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Pitout JDD, Peirano G, Matsumura Y, DeVinney R, Chen L. Escherichia coli sequence type 410 with carbapenemases: a paradigm shift within E. coli toward multidrug resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0133923. [PMID: 38193668 PMCID: PMC10869336 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01339-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli sequence type ST410 is an emerging carbapenemase-producing multidrug-resistant (MDR) high-risk One-Health clone with the potential to significantly increase carbapenem resistance among E. coli. ST410 belongs to two clades (ST410-A and ST410-B) and three subclades (ST410-B1, ST410-B2, and ST410-B3). After a fimH switch between clades ST410-A and ST410-B1, ST410-B2 and ST410-B3 subclades showed a stepwise progression toward developing MDR. (i) ST410-B2 initially acquired fluoroquinolone resistance (via homologous recombination) in the 1980s. (ii) ST410-B2 then obtained CMY-2, CTX-M-15, and OXA-181 genes on different plasmid platforms during the 1990s. (iii) This was followed by the chromosomal integration of blaCMY-2, fstl YRIN insertion, and ompC/ompF mutations during the 2000s to create the ST410-B3 subclade. (iv) An IncF plasmid "replacement" scenario happened when ST410-B2 transformed into ST410-B3: F36:31:A4:B1 plasmids were replaced by F1:A1:B49 plasmids (both containing blaCTX-M-15) followed by blaNDM-5 incorporation during the 2010s. User-friendly cost-effective methods for the rapid identification of ST410 isolates and clades are needed because limited data are available about the frequencies and global distribution of ST410 clades. Basic mechanistic, evolutionary, surveillance, and clinical studies are urgently required to investigate the success of ST410 (including the ability to acquire successive MDR determinants). Such information will aid with management and prevention strategies to curb the spread of carbapenem-resistant E. coli. The medical community can ill afford to ignore the spread of a global E. coli clone with the potential to end the carbapenem era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann D. D. Pitout
- Cummings School of Medicine, Calcary, Alberta, Canada
- University of Calgary, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Gisele Peirano
- Cummings School of Medicine, Calcary, Alberta, Canada
- University of Calgary, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yasufumi Matsumura
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | | | - Liang Chen
- Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Kyoto, Japan
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall University, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
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Machine Learning Prediction of Resistance to Subinhibitory Antimicrobial Concentrations from Escherichia coli Genomes. mSystems 2021; 6:e0034621. [PMID: 34427505 PMCID: PMC8407197 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00346-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is an important cause of bacterial infections worldwide, with multidrug-resistant strains incurring substantial costs on human lives. Besides therapeutic concentrations of antimicrobials in health care settings, the presence of subinhibitory antimicrobial residues in the environment and in clinics selects for antimicrobial resistance (AMR), but the underlying genetic repertoire is less well understood. Here, we used machine learning to predict the population doubling time and cell growth yield of 1,407 genetically diverse E. coli strains expanding under exposure to three subinhibitory concentrations of six classes of antimicrobials from single-nucleotide genetic variants, accessory gene variation, and the presence of known AMR genes. We predicted cell growth yields in the held-out test data with an average correlation (Spearman's ρ) of 0.63 (0.36 to 0.81 across concentrations) and cell doubling times with an average correlation of 0.59 (0.32 to 0.92 across concentrations), with moderate increases in sample size unlikely to improve predictions further. This finding points to the remaining missing heritability of growth under antimicrobial exposure being explained by effects that are too rare or weak to be captured unless sample size is dramatically increased, or by effects other than those conferred by the presence of individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes. Predictions based on whole-genome information were generally superior to those based only on known AMR genes and were accurate for AMR resistance at therapeutic concentrations. We pinpointed genes and SNPs determining the predicted growth and thereby recapitulated many known AMR determinants. Finally, we estimated the effect sizes of resistance genes across the entire collection of strains, disclosing the growth effects for known resistance genes in each individual strain. Our results underscore the potential of predictive modeling of growth patterns from genomic data under subinhibitory concentrations of antimicrobials, although the remaining missing heritability poses a challenge for achieving the accuracy and precision required for clinical use. IMPORTANCE Predicting bacterial growth from genome sequences is important for a rapid characterization of strains in clinical diagnostics and to disclose candidate novel targets for anti-infective drugs. Previous studies have dissected the relationship between bacterial growth and genotype in mutant libraries for laboratory strains, yet no study so far has examined the predictive power of genome sequence in natural strains. In this study, we used a high-throughput phenotypic assay to measure the growth of a systematic collection of natural Escherichia coli strains and then employed machine learning models to predict bacterial growth from genomic data under nontherapeutic subinhibitory concentrations of antimicrobials that are common in nonclinical settings. We found a moderate to strong correlation between predicted and actual values for the different collected data sets. Moreover, we observed that the known resistance genes are still effective at sublethal concentrations, pointing to clinical implications of these concentrations.
