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Tian L, Huang Z, Lu X, Wang T, Cheng W, Yang H, Huang T, Li T, Li Z. Plasmon-Mediated Oxidase-like Activity on Ag@ZnS Heterostructured Hollow Nanowires for Rapid Visual Detection of Nitrite. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1659-1666. [PMID: 36649641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Rational design of fast and sensitive determination of nitrite (NO2-) from a complicated actual sample overtakes a crucial role in constructing a high-efficiency sensing platform. Herein, a visual NO2- sensing platform with outstanding selectivity, sensitivity, and stability based on a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-enhanced oxidase-like activity has been proposed. Benefiting from the intrinsic photocatalytic activity and limited light penetration of ZnS, the oxidase-like activity based on ZnS decorated on Ag nanowires (Ag@ZnS) is determined. It is demonstrated that the electrons are generated efficiently on the surface of ZnS and then transferred into the hot electrons of Ag with the help of localized SPR excitation, thus greatly oxidating the colorless 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to produce dark blue oxidized TMB (oxTMB). When nitrite is added into the reaction system, the oxTMB will selectively react with NO2- to generate diazotized oxTMB, leading to a visual color change from dark blue to light green and subsequently to dark yellow. Owing to the specific recognition between nitrite and oxTMB, the recovery of catalytic activity induced an enhanced colorimetric test with a wider linear range for NO2- determination, an ultralow detection limit of 0.1 μM, excellent selectivity, and practicability for application in real samples. This plasmon-enhanced oxidase-like activity not only provides a smart approach to realize a colorimetric assay with high sensitivity and simplicity but also modulates oxidase-like activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tian
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, PR China.,Engineering Research Center for Food Biotransformation and Safety Testing, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, PR China.,School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Yili Normal University, Yili 835000, China
| | - Zijun Huang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, PR China
| | - Xinhua Lu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, PR China
| | - Tingjian Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, PR China
| | - Wenjing Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Yili Normal University, Yili 835000, China
| | - Huimin Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Yili Normal University, Yili 835000, China
| | - Tianzi Huang
- Engineering Research Center for Food Biotransformation and Safety Testing, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, PR China
| | - Tongxiang Li
- Engineering Research Center for Food Biotransformation and Safety Testing, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, PR China
| | - Zhao Li
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, PR China
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2
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Su Z, Zhang Y, Zhao R, Zhou J. Enhancement of dissimilatory nitrate/nitrite reduction to ammonium of Escherichia coli sp. SZQ1 by ascorbic acid: Mechanism and performance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158423. [PMID: 36055483 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) can be used for nitrogen recovery. However, due to the low conversion efficiency of the DNRA process of microorganisms, the process cannot be industrially applied. Ascorbic acid (ASA) can improve DNRA efficiency of Escherichia coli sp. SZQ1 (E. coli). Experimental studies suggest that 10 g L-1 ASA promoted DNRA process of E. coli at high concentrations of nitrite (10-20 mM). In the 5 g L-1 ASA system, 9.2 mM nitrite was reduced to 8.21 mM ammonium by E. coli in 120 h. Mechanistic studies reveal that ASA reduced the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of the system and scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell of E. coli. Meanwhile, ASA was utilized by E. coli as the sole carbon source and provided electrons to DNRA process through ASA metabolic pathways. This study proposes a new strategy for increasing the efficiency of DNRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Su
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | - Ruizhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Jiti Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China.
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3
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A Common Target of Nitrite and Nitric Oxide for Respiration Inhibition in Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213841. [PMID: 36430319 PMCID: PMC9697910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrite and nitric oxide (NO) are well-known bacteriostatic agents with similar biochemical properties. However, many studies have demonstrated that inhibition of bacterial growth by nitrite is independent of NO. Here, with Shewanella oneidensis as the research model because of its unusually high cytochrome (cyt) c content, we identify a common mechanism by which nitrite and NO compromise cyt c biosynthesis in bacteria, and thereby inhibit respiration. This is achieved by eliminating the inference of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-catabolite repression protein (cAMP-Crp), a primary regulatory system that controls the cyt c content and whose activity is subjected to the repression of nitrite. Both nitrite and NO impair the CcmE of multiple bacteria, an essential heme chaperone of the System I cyt c biosynthesis apparatus. Given that bacterial targets of nitrite and NO differ enormously and vary even in the same genus, these observations underscore the importance of cyt c biosynthesis for the antimicrobial actions of nitrite and NO.
