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Richards PJ, Almutrafy A, Liang L, Flaujac Lafontaine GM, King E, Fish NM, Connerton AJ, Connerton PL, Connerton IF. Prebiotic galactooligosaccharide feed modifies the chicken gut microbiota to efficiently clear Salmonella. mSystems 2024; 9:e0075424. [PMID: 39082804 PMCID: PMC11334501 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00754-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Chicken meat is contaminated with Salmonella from the gut of infected chickens during slaughter. Eradication of Salmonella from broiler chickens through hygiene measures and/or vaccination is not cost-effective; complementary approaches are required. A mature gut microbiota obstructs Salmonella infection in chickens, and deliberate fortification of colonization resistance through prebiotic feed formulations would benefit public health and poultry production. Prebiotic galactooligosaccharides hastens Salmonella clearance from the gut of infected chickens. To better understand the role of galactooligosaccharides in colonization resistance, broiler chickens were raised on a wheat-soybean meal-based feed, with or without galactooligosaccharides for the first 24 days of life. Chickens were orally challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis at 20 days and the effect of supplementary galactooligosaccharides characterized by profiling Salmonella colonization, gut microbiota, innate immune response, and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations. Exposure to dietary galactooligosaccharides shortened the time to clear S. Enteritidis from the ceca. Differential abundance analysis of the cecal microbiota associated Salmonella challenge with a bacterial taxon belonging to the Acidaminococcaceae family (P < 0.005). Increased cecal concentrations of the short-chain fatty acids propionate and valerate were measured in Salmonella-challenged chickens sustained on either control or galactooligosaccharide-supplemented feed relative to mock-challenged controls; but far greater concentrations were detected in chickens fed a galactooligosaccharide-supplemented diet in early life. The abundance of the Acidaminococcaceae taxon exhibited a positive correlation with the cecal concentrations of propionate (ρ = 0.724, P = 0.008) and valerate (ρ = 0.71, P = 0.013). The absence of cecal pro-inflammatory transcriptional responses suggest that the rapid Salmonella clearance observed for the galactooligosaccharide-supplemented diet was not linked to innate immune function. IMPORTANCE Work presented here identifies bacterial taxa responsible for colonization resistance to Salmonella in broiler chickens. Deliberate cultivation of these taxa with prebiotic galactooligosaccharide has potential as a straight-forward, safe, and cost-effective intervention against Salmonella. We hypothesize that catabolism of galactooligosaccharide and its breakdown products by indigenous microorganisms colonizing the chicken gut produce excess levels of propionate. In the absence of gross inflammation, propionate is inimical to Salmonella and hastens intestinal clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J. Richards
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Abeer Almutrafy
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Lu Liang
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Geraldine M. Flaujac Lafontaine
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth King
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Neville M. Fish
- Saputo Dairy UK (c/o Simon Hunt), Saputo Dairy UK Innovation Centre, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, Newport, United Kingdom
| | - Amber J. Connerton
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Phillippa L. Connerton
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Ian F. Connerton
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
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Popov IV, Belkassem N, Schrijver R, Chebotareva IP, Chikindas ML, Ermakov AM, Venema K. Modulation of Poultry Cecal Microbiota by a Phytogenic Blend and High Concentrations of Casein in a Validated In Vitro Cecal Chicken Alimentary Tract Model. Vet Sci 2024; 11:377. [PMID: 39195831 PMCID: PMC11358970 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11080377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytogenic blends (PBs) consist of various bioactive plant-derived compounds that are used as growth promoters for farm animals. Feed additives based on PBs have beneficial effects on farm animals' production performance, health, and overall well-being, as well as positive modulating effects on gut microbiota. In this study, we used a validated in vitro cecal chicken alimentary tract model (CALIMERO-2) to evaluate the effects of a PB (a mix of components found in rosemary, cinnamon, curcuma, oregano oil, and red pepper), alone or in combination with casein (control), on poultry cecal microbiota. Supplementation with the PB significantly increased the abundance of bacteria associated with energy metabolism (Monoglobus) and growth performance in poultry (Lachnospiraceae UCG-010). The PB also decreased the abundance of opportunistic pathogens (Escherichia-Shigella) and, most importantly, did not promote other opportunistic pathogens, which indicates the safety of this blend for poultry. In conclusion, the results of this study show promising perspectives on using PBs as feed additives for poultry, although further in vivo studies need to prove these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V. Popov
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University—Campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands; (N.B.); (K.V.)