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Salgado-Caxito M, Benavides JA, Adell AD, Paes AC, Moreno-Switt AI. Global prevalence and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing- Escherichia coli in dogs and cats - A scoping review and meta-analysis. One Health 2021; 12:100236. [PMID: 33889706 PMCID: PMC8050393 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a major threat to human and animal health. Part of the AMR dimension is the circulation of extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing-Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli), which is now commonly reported among companion animals. However, the global perspective of the prevalence and population structure of ESBL-E. coli circulating in dogs and cats has not been estimated limiting our understanding of their role in the dissemination of ESBL-E. coli. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of ESBL-E. coli between dogs and cats and across countries through meta-analysis. We also performed a scoping review to summarize the current knowledge on ESBL genes and E. coli clones circulating among companion animals. A total of 128 studies published in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus up to April 2020 were selected and contained information on prevalence and/or molecular characterization of ESBL genes and ESBL-E. coli clones. Our review shows an increase in the number of publications between 2000 and 2019, concentrated mainly in Europe. Prevalence varied across continents, ranging from 0.63% (Oceania) to 16.56% (Africa) in dogs and from 0% (Oceania) to 16.82% (Asia) in cats. Although there were twice as many studies reporting prevalence on dogs (n = 61) than on cats (n = 32), and only 9 studies focused exclusively on cats, our meta-analysis showed no difference in the global prevalence of ESBL-E. coli between dogs (6.87% [95% CI: 4.46-10.45%]) and cats (5.04% [95% CI: 2.42-10.22%]). A considerable diversity of ESBL genes (n = 60) and sequence types (ST) (n = 171) were recovered from companion animals. ESBL-E. coli encoded by CTX-M-15 (67.5%, 77/114) and SHV-12 (21.9%, 25/114), along with resistant strains of ST38 (22.7%, 15/66) and ST131 (50%, 33/66) were widespread and detected in all continents. While presence of ESBL-E. coli is widespread, the drivers influencing the observed ESBL-E. coli prevalence and the clinical relevance in veterinary medicine and public health along with economic impact of ESBL-E. coli infections among companion animals need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Salgado-Caxito
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
| | - Julio A. Benavides
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aiko D. Adell
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Carlos Paes
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea I. Moreno-Switt
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Yossapol M, Yamamoto M, Sugiyama M, Odoi JO, Omatsu T, Mizutani T, Ohya K, Asai T. Association between the blaCTX-M-14-harboring Escherichia coli Isolated from Weasels and Domestic Animals Reared on a University Campus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040432. [PMID: 33924433 PMCID: PMC8069031 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria affect human and animal health worldwide. Here, CTX-M-14-producing Escherichia coli isolates were isolated from Siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica) that were captured on a veterinary campus. To clarify the source of bacteria in the weasels, we examined the domestic animals reared in seven facilities on the campus. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli were isolated on deoxycholate hydrogen sulfide lactose agar, containing cephalexin (50 μg/mL) or cefotaxime (2 μg/mL), and were characterized with antimicrobial susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), replicon typing, and β-lactamase typing analyses. Next-generation sequencing of the ESBL-encoding plasmids was also performed. CTX-M-14 producers isolated from both domestic animals and weasels were classified into six clusters with seven PFGE profiles. The PFGE and antimicrobial resistance profiles were characterized by the animal facility. All CTX-M-14 plasmids belonged to the IncI1 type with a similar size (98.9–99.3 kb), except for one plasmid that was 105.5 kb in length. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) revealed that the CTX-M-14 plasmid in the weasel isolates might have the same origin as the CTX-M-14 plasmid in the domestic animals. Our findings shed further light on the association of antimicrobial resistance between wild and domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montira Yossapol
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 5011193, Japan; (M.Y.); (M.Y.); (M.S.); (J.O.O.); (K.O.)
- Bioveterinary Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - Miku Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 5011193, Japan; (M.Y.); (M.Y.); (M.S.); (J.O.O.); (K.O.)
| | - Michiyo Sugiyama
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 5011193, Japan; (M.Y.); (M.Y.); (M.S.); (J.O.O.); (K.O.)
| | - Justice Opare Odoi
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 5011193, Japan; (M.Y.); (M.Y.); (M.S.); (J.O.O.); (K.O.)
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 1838538, Japan; (T.O.); (T.M.)
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 1838538, Japan; (T.O.); (T.M.)
| | - Kenji Ohya
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 5011193, Japan; (M.Y.); (M.Y.); (M.S.); (J.O.O.); (K.O.)
| | - Tetsuo Asai
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 5011193, Japan; (M.Y.); (M.Y.); (M.S.); (J.O.O.); (K.O.)
- Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University, Gifu 5011193, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-58-293-229
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Yossapol M, Suzuki K, Odoi JO, Sugiyama M, Usui M, Asai T. Persistence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase plasmids among Enterobacteriaceae in commercial broiler farms. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:712-718. [PMID: 32761971 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the persistence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, 13 plasmids from two broiler farms were analyzed. On the farm not using antimicrobials, one plasmid from Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from a day-old chick was similar to that from Escherichia coli isolated a year later, with the deletion of two transposons. On the farm using antimicrobials, most circulating plasmids (eight out of nine) in a flock of 40-days-old chicks were identical, although one from K. pneumoniae had a deletion of a transposon carrying a class 1 integron containing aadA2 and dfrA12. Thus, ESBL plasmids persisted in the farms with or without antimicrobial agent use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montira Yossapol
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Office of Academic Affairs, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Kasumi Suzuki
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Justice Opare Odoi
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Michiyo Sugiyama
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masaru Usui
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Asai
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Traits in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase/AmpC-producing (ESBL/AmpC) Enterobacteriaceae from Humans and Pets. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9040152. [PMID: 32244399 PMCID: PMC7235867 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We investigated the virulence factors, genes, antibiotic resistance patterns, and genotypes (VRE and ESBL/AmpC) production in Enterococci and Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from fecal samples of humans, dogs, and cats. Methods: A total of 100 fecal samples from 50 humans, 25 dogs, and 25 cats were used in the study. MICs of nine antimicrobials were determined using the broth microdilution method. Polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of genes responsible for antibiotic resistance (VRE and ESBL/AmpC) and virulence genes both in Enterococcus species, such as cytolysin (cylA, cylB, cylM), aggregation substance (agg), gelatinase (gelE), enterococcal surface protein (esp), cell wall adhesins (efaAfs and efaAfm), and in Enterobacteriaceae, such as cytolysin (hemolysin) and gelatinase production (afa, cdt, cnf1, hlyA, iutA, papC, sfa). Results: Enterococcus faecium was the most prevalent species in humans and cats, whereas Enterococcus faecalis was the species isolated in the remaining samples. A total of 200 Enterobacteriaceae strains were also detected, mainly from humans, and Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated species in all types of samples. In the Enterococcus spp, the highest percentages of resistance for ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, erythromycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, teicoplanin, and vancomycin were detected in cat isolates (41.6%, 52.8%, 38.9%, 23.6%, 62.5%, 20.8%, and 23.6% respectively), and in E. coli, a higher rate of resistance to cefotaxime and ceftazidime emerged in cat and dog samples, if compared with humans (75.4% and 66.0%, 80.0% and 71.4%, and 32.0% and 27.2%, respectively). Regarding the total number of enterococci, 5% and 3.4% of the strains were vancomycin and teicoplanin resistant, and the vancomycin resistance (van A) gene has been detected in all samples by PCR amplification. All the Enterobacteriaceae strains were confirmed as ESBL producers by PCR and sequencing, and the most frequent ESBL genes in E. coli strains from humans and pet samples were blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-15. Conclusions: Our results provide evidence that one or more virulence factors were present in both genera, underlining again the ability of pet strains to act as pathogens.