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Yin Y, Liu C, Zhao G, Chen Y. Versatile mechanisms and enhanced strategies of pollutants removal mediated by Shewanella oneidensis: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 440:129703. [PMID: 35963088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The removal of environmental pollutants is important for a sustainable ecosystem and human health. Shewanella oneidensis (S. oneidensis) has diverse electron transfer pathways and can use a variety of contaminants as electron acceptors or electron donors. This paper reviews S. oneidensis's function in removing environmental pollutants, including heavy metals, inorganic non-metallic ions (INMIs), and toxic organic pollutants. S. oneidensis can mineralize o-xylene (OX), phenanthrene (PHE), and pyridine (Py) as electron donors, and also reduce azo dyes, nitro aromatic compounds (NACs), heavy metals, and iodate by extracellular electron transfer (EET). For azo dyes, NACs, Cr(VI), nitrite, nitrate, thiosulfate, and sulfite that can cross the membrane, S. oneidensis transfers electrons to intracellular reductases to catalyze their reduction. However, most organic pollutants cannot be directly degraded by S. oneidensis, but S. oneidensis can remove these pollutants by self-synthesizing catalysts or photocatalysts, constructing bio-photocatalytic systems, driving Fenton reactions, forming microbial consortia, and genetic engineering. However, the industrial-scale application of S. oneidensis is insufficient. Future research on the metabolism of S. oneidensis and interfacial reactions with other materials needs to be deepened, and large-scale reactors should be developed that can be used for practical engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Wang M, Zhu H, Liu B, Hu P, Pan J, Niu X. Bifunctional Mn-Doped N-Rich Carbon Dots with Tunable Photoluminescence and Oxidase-Mimetic Activity Enabling Bimodal Ratiometric Colorimetric/Fluorometric Detection of Nitrite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:44762-44771. [PMID: 36129748 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal detection is a promising paradigm because of its advantages of expanding usage scenarios and improving reliability. However, it is very challenging to design reasonable strategies to achieve the multimodal sensing of targets. Herein, we developed an unprecedented bimodal ratiometric colorimetric/fluorometric method by exploring a novel bifunctional artificial oxidase mimic, Mn-doped N-rich carbon dots (Mn-CDs), to achieve the high-performance determination of nitrite in complicated matrices. The Mn-CDs exhibited both tunable photoluminescence and high oxidase-like activity, effectively catalyzing the colorless 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation to generate blue TMB+. When nitrite was introduced, the TMB+ species generated would specifically react with nitrite to produce diazotized TMB+, resulting in a color change from blue to green and finally to yellow. Simultaneously, the fluorescence of Mn-CDs was quenched by the diazotized TMB+ product via the inner filter effect. Hence, the existence of nitrite could lead to the simultaneous variations of visual color and photoluminescence, providing the principal basis for the bimodal ratiometric colorimetric/fluorometric quantification of the target. With the method, excellent sensitivity, selectivity, reliability, and practicability for nitrite detection were verified. Our work proposes a new bimodal strategy for nitrite measurement using bifunctional CDs-based enzyme mimics, which will inspire future effort on the exploration of promising multifunctional nanozymes and their advanced applications in biochemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhu Wang
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hengjia Zhu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Bangxiang Liu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Panwang Hu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianming Pan
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiangheng Niu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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Pleiotropic Effects of Hfq on the Cytochrome c Content and Pyomelanin Production in Shewanella oneidensis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0128922. [PMID: 36073941 PMCID: PMC9499022 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01289-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shewanella oneidensis is the best understood model microorganism for the study of diverse cytochromes (cytos) c that support its unparallel respiratory versatility. Although RNA chaperone Hfq has been implicated in regulation of cyto c production, little is known about the biological pathways that it affects in this bacterium. In this study, from a spontaneous mutant that secretes pyomelanin and has a lowered cyto c content, we identified Hfq to be the regulator that critically associates with both phenotypes in S. oneidensis. We found that expression of the key genes in biosynthesis and degradation of heme is differentially affected by Hfq at under- and overproduced levels, and through modulating heme levels, Hfq influences the cyto c content. Although Hfq in excess results in overproduction of the enzymes responsible for both generation and removal of homogentisic acid (HGA), the precursor of pyomelanin, it is compromised activity of HmgA that leads to excretion and polymerization of HGA to form pyomelanin. We further show that Hfq mediates HmgA activity by lowering intracellular iron content because HmgA is an iron-dependent enzyme. Overall, our work highlights the significance of Hfq-mediated posttranscriptional regulation in the physiology of S. oneidensis, unraveling unexpected mechanisms by which Hfq affects cyto c biosynthesis and pyomelanin production. IMPORTANCE In bacteria, Hfq has been implicated in regulation of diverse biological processes posttranslationally. In S. oneidensis, Hfq affects the content of cytos c that serve as the basis of its respiratory versatility and potential application in bioenergy and bioremediation. In this study, we found that Hfq differentially regulates heme biosynthesis and degradation, leading to altered cyto c contents. Hfq in excess causes a synthetic effect on HmgA, an enzyme responsible for pyomelanin formation. Overall, the data presented manifest that the biological processes in a given bacterium regulated by Hfq are highly complex, amounting to required coordination among multiple physiological aspects to allow cells to respond to environmental changes promptly.
