that, the run-off of small cattle farms contributed, as much as the wastewater effluent, in the dissemination of pathogenic E. coli in both water and sediments, even if the microbiological quality of the water was good or to average quality according to the French water index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Petit
- Normandie Université, UniRouen, UniCaen, CNRS UMR M2CRouen, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, CNRS, EPHE, UMR 7619 METISParis, France
| | - Olivier Clermont
- INSERM UMR1137, IAME, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
| | - Sabine Delannoy
- Université Paris-Est, Anses, Food Safety Laboratory, IdentyPath Platform, Maisons-AlfortFrance
| | - Pierre Servais
- Ecologie des Systèmes Aquatiques, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la PlaineBruxelles, Belgium
| | - Michèle Gourmelon
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, RBE-SG2M-LSEMPlouzané, France
| | - Patrick Fach
- Université Paris-Est, Anses, Food Safety Laboratory, IdentyPath Platform, Maisons-AlfortFrance
| | - Kenny Oberlé
- Normandie Université, UniRouen, UniCaen, CNRS UMR M2CRouen, France
| | | | - Erick Denamur
- INSERM UMR1137, IAME, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
| | - Thierry Berthe
- Normandie Université, UniRouen, UniCaen, CNRS UMR M2CRouen, France
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Xu Y, Bai X, Jin Y, Hu B, Wang H, Sun H, Fan R, Fu S, Xiong Y. High Prevalence of Virulence Genes in Specific Genotypes of Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:109. [PMID: 28421169 PMCID: PMC5378719 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) strains are emerging enteropathogens that have been detected worldwide. A collection of 228 aEPEC strains (121 from diarrheal patients, 27 from healthy carriers, 47 from animals and 33 from raw meats) were investigated for serotypes, virulence gene profiles and phylogenetic relationships. Sixty-six O serogroups were identified. Serogroup O51 was the most prevalent, followed by O119, O26 and O76. For the 20 virulence genes detected, statistically significant differences were observed in the overall prevalence of efa1 (lifA), nleB, nleE, set/ent, paa, and ehxA genes among strains from diarrheal patients, healthy carriers, animals and raw meats, respectively. Strains from diarrheal patients had significantly higher levels of efa1 (lifA) (29.8 vs. 0%, P = 0.0002), nleB (41.3 vs. 7.4%, P = 0.0004), nleE (43.8 vs. 7.4%, P = 0.0002) and set/ent (41.3 vs. 7.4%, P = 0.0004) genes than strains obtained from healthy carriers. The paa gene was identified more often in isolates from raw meats (63.6 vs. 14.8%, P < 0.0001), animals (42.6 vs. 14.8%, P < 0.0122), and diarrheal patients (36.4 vs. 14.8%, P < 0.0225) than in strains obtained from healthy carriers. The ehxA gene was detected more frequently in strains from raw meats than in strains from diarrheal patients (27.3 vs. 2.5%, P = 0.0000) and healthy carriers (27.3 vs. 7.4%, P = 0.0474). The phylogenetic marker, yjaA, was more frequently observed in strains among healthy carriers than in diarrheal patient strains. Among the 228 aEPEC strains, 79 sequence types (STs) were identified. The prominent STs, which comprised strains carrying the four OI-122 genes and lpfA, were ST40, ST328, and ST29. Overall, the results indicate that aEPEC strains isolated in China are highly heterogeneous. aEPEC strains that are potentially more pathogenic appear to be related to specific STs or clonal complexes and serotypes. The high prevalence of diarrhea-associated genes in animal or raw meat strains suggests a zoonotic transmission pathway for potentially human pathogenic aEPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing, China
| | - Xiangning Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing, China
| | - Yujuan Jin
- Longgang Center for Disease Control and PreventionShenzhen, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and PreventionJinan, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Zigong Center for Disease Control and PreventionZigong, China
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing, China
| | - Ruyue Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing, China
| | - Shanshan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing, China
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing, China
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