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Sukmawinata E, Uemura R, Sato W, Mitoma S, Kanda T, Sueyoshi M. IncI1 Plasmid Associated with blaCTX-M-2 Transmission in ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Healthy Thoroughbred Racehorse, Japan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9020070. [PMID: 32046117 PMCID: PMC7167754 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (ESBLEC) were isolated from healthy Thoroughbred racehorse feces samples in Japan. Some ESBL genes were predicted to be located on the conjugative plasmid. PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) is a useful method to monitor and detect the association of replicons with specific plasmid-borne resistant genes. This study aimed to evaluate the plasmid replicon associated with ESBLEC isolated from healthy Thoroughbred racehorses at Japan Racing Association Training Centers in Japan. A total of 24 ESBLECs isolated from 23 (10.8%) individual Thoroughbred racehorse feces samples were used in this study. ESBL gene transfer was performed using a conjugation assay. Then, replicon types of ESBLEC isolates and their transconjugants were determined using PBRT. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed to look at the clonality of the ESBLECs isolates. ESBLECs were detected from 10.8% of healthy Thoroughbred racehorses. The blaCTX-M-2 was identified as the dominant type of ESBL gene, followed by blaCTX-M-1 and blaTEM-116. In this study, only the blaCTX-M-2 and the IncI1 plasmid were transferred to transconjugants. The PFGE results showed that ESBL genes were distributed in diversity of ESBLECs. This finding suggested that the IncI1 plasmid was associated with the dissemination of blaCTX-M-2 in Thoroughbred racehorses in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy Sukmawinata
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; (E.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Ryoko Uemura
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan;
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-985-58-7283
| | - Wataru Sato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan;
| | - Shuya Mitoma
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; (E.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Takuya Kanda
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; (E.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Masuo Sueyoshi
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; (E.S.); (S.M.); (T.K.); (M.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan;
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Mondal AH, Siddiqui MT, Sultan I, Haq QMR. Prevalence and diversity of blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M variants among multidrug resistant Klebsiella spp. from an urban riverine environment in India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2019; 29:117-129. [PMID: 30185065 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2018.1515425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we have investigated prevalence and diversity of ESBL genes among Klebsiella isolates obtained from highly polluted stretch of river Yamuna, India. Phenotypic screenings of 116 Klebsiella isolates revealed ~30% were positive for ESBL production. Antibiotic profiling showed multidrug resistance phenotype among 90% isolates. Prevalence of blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M genes were found to be 57, 54 and 48% respectively. Furthermore, we identified eight variants of blaSHV (SHV-1, SHV-11, SHV-27, SHV-28, SHV-38, SHV-61, SHV-144, SHV-148), three each of blaTEM (TEM-1, TEM-116, TEM-206) and blaCTX-M (CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-188) among Klebsiella spp. Co-occurrence of blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M (any two or all three) was observed among 45% Klebsiella isolates. Occurrence of blaCTX-M-188 and blaTEM-206 in environmental isolates of K. pneumoniae has not been reported earlier. Identification of blaTEM-206, blaSHV-27 and blaSHV-144 from Klebsiella spp. and blaTEM-116 from K. quasipneumoniae and K. variicola is the first report from India.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Insha Sultan
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Co-occurrence of clinically relevant β-lactamases and MCR-1 encoding genes in Escherichia coli from companion animals in Argentina. Vet Microbiol 2019; 230:228-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Detection of Extended-Spectrum ß-lactamases Production by Escherichia coli: A Phenotypic Comparative Study. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.4.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Ranjbar R, Tolon SS, Zayeri S, Sami M. The Frequency of Antibiotic Resistance and ESBLs Among Clinically Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Isolated from Patients in a Major Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Open Microbiol J 2018; 12:254-260. [PMID: 30197699 PMCID: PMC6110056 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801812010254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics limits treatment options, increases morbidity and mortality, and raises the risk of antibiotic-associated adverse events. Antibacterial resistance emerges rapidly following an increase in the consumption of antibiotics against infectious diseases. The spread of ESBL producing strains has a limiting factor based on antibiotic function for the treatment of infections particularly caused by Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii). Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and distribution of blaTEM, blaCTX, and blaSHV genes among A. baumannii strains isolated from clinical samples at a major hospital in Teheran, Iran. Methods: A. baumannii strains were isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods. The disc diffusion and combined discs methods were used for testing antimicrobial susceptibility and to identify the strains producing Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL), respectively. DNA extraction was done by boiling method. Finally, the frequency of resistant genes including blaTEM, blaCTX, and blaSHV in ESBL producing isolates was studied by PCR. Results: Gender distribution in this study was 53 (53%) samples for men and 47 (47%) for women. Totally, one hundred A. baumannii strains were isolated. More than 93% of the isolates were multi drug resistant. The highest to lowest antibiotic resistance was observed against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (98%), ceftriaxone (96%), cefotaxime (94%), and ceftazidime (93%), respectively. The frequency of positive phenotypic test of ESBL was 19% and 16% for CAZ-C and CTX-C, respectively. The frequency of blaTEM, blaCTX, and blaSHV genes was 52.1, 43.4, and 21.7, respectively. Conclusion: A. baumannii isolates exhibited an extremely worrying level of antibiotic resistance, and a high percentage of the isolates showed MDR in this study. This is a serious warning because ESBLs are a major threat to the effectiveness of antibiotics that are currently available for medical uses. The frequency of genes encoded ESBL isolates of A. baumannii may be due to overuse and misuse of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad S Tolon
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Zayeri
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Sami