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Forte E, Nastasi MR, Borisov VB. Preparations of Terminal Oxidase Cytochrome bd-II Isolated from Escherichia coli Reveal Significant Hydrogen Peroxide Scavenging Activity. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:720-730. [PMID: 36171653 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922080041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome bd-II is one of the three terminal quinol oxidases of the aerobic respiratory chain of Escherichia coli. Preparations of the detergent-solubilized untagged bd-II oxidase isolated from the bacterium were shown to scavenge hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with high rate producing molecular oxygen (O2). Addition of H2O2 to the same buffer that does not contain enzyme or contains thermally denatured cytochrome bd-II does not lead to any O2 production. The latter observation rules out involvement of adventitious transition metals bound to the protein. The H2O2-induced O2 production is not susceptible to inhibition by N-ethylmaleimide (the sulfhydryl binding compound), antimycin A (the compound that binds specifically to a quinol binding site), and CO (diatomic gas that binds specifically to the reduced heme d). However, O2 formation is inhibited by cyanide (IC50 = 4.5 ± 0.5 µM) and azide. Addition of H2O2 in the presence of dithiothreitol and ubiquinone-1 does not inactivate cytochrome bd-II and apparently does not affect the O2 reductase activity of the enzyme. The ability of cytochrome bd-II to detoxify H2O2 could play a role in bacterial physiology by conferring resistance to the peroxide-mediated stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Forte
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, I-00185, Italy
| | - Martina R Nastasi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, I-00185, Italy
| | - Vitaliy B Borisov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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8
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Bioenergetics and Reactive Nitrogen Species in Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137321. [PMID: 35806323 PMCID: PMC9266656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) by the innate immune system is part of the host’s defense against invading pathogenic bacteria. In this review, we summarize recent studies on the molecular basis of the effects of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite on microbial respiration and energy conservation. We discuss possible molecular mechanisms underlying RNS resistance in bacteria mediated by unique respiratory oxygen reductases, the mycobacterial bcc-aa3 supercomplex, and bd-type cytochromes. A complete picture of the impact of RNS on microbial bioenergetics is not yet available. However, this research area is developing very rapidly, and the knowledge gained should help us develop new methods of treating infectious diseases.
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Friedrich T, Wohlwend D, Borisov VB. Recent Advances in Structural Studies of Cytochrome bd and Its Potential Application as a Drug Target. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063166. [PMID: 35328590 PMCID: PMC8951039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome bd is a triheme copper-free terminal oxidase in membrane respiratory chains of prokaryotes. This unique molecular machine couples electron transfer from quinol to O2 with the generation of a proton motive force without proton pumping. Apart from energy conservation, the bd enzyme plays an additional key role in the microbial cell, being involved in the response to different environmental stressors. Cytochrome bd promotes virulence in a number of pathogenic species that makes it a suitable molecular drug target candidate. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding the structure of cytochrome bd and the development of its selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Friedrich
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; (T.F.); (D.W.)
| | - Daniel Wohlwend
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; (T.F.); (D.W.)