- Faculty “Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine” and Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Nouhaila Belkassem
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University—Campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands; (N.B.); (K.V.)
| | - Ruud Schrijver
- Animal Health Concepts BV, 8141 GN Heino, The Netherlands
| | - Iuliia P. Chebotareva
- Faculty “Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine” and Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Michael L. Chikindas
- Faculty “Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine” and Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of General Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey M. Ermakov
- Faculty “Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine” and Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University—Campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands; (N.B.); (K.V.)
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Liu J, Li Y, Shen D, Li X, Wang K, Nagaoka K, Li C. Gut microbiota intervention alleviates pulmonary inflammation in broilers exposed to fine particulate matter from broiler house. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0217423. [PMID: 38656183 PMCID: PMC11107152 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02174-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota of poultry is influenced by a variety of factors, including feed, drinking water, airborne dust, and footpads, among others. Gut microbiota can affect the immune reaction and inflammation in the lungs. To investigate the effect of gut microbiota variation on lung inflammation induced by PM2.5 (fine particulate matter) in broilers, 36 Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly assigned to three groups: control group (CON), PM2.5 exposure group (PM), and PM2.5 exposure plus oral antibiotics group (PMA). We used non-absorbable antibiotics (ABX: neomycin and amikacin) to modify the microbiota composition in the PMA group. The intervention was conducted from the 18th to the 28th day of age. Broilers in the PM and PMA groups were exposed to PM by a systemic exposure method from 21 to 28 days old, and the concentration of PM2.5 was controlled at 2 mg/m3. At 28 days old, the lung injury score, relative mRNA expression of inflammatory factors, T-cell differentiation, and dendritic cell function were significantly increased in the PM group compared to the CON group, and those of the PMA group were significantly decreased compared to the PM group. There were significant differences in both α and β diversity of cecal microbiota among these three groups. Numerous bacterial genera showed significant differences in relative abundance among the three groups. In conclusion, gut microbiota could affect PM2.5-induced lung inflammation in broilers by adjusting the capacity of antigen-presenting cells to activate T-cell differentiation. IMPORTANCE Gut microbes can influence the development of lung inflammation, and fine particulate matter collected from broiler houses can lead to lung inflammation in broilers. In this study, we explored the effect of gut microbes modified by intestinal non-absorbable antibiotics on particulate matter-induced lung inflammation. The results showed that modification in the composition of gut microbiota could alleviate lung inflammation by attenuating the ability of dendritic cells to stimulate T-cell differentiation, which provides a new way to protect lung health in poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junze Liu
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Shen
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chunmei Li
- Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Faldynova M, Prikrylova H, Sebkova A, Volf J, Karasova D, Crhanova M, Babak V, Rychlik I. Contact with adult hens affects the composition of skin and respiratory tract microbiota in newly hatched chicks. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103302. [PMID: 38052128 PMCID: PMC10746563 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chickens in commercial production are hatched in hatcheries without any contact with their parents and colonization of their skin and respiratory tract is therefore dependent on environmental sources only. However, since chickens evolved to be hatched in nests, in this study we evaluated the importance of contact between hens and chicks for the development of chicken skin and tracheal microbiota. Sequencing of PCR amplified V3/V4 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene showed that contact with adult hens decreased the abundance of E. coli, Proteus mirabilis and Clostridium perfringens both in skin and the trachea, and Acinetobacter johnsonii and Cutibacterium acnes in skin microbiota only. These species were replaced by Lactobacillus gallinarum, Lactobacillus aviarius, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, and Streptococcus pasterianus in the skin and tracheal microbiota of contact chicks. Lactobacilli can be therefore investigated for their probiotic effect in respiratory tract in the future. Skin and respiratory microbiota of contact chickens was also enriched for Phascolarctobacterium, Succinatimonas, Flavonifractor, Blautia, and [Ruminococcus] torque though, since these are strict anaerobes from the intestinal tract, it is likely that only DNA from nonviable cells was detected for these taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Faldynova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Prikrylova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Sebkova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Volf
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Karasova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Vladimir Babak
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic.
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