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Alonso CA, Cortés-Cortés G, Maamar E, Massó M, Rocha-Gracia RDC, Torres C, Centrón D, Quiroga MP. Molecular diversity and conjugal transferability of class 2 integrons among Escherichia coli isolates from food, animal and human sources. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 51:905-911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Alonso CA, Michael GB, Li J, Somalo S, Simón C, Wang Y, Kaspar H, Kadlec K, Torres C, Schwarz S. Analysis of blaSHV-12-carrying Escherichia coli clones and plasmids from human, animal and food sources. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:1589-1596. [PMID: 28333184 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed at characterizing 23 Escherichia coli isolates from various sources and their respective bla SHV-12 -carrying plasmids and sequencing one of these plasmids completely. Methods Isolates were typed by XbaI-PFGE, MLST and PCR-based phylotyping. Transformed bla SHV-12 -carrying plasmids were examined by replicon typing, S1-nuclease, conjugation, EcoRI-HindIII-BamHI digests and plasmid MLST. Co-located resistance genes and integrons as well as the bla SHV-12 genetic environment were analysed by PCR and sequencing. One IncI1 plasmid was sequenced completely using HiSeq 2500 and gap closure by PCRs and Sanger sequencing. Results Among the 23 SHV-12-positive E. coli , some isolates from different sources showed the same characteristics: ST23/phylogroup A (human, dog, livestock), ST57/D (wild bird, chicken meat) and ST117/D (chicken meat, chicken). All bla SHV-12 genes were horizontally transferable via 30-120 kb plasmids of incompatibility groups IncI1 ( n = 17), IncK ( n = 3), IncF ( n = 1), IncX3 ( n = 1) and a non-typeable plasmid. IncK plasmids, indistinguishable in size and restriction patterns, were found in isolates from different sources (ST57/D, meat; ST131/B2, meat; ST57/B1, dog). The IncI1- bla SHV-12 -carrying plasmids were mostly assigned to plasmid ST (pST) 26 and pST3. Three plasmids showed novel pSTs (pST214, pST215). The majority of the IncI1 transformants exhibited resistance to β-lactams, chloramphenicol and streptomycin (in relation with a class 1 integron containing an estX - psp - aadA2 - cmlA1 - aadA1 - qacI gene cassette array), and to tetracycline. A novel bla SHV-12 environment was detected and whole plasmid sequencing revealed a Tn 21 -derived- bla SHV12 -ΔTn 1721 resistance complex. Conclusions Results from this study suggest that the dissemination of bla SHV-12 genes occurs by vertical (clonal) and horizontal transfer, the latter mainly mediated through IncI1 multidrug-resistance plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Andrea Alonso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Geovana Brenner Michael
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre of Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany.,College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sergio Somalo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Simón
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Heike Kaspar
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Kadlec
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
| | - Carmen Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre of Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Ranjbar R, Sami M. Genetic Investigation of Beta-Lactam Associated Antibiotic Resistance Among Escherichia Coli Strains Isolated from Water Sources. Open Microbiol J 2017; 11:203-210. [PMID: 29151997 PMCID: PMC5678241 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801711010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance is an important factor threatening human health. It is widely accepted that antibiotic resistant bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) released from humans and animals into the water sources, can introduce their resistance genes into the natural bacterial community. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of blaTEM, blaCTX, blaSHV, blaOXA and blaVEB associated-antibiotic resistance among E. coli bacteria isolated from different water resources in Iran. Methods: The study contained all E. coli strains segregated from different surface water sources. The Kirby-Bauer method and combined discs method was determined in this study for testing antimicrobial susceptibility and strains that produced Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBL), respectively. DNA extraction kit was applied for genomic and plasmid DNA derivation. Finally the frequency of resistant genes including blaTEM, blaCTX, blaSHV, blaOXA and blaVEB in ESBL producing isolates were studied by PCR. Results: One hundred E. coli strains were isolated and entered in the study. The highest antibiotic resistance was observed on clindamycin (96%). Moreover, 38.5% isolates were ESBL producers. The frequency of different ESBLs genes were 37%, 27%, 27%, and 25% for blaTEM, blaCTX, blaSHV, and blaOXA, respectively. The blaVEB wasn’t found in any isolates. Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of CTX-M, TEM, SHV and OXA genes among E. coli strains in surface water resources. In conclusion, these results raised a concern regarding the presence and distribution of these threatening factors in surface water sources and its subsequent outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Sami
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Alonso CA, Alcalá L, Simón C, Torres C. Novel sequence types of extended-spectrum and acquired AmpC beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Escherichia clade V isolated from wild mammals. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 93:4004838. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Kimura A, Yossapol M, Shibata S, Asai T. Selection of broad-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli in the feces of healthy dogs after administration of first-generation cephalosporins. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 61:34-41. [PMID: 28111794 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although antimicrobial products are essential for treating diseases caused by bacteria, antimicrobial treatment selects for antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of administration of first-generation cephalosporins on development of resistant Escherichia coli in dog feces. The proportions of cephalexin (LEX)-resistant E. coli in fecal samples of three healthy dogs treated i.v. with cefazolin before castration and then orally with LEX for 3 days post-operation (PO) were examined using DHL agar with or without LEX (50 µg/mL). LEX-resistant E. coli were found within 3 days PO, accounted for 100% of all identified E. coli 3-5 days PO in all dogs, and were predominantly found until 12 days PO. LEX-resistant E. coli isolates on DHL agar containing LEX were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotyping, β-lactamase typing and plasmid profiling. All isolates tested exhibited cefotaxime (CTX) resistance (CTX minimal inhibitory concentration ≥4 µg/mL). Seven PFGE profiles were classified into five groups and three β-lactamase combinations (blaCMY-4 -blaTEM-1 , blaTEM-1 -blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-1 -blaCTX-M-15 -blaCMY-4 ). All isolates exhibited identical PFGE profiles in all dogs on four days PO and subsequently showed divergent PFGE profiles. Our results indicate there are two selection periods for AMR bacteria resulting from the use of antimicrobials. Thus, continuing hygiene practices are necessary to prevent AMR bacteria transfer via dog feces after antimicrobial administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Montira Yossapol
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Sanae Shibata
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Asai
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Upadhyay S, Joshi SR. TEM mediated extended spectrum cephalosporin resistance in clinical & environmental isolates of Gram negative bacilli: A report from northeast India. Indian J Med Res 2016; 142:614-7. [PMID: 26658599 PMCID: PMC4743351 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.171294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - S R Joshi
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793 022, Meghalaya, India
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18
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Valat C, Forest K, Billet M, Polizzi C, Saras E, Madec JY, Haenni M. Absence of co-localization between pathovar-associated virulence factors and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (blaCTX-M) genes on a single plasmid. Vet Microbiol 2016; 192:163-166. [PMID: 27527778 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) were reported in virulent food-borne Escherichia coli clones, and numerous genes encoding ESBLs and virulence factors (VFs) are plasmid-mediated. We investigated the plasmidic co-localization of ESBL genes and pathovar-associated VF genes isolated in 18 E. coli isolates from faecal samples of diseased cattle. From the rare ESBL-producing E. coli among the various pathovars, no plasmid co-localization was found between VF and blaCTX-M genes on a single plasmid. However, a link between replicon types and VFs was highlighted: EspP was associated with IncFIB and ToxB with IncB/O. Associations of IncF alleles to VF or CTX-M-types were also identified: CS31A was linked to the allele FIB38 and CTX-M-14 to IncFII2. Also, as illustrated here, IncFII and IncFIB were carried by two different plasmids in a single cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Valat
- Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France.
| | - Karine Forest
- Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Méganne Billet
- Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Charlène Polizzi
- Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Estelle Saras
- Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
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Schauss T, Glaeser SP, Gütschow A, Dott W, Kämpfer P. Improved detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in input and output samples of German biogas plants by a selective pre-enrichment procedure. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119791. [PMID: 25799434 PMCID: PMC4370489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli was investigated in input (manure from livestock husbandry) and output samples of six German biogas plants in 2012 (one sampling per biogas plant) and two German biogas plants investigated in an annual cycle four times in 2013/2014. ESBL-producing Escherichia coli were cultured by direct plating on CHROMagar ESBL from input samples in the range of 100 to 104 colony forming units (CFU) per g dry weight but not from output sample. This initially indicated a complete elimination of ESBL-producing E. coli by the biogas plant process. Detected non target bacteria were assigned to the genera Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Bordetella, Achromobacter, Castellaniella, and Ochrobactrum. A selective pre-enrichment procedure increased the detection efficiency of ESBL-producing E. coli in input samples and enabled the detection in five of eight analyzed output samples. In total 119 ESBL-producing E. coli were isolated from input and 46 from output samples. Most of the E. coli isolates carried CTX-M-type and/or TEM-type beta lactamases (94%), few SHV-type beta lactamase (6%). Sixty-four blaCTX-M genes were characterized more detailed and assigned mainly to CTX-M-groups 1 (85%) and 9 (13%), and one to group 2. Phylogenetic grouping of 80 E. coli isolates showed that most were assigned to group A (71%) and B1 (27%), only one to group D (2%). Genomic fingerprinting and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) showed a high clonal diversity with 41 BOX-types and 19 ST-types. The two most common ST-types were ST410 and ST1210. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 46 selected ESBL-producing E. coli revealed that several isolates were additionally resistant to other veterinary relevant antibiotics and some grew on CHROMagar STEC but shiga-like toxine (SLT) genes were not detected. Resistance to carbapenems was not detected. In summary the study showed for the first time the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in output samples of German biogas plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Schauss
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, IFZ-Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, D-35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefanie P. Glaeser
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, IFZ-Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, D-35390, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail: (SPG); (PK)
| | - Alexandra Gütschow
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, IFZ-Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, D-35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dott
- Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, D-52057, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Kämpfer
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, IFZ-Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, D-35390, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail: (SPG); (PK)
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20
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Wang J, Stephan R, Zurfluh K, Hächler H, Fanning S. Characterization of the genetic environment of bla ESBL genes, integrons and toxin-antitoxin systems identified on large transferrable plasmids in multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2015; 5:716. [PMID: 25610429 PMCID: PMC4285173 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Previously 14 conjugative plasmids from multi-drug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli from healthy humans and food-producing animals in Switzerland were sequenced. The aim of this study was to extend the genetic characterization of these plasmids with a focus on blaESBL genes including blaCTX-M-1 and blaTEM, class 1 integrons and toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems contained therein. Methods: The nucleotide sequences and subsequent annotation therein of 14 conjugative plasmids were previously determined from their corresponding transconjugants. The TA loci were confirmed by RASTA-Bacteria. Results: Eight of the conjugative plasmids identified were found to encode genes expressing ESBLs. Structural heterogeneity was noted in the regions flanking both the blaCTX-M-1 and blaTEM genes. The blaCTX-M-1 genes were associated with the common insertion sequences ISEcp1 and IS26, and uniquely with an IS5 element in one case; while blaTEM genes were found to be associated with IS26 and Tn2. A new blaTEM-210 gene was identified. Seven class 1 integrons were also identified and assigned into 3 groups, denoted as In54, In369 and In501. Sixteen TA loci belonging to 4 of the TA gene families (relBE, vapBC, ccd and mazEF) were identified on 11 of these plasmids. Conclusions: Comparative sequence analysis of these plasmids provided data on the structures likely to contribute to sequence diversity associated with these accessory genes, including IS26, ISEcp1 and Tn2. All of them contribute to the dissemination of the corresponding resistance genes located on the different plasmids. There appears to be no association between β-lactam encoding genes and TA systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- UCD Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Zurfluh
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Herbert Hächler
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin Dublin, Ireland ; School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast Belfast, UK
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21
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Valentin L, Sharp H, Hille K, Seibt U, Fischer J, Pfeifer Y, Michael GB, Nickel S, Schmiedel J, Falgenhauer L, Friese A, Bauerfeind R, Roesler U, Imirzalioglu C, Chakraborty T, Helmuth R, Valenza G, Werner G, Schwarz S, Guerra B, Appel B, Kreienbrock L, Käsbohrer A. Subgrouping of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli from animal and human sources: an approach to quantify the distribution of ESBL types between different reservoirs. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:805-16. [PMID: 25213631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia (E.) coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are an increasing problem for public health. The success of ESBLs may be due to spread of ESBL-producing bacterial clones, transfer of ESBL gene-carrying plasmids or exchange of ESBL encoding genes on mobile elements. This makes it difficult to identify transmission routes and sources for ESBL-producing bacteria. The objectives of this study were to compare the distribution of genotypic and phenotypic properties of E. coli isolates from different animal and human sources collected in studies in the scope of the national research project RESET. ESBL-producing E. coli from two longitudinal and four cross-sectional studies in broiler, swine and cattle farms, a cross-sectional and a case-control study in humans and diagnostic isolates from humans and animals were used. In the RESET consortium, all laboratories followed harmonized methodologies for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, confirmation of the ESBL phenotype, specific PCR assays for the detection of bla(TEM), bla(CTX), and bla(SHV) genes and sequence analysis of the complete ESBL gene as well as a multiplex PCR for the detection of the four major phylogenetic groups of E. coli. Most ESBL genes were found in both, human and non-human populations but quantitative differences for distinct ESBL-types were detectable. The enzymes CTX-M-1 (63.3% of all animal isolates, 29.3% of all human isolates), CTX-M-15 (17.7% vs. 48.0%) and CTX-M-14 (5.3% vs. 8.7%) were the most common ones. More than 70% of the animal isolates and more than 50% of the human isolates contained the broadly distributed ESBL genes bla(CTX-M-1), bla(CTX-M-15), or the combinations bla(SHV-12)+bla(TEM) or bla(CTX-M-1)+bla(TEM). While the majority of animal isolates carried bla(CTX-M-1) (37.5%) or the combination bla(CTX-M-1)+bla(TEM) (25.8%), this was the case for only 16.7% and 12.6%, respectively, of the human isolates. In contrast, 28.2% of the human isolates carried bla(CTX-M-15) compared to 10.8% of the animal isolates. When grouping data by ESBL types and phylogroups bla(CTX-M-1) genes, mostly combined with phylogroup A or B1, were detected frequently in all settings. In contrast, bla(CTX-M-15) genes common in human and animal populations were mainly combined with phylogroup A, but not with the more virulent phylogroup B2 with the exception of companion animals, where a few isolates were detectable. When E. coli subtype definition included ESBL types, phylogenetic grouping and antimicrobial susceptibility data, the proportion of isolates allocated to common clusters was markedly reduced. Nevertheless, relevant proportions of same subtypes were detected in isolates from the human and livestock and companion animal populations included in this study, suggesting exchange of bacteria or bacterial genes between these populations or a common reservoir. In addition, these results clearly showed that there is some similarity between ESBL genes, and bacterial properties in isolates from the different populations. Finally, our current approach provides good insight into common and population-specific clusters, which can be used as a basis for the selection of ESBL-producing isolates from interesting clusters for further detailed characterizations, e.g. by whole genome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Valentin
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannah Sharp
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Hille
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO-Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Uwe Seibt
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jennie Fischer
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvonne Pfeifer
- Robert Koch Institute, FG13 Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance, Wernigerode, Germany
| | | | - Silke Nickel
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Judith Schmiedel
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partnersite Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Campus Giessen, Germany
| | - Linda Falgenhauer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partnersite Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Campus Giessen, Germany
| | - Anika Friese
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rolf Bauerfeind
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Can Imirzalioglu
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partnersite Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Campus Giessen, Germany
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partnersite Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Campus Giessen, Germany
| | - Reiner Helmuth
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Guido Werner
- Robert Koch Institute, FG13 Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
| | - Beatriz Guerra
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Appel
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lothar Kreienbrock
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO-Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annemarie Käsbohrer
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany.
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Fischer J, Rodríguez I, Baumann B, Guiral E, Beutin L, Schroeter A, Kaesbohrer A, Pfeifer Y, Helmuth R, Guerra B. bla CTX-M-15-carrying Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates from livestock and food in Germany. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:2951-8. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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23
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Dolejska M, Villa L, Minoia M, Guardabassi L, Carattoli A. Complete sequences of IncHI1 plasmids carrying blaCTX-M-1 and qnrS1 in equine Escherichia coli provide new insights into plasmid evolution. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:2388-93. [PMID: 24862095 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the structure of two multidrug-resistant IncHI1 plasmids carrying blaCTX-M-1 in Escherichia coli isolates disseminated in an equine clinic in the Czech Republic. METHODS A complete nucleotide sequencing of 239 kb IncHI1 (pEQ1) and 287 kb IncHI1/X1 (pEQ2) plasmids was performed using the 454-Genome Sequencer FLX system. The sequences were compared using bioinformatic tools with other sequenced IncHI1 plasmids. RESULTS A comparative analysis of pEQ1 and pEQ2 identified high nucleotide identity with the IncHI1 type 2 plasmids. A novel 24 kb module containing an operon involved in short-chain fructooligosaccharide uptake and metabolism was found in the pEQ backbones. The role of the pEQ plasmids in the metabolism of short-chain fructooligosaccharides was demonstrated by studying the growth of E. coli cells in the presence of these sugars. The module containing the blaCTX-M-1 gene was formed by a truncated macrolide resistance cluster and flanked by IS26 as previously observed in IncI1 and IncN plasmids. The IncHI1 plasmid changed size and gained the quinolone resistance gene qnrS1 as a result of IS26-mediated fusion with an IncX1 plasmid. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight the structure and evolution of IncHI1 from equine E. coli. A plasmid-mediated sugar metabolic element could play a key role in strain fitness, contributing to the successful dissemination and maintenance of these plasmids in the intestinal microflora of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dolejska
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Laura Villa
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Minoia
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Luca Guardabassi
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Alessandra Carattoli
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Rubin JE, Pitout JD. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase, carbapenemase and AmpC producing Enterobacteriaceae in companion animals. Vet Microbiol 2014; 170:10-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Genotyping of ESBL Producing Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in West of Iran. Int J Microbiol 2014; 2014:276941. [PMID: 24839441 PMCID: PMC4009276 DOI: 10.1155/2014/276941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in the world. Molecular fingerprinting of UTI isolates such as pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis using for Clonal distribution and determine of predominant type. The aim of the study was to determine genotyping of ESBL producing UPECs. Material and Methods. 200 UPEC isolates from outpatients with UTI were obtained. Antimicrobial susceptibility and interpretation were performed by disk diffusion. Virulence factors for UPECs were screened by using PCR. UPECs were analyzed by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and images analyzed by Phoretix1DPro software. Results. A total of 200 isolates of UPECs, 24.5% (n = 49) of isolates, were positive for ESBL production. Resistance ranged from 0% for amikacin and imipenem to over 93.9% for carbenicillin and ampicillin. Frequencies of haemagglutination, haemolysin, and hydrophobicity were 51%, 18.3%, and 14.28%, respectively. A total of 10 different genotypes were obtained, which include nine common clones and one single clone. Conclusion. We confirmed the prevalence of virulence phenotyping especially Haemagglutination among UPEC strains and that it can also contribute to virulence in these strains. Large diversity in genotypes was observed in the isolates that could be indicative of different sources of infection in community acquired.
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Wu G, Day MJ, Mafura MT, Nunez-Garcia J, Fenner JJ, Sharma M, van Essen-Zandbergen A, Rodríguez I, Dierikx C, Kadlec K, Schink AK, Wain J, Helmuth R, Guerra B, Schwarz S, Threlfall J, Woodward MJ, Woodford N, Coldham N, Mevius D. Comparative analysis of ESBL-positive Escherichia coli isolates from animals and humans from the UK, The Netherlands and Germany. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75392. [PMID: 24086522 PMCID: PMC3784421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The putative virulence and antimicrobial resistance gene contents of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive E. coli (n=629) isolated between 2005 and 2009 from humans, animals and animal food products in Germany, The Netherlands and the UK were compared using a microarray approach to test the suitability of this approach with regard to determining their similarities. A selection of isolates (n=313) were also analysed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Isolates harbouring blaCTX-M-group-1 dominated (66%, n=418) and originated from both animals and cases of human infections in all three countries; 23% (n=144) of all isolates contained both blaCTX-M-group-1 and blaOXA-1-like genes, predominantly from humans (n=127) and UK cattle (n=15). The antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene profiles of this collection of isolates were highly diverse. A substantial number of human isolates (32%, n=87) did not share more than 40% similarity (based on the Jaccard coefficient) with animal isolates. A further 43% of human isolates from the three countries (n=117) were at least 40% similar to each other and to five isolates from UK cattle and one each from Dutch chicken meat and a German dog; the members of this group usually harboured genes such as mph(A), mrx, aac(6’)-Ib, catB3, blaOXA-1-like and blaCTX-M-group-1. forty-four per cent of the MLST-typed isolates in this group belonged to ST131 (n=18) and 22% to ST405 (n=9), all from humans. Among animal isolates subjected to MLST (n=258), only 1.2% (n=3) were more than 70% similar to human isolates in gene profiles and shared the same MLST clonal complex with the corresponding human isolates. The results suggest that minimising human-to-human transmission is essential to control the spread of ESBL-positive E. coli in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Wu
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA, Weybridge), Addlestone, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Muriel T. Mafura
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA, Weybridge), Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Nunez-Garcia
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA, Weybridge), Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Jackie J. Fenner
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA, Weybridge), Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Meenaxi Sharma
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA, Weybridge), Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Alieda van Essen-Zandbergen
- Department of Bacteriology and TSEs, Central Veterinary Institute (CVI) of Wageningen, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Irene Rodríguez
- Department of Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Cindy Dierikx
- Department of Bacteriology and TSEs, Central Veterinary Institute (CVI) of Wageningen, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Kristina Kadlec
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Schink
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
| | - John Wain
- Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Reiner Helmuth
- Department of Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Guerra
- Department of Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
| | | | - Martin J. Woodward
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA, Weybridge), Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nick Coldham
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA, Weybridge), Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Dik Mevius
- Department of Bacteriology and TSEs, Central Veterinary Institute (CVI) of Wageningen, Lelystad, the Netherlands
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Hordijk J, Schoormans A, Kwakernaak M, Duim B, Broens E, Dierikx C, Mevius D, Wagenaar JA. High prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in cats and dogs. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:242. [PMID: 23966992 PMCID: PMC3745002 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC producing Enterobacteriaceae have been reported worldwide amongst isolates obtained from humans, food-producing animals, companion animals, and environmental sources. However, data on prevalence of fecal carriage of ESBL/AmpC producing Enterobacteriaceae in healthy companion animals is limited. This pilot study describes the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC encoding genes in healthy cats and dogs, and cats and dogs with diarrhea. Twenty fecal samples of each group were cultured on MacConkey agar supplemented with 1 mg/L cefotaxime and in LB-enrichment broth supplemented with 1 mg/L cefotaxime, which was subsequently inoculated on MacConkey agar supplemented with 1 mg/L cefotaxime. ESBL/AmpC genes were identified using the Check-Points CT103 micro array kit and subsequently by sequencing analysis. Chromosomal ampC promoter mutations were detected by PCR and sequencing analysis. From the healthy and diarrheic dogs, respectively 45 and 55% were positive for Escherichia coli with reduced susceptibility for cefotaxime. From the healthy and diarrheic cats, the estimated prevalence was respectively 0 and 25%. One diarrheic cat was positive for both reduced susceptible E.coli and Proteus mirabilis. The ESBL/AmpC genes found in this study were mainly blaCTX-M-1, but also blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-52-StPaul, blaSHV-12, and blaCMY-2 were detected. This pilot study showed that the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC producing Enterobacteriaceae in healthy and diarrheic dogs, and diarrheic cats was relatively high. Furthermore, the genes found were similar to those found in isolates of both human and food-producing animal origin. However, since the size of this study was relatively small, extrapolation of the data to the general population of cats and dogs should be done with great care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Hordijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Utrecht, Netherlands
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Wang J, Stephan R, Karczmarczyk M, Yan Q, Hächler H, Fanning S. Molecular characterization of bla ESBL-harboring conjugative plasmids identified in multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from food-producing animals and healthy humans. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:188. [PMID: 23874325 PMCID: PMC3708134 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-encoding genes are frequently mapped to plasmids, yet few of these structures have been characterized at the molecular level, to date. Methods: Eighty-seven ESBL-producing Escherichia coli were isolated from fecal samples of food-producing animals and healthy humans in Switzerland from 2009 to 2011. Plasmid DNA of all isolates was purified. Broth mating assays were carried out individually for 32 isolates to determine if the ESBL marker could be transferred by conjugation. The plasmid sizes were determined by S1-nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and the plasmids were typed by PCR-based replicon typing. Susceptibility tests by disk diffusion followed with a re-analysis S1-nuclease PFGE and PCRs were performed to confirm plasmid transfer. Microarray was performed to detect additional antibiotic resistance markers and multi-locus sequence typing was also performed in selected donor strains. The phylotypes were identified by triplex PCR. Results: About half (n = 46) of the 87 isolates carried small (<20-kb) plasmids. All selected 32 isolates contained large plasmids (ranging in sizes from 20- to 600-kb). Eleven plasmid replicon types were detected. Of these, IncFIA (n = 5), IncFIB (n = 9), and IncK/B (n = 4) were common. Nine isolates demonstrated the ability to transfer their cefotaxime resistance marker at high transfer rates. Plasmid profile re-analysis of these transconjugants identified 16 plasmids. IncFIB and IncI1 were the most prevalent replicon types. Phylogenetic grouping showed that five of the nine donor strains belonged to phylogroup B1. Nine different sequence types were identified in nine tested donor strains. Conclusion: Characterization of these ESBL-encoding conjugative plasmids extends our understanding on these resistance markers in multi-drug resistant E. coli cultured from healthy human and animal sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- UCD Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, UCD Centre for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, University College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
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Rodrigues C, Machado E, Peixe L, Novais A. IncI1/ST3 and IncN/ST1 plasmids drive the spread of blaTEM-52 and blaCTX-M-1/-32 in diverse Escherichia coli clones from different piggeries. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:2245-8. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Tissera S, Lee SM. Isolation of Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) Producing Bacteria from Urban Surface Waters in Malaysia. Malays J Med Sci 2013; 20:14-22. [PMID: 23966820 PMCID: PMC3743977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This was a preliminary study to test for the presence of multiple antibiotic-resistant extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria in Malaysian urban surface waters. Although the literature review revealed several published papers on clinical ESBL isolates in Malaysia, none were found on ESBL isolates obtained from local surface waters. METHODS Isolated bacterial species were tested for resistance to cefotaxime, amoxicillin/clavulanate and aztreonam, and susceptibility to imipenem and meropenem using antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) by disc diffusion. This served as a screening step to detect bacteria that could be potential ESBL species. 16S ribose ribonucleic acid (rRNA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing with two clusters of bla (β-lactamase) gene primers was used to test for the bla genes CTX-M (Groups 1, 2, 9), OXA-1, SHV and TEM. RESULTS A total of 19 isolates were found, possessing at least one of the bla genes tested for. There was a relatively high occurrence of CTX-M genes (84.2%) among these, followed by TEM genes (47.4%). The isolates were identified as Enterobacteriaceae (89.5%), predominantly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. CONCLUSION There appears to be a high occurrence of ESBL-bacteria in local surface waters, among these being opportunistic pathogens. The persistence and spread of these species in the environment poses a threat to exposed human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehani Tissera
- School of Science, Monash University Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 46150, Selangor Darul Ehsan
| | - Sui Mae Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 46150, Selangor Darul Ehsan
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Schink AK, Kadlec K, Kaspar H, Mankertz J, Schwarz S. Analysis of extended-spectrum- -lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates collected in the GERM-Vet monitoring programme. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:1741-9. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli on Bavarian dairy and beef cattle farms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:3027-32. [PMID: 23455336 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00204-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli strains are believed to be widely distributed among humans and animals; however, to date, there are only few studies that support this assumption on a regional or countrywide scale. Therefore, a study was designed to assess the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in dairy cows and beef cattle in the southern part of Bavaria, Germany. The study population included 30 mixed dairy and beef cattle farms and 15 beef cattle farms. Fecal samples, boot swabs, and dust samples were analyzed for ESBL-producing E. coli using selective media. PCR was performed to screen for CTX-M and ampC resistance genes. A total of 598 samples yielded 196 (32.8%) that contained ESBL-producing E. coli, originating from 39 (86.7%) of 45 farms. Samples obtained from mixed farms were significantly more likely to be ESBL-producing E. coli positive than samples from beef cattle farms (fecal samples, P < 0.001; boot swabs, P = 0.014; and dust samples, P = 0.041). A total of 183 isolates (93.4%) of 196 ESBL-producing E. coli-positive strains harbored CTX-M genes, CTX-M group 1 being the most frequently found group. Forty-six additional isolates contained ampC genes, and 5 of the 46 isolates expressed a blaCMY-2 gene. The study shows that ESBL-producing E. coli strains are commonly found on Bavarian dairy and beef cattle farms. Moreover, to our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of blaCMY-2 in cattle in Germany.
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Extended-spectrum β-lactamase CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae of sequence type ST274 in companion animals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:2372-5. [PMID: 23422912 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02622-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Screening of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Gram-negative bacteria in companion animals living in the Paris area in France identified a high rate of CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Those isolates were recovered during the 2010-2011 period from both infections and asymptomatic colonizations. Sequence typing revealed that most of these isolates belonged to sequence type ST274. Interestingly, the bla(CTX-M-15) gene was located on a specific and novel plasmid scaffold. These findings highlight that companion animals may be reservoirs for CTX-M-15-producing K. pneumoniae evolving separately from the human reservoir of CTX-M-15 producers.
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Susceptibility of canine and feline bacterial pathogens to pradofloxacin and comparison with other fluoroquinolones approved for companion animals. Vet Microbiol 2013; 162:119-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sallem RB, Gharsa H, Slama KB, Rojo-Bezares B, Estepa V, Porres-Osante N, Jouini A, Klibi N, Sáenz Y, Boudabous A, Torres C. First detection of CTX-M-1, CMY-2, and QnrB19 resistance mechanisms in fecal Escherichia coli isolates from healthy pets in Tunisia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2013; 13:98-102. [PMID: 23289399 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2012.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to analyze the carriage rate of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC)-producing Escherichia coli isolates in fecal samples of healthy pets (dogs and cats) and to characterize the recovered isolates for the presence of other resistance genes and integrons. Eighty fecal samples of healthy pets were inoculated in MacConkey agar plates supplemented with cefotaxime (2 μg/mL) for cefotaxime-resistant (CTX(R)) E. coli recovery. CTX(R) E. coli isolates were detected in 14 of the 80 fecal samples (17.5%) and the following β-lactamase genes (number of isolates) were detected: bla(CTX-M-1) (8), bla(CTX-M-1)+bla(TEM-1b) (3)(,) bla(CTX-M-1)+bla(TEM-1c) (1), bla(CTX-M-1)+bla(TEM-135) (1), and bla(CMY-2)+bla(TEM-1b) (1). The 14 E. coli were distributed into the phylogroups B1 (6 isolates), A (5), and D (3). The qnrB19 gene was detected in one CTX-M-1-producing strain of phylogroup D. Five isolates contained class 1 integrons with the following arrangements: dfrA17-aadA5 (2 isolates), dfrA1-aadA1 (1), and dfrA17-aadA5/ dfrA1-aadA1 (2 isolates). The virulence genes fimA and/or aer were detected in all CTX(R) strains. In this study, the pet population harbored β-lactamase and quinolone resistance genes of special interest in human health that potentially could be transmitted to humans in close contact with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rym Ben Sallem
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Huber H, Zweifel C, Wittenbrink MM, Stephan R. ESBL-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from dogs and cats in Switzerland. Vet Microbiol 2012. [PMID: 23177909 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia (E.) coli have emerged in human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of ESBL-producers among uropathogenic E. coli isolated from dogs and cats and to characterize detected ESBL-producing isolates by antibiotic susceptibility testing, identification of ESBL genes, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), detection of putative virulence genes, and analysis of E. coli phylogroups. Among the 107 E. coli isolates derived from urinary samples (59 from dogs, 40 from cats), eight isolates from four different animals (two dogs, two cats) were found to be ESBL-producers. These isolates were of ST533/CTX-M-15/TEM/phylogroup B1 (four strains from one dog), ST410/CTX-M-15/TEM/phylogroup A (three strains, one from a dog and two from a cat), and ST648/CTX-M-15/phylogroup D (one strain from a cat). In terms of putative virulence factors, all isolates harbored lpfA, sat, and tsh, whereas iss was only detected in strains of ST533. Thus, ESBL-producers were detected among uropathogenic E. coli from Swiss companion animals and the eight CTX-M-15-producing isolates belonged to three sequence types (ST410, ST533, ST648) and three E. coli phylogroups (A, B1, D). For the first time, E. coli of ST533 carrying bla(CTX-M-15) were thereby detected in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Huber
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Claudio Zweifel
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Max M Wittenbrink
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Schink AK, Kadlec K, Schwarz S. Detection of qnr genes among Escherichia coli isolates of animal origin and complete sequence of the conjugative qnrB19-carrying plasmid pQNR2078. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67:1099-102. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Antibiotic resistance: how much do we know and where do we go from here? Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:7093-5. [PMID: 21908629 DOI: 10.1128/aem.06565-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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