| | - Vitaliy B. Borisov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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10
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Chen J, Xie P, Huang Y, Gao H. Complex Interplay of Heme-Copper Oxidases with Nitrite and Nitric Oxide. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:979. [PMID: 35055165 PMCID: PMC8780969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrite and nitric oxide (NO), two active and critical nitrogen oxides linking nitrate to dinitrogen gas in the broad nitrogen biogeochemical cycle, are capable of interacting with redox-sensitive proteins. The interactions of both with heme-copper oxidases (HCOs) serve as the foundation not only for the enzymatic interconversion of nitrogen oxides but also for the inhibitory activity. From extensive studies, we now know that NO interacts with HCOs in a rapid and reversible manner, either competing with oxygen or not. During interconversion, a partially reduced heme/copper center reduces the nitrite ion, producing NO with the heme serving as the reductant and the cupric ion providing a Lewis acid interaction with nitrite. The interaction may lead to the formation of either a relatively stable nitrosyl-derivative of the enzyme reduced or a more labile nitrite-derivative of the enzyme oxidized through two different pathways, resulting in enzyme inhibition. Although nitrite and NO show similar biochemical properties, a growing body of evidence suggests that they are largely treated as distinct molecules by bacterial cells. NO seemingly interacts with all hemoproteins indiscriminately, whereas nitrite shows high specificity to HCOs. Moreover, as biologically active molecules and signal molecules, nitrite and NO directly affect the activity of different enzymes and are perceived by completely different sensing systems, respectively, through which they are linked to different biological processes. Further attempts to reconcile this apparent contradiction could open up possible avenues for the application of these nitrogen oxides in a variety of fields, the pharmaceutical industry in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haichun Gao
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.C.); (P.X.); (Y.H.)
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11
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Borisov VB, Forte E. Impact of Hydrogen Sulfide on Mitochondrial and Bacterial Bioenergetics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12688. [PMID: 34884491 PMCID: PMC8657789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on the unique bioenergetic molecular machines in mitochondria and bacteria-the protein complexes of electron transport chains and associated enzymes. H2S, along with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, belongs to the class of endogenous gaseous signaling molecules. This compound plays critical roles in physiology and pathophysiology. Enzymes implicated in H2S metabolism and physiological actions are promising targets for novel pharmaceutical agents. The biological effects of H2S are biphasic, changing from cytoprotection to cytotoxicity through increasing the compound concentration. In mammals, H2S enhances the activity of FoF1-ATP (adenosine triphosphate) synthase and lactate dehydrogenase via their S-sulfhydration, thereby stimulating mitochondrial electron transport. H2S serves as an electron donor for the mitochondrial respiratory chain via sulfide quinone oxidoreductase and cytochrome c oxidase at low H2S levels. The latter enzyme is inhibited by high H2S concentrations, resulting in the reversible inhibition of electron transport and ATP production in mitochondria. In the branched respiratory chain of Escherichia coli, H2S inhibits the bo3 terminal oxidase but does not affect the alternative bd-type oxidases. Thus, in E. coli and presumably other bacteria, cytochrome bd permits respiration and cell growth in H2S-rich environments. A complete picture of the impact of H2S on bioenergetics is lacking, but this field is fast-moving, and active ongoing research on this topic will likely shed light on additional, yet unknown biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy B. Borisov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Forte
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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12
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Yu Q, Sun W, Gao H. Thiosulfate oxidation in sulfur-reducing Shewanella oneidensis and its unexpected influences on the cytochrome c content. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:7056-7072. [PMID: 34664382 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thiosulfate, an important form of sulfur compounds, can serve as both electron donor and acceptor in various microorganisms. In Shewanella oneidensis, a bacterium renowned for respiratory versatility, thiosulfate reduction has long been recognized but whether it can catalyse thiosulfate oxidation remains elusive. In this study, we discovered that S. oneidensis is capable of thiosulfate oxidation, a process specifically catalysed by two periplasmic cytochrome c (cyt c) proteins, TsdA and TsdB, which act as the catalytic subunit and the electron transfer subunit respectively. In the presence of oxygen, oxidation of thiosulfate has priority over reduction. Intriguingly, thiosulfate oxidation negatively regulates the cyt c content in S. oneidensis cells, largely by reducing intracellular levels of cAMP, which as the cofactor modulates activity of global regulator Crp required for transcription of many cyt c genes. This unexpected finding provides an additional dimension to interplays between the respiration regulator and the respiratory pathways in S. oneidensis. Moreover, the data presented here identified S. oneidensis as the first bacterium known to date owning both functional thiosulfate reductase and dehydrogenase, and importantly, genomics analyses suggested that the number of bacterial species possessing this feature is rather limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzi Yu
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weining Sun
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haichun Gao
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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13
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Chen XJ, Wang B, Thompson IP, Huang WE. Rational Design and Characterization of Nitric Oxide Biosensors in E. coli Nissle 1917 and Mini SimCells. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:2566-2578. [PMID: 34551261 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important disease biomarker found in many chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. A well-characterized nitric sensing system is useful to aid the rapid development of bacteria therapy and synthetic biology. In this work, we engineered a set of NO-responsive biosensors based on the PnorV promoter and its NorR regulator in the norRVW operon; the circuits were characterized and optimized in probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and mini SimCells (minicells containing designed gene circuits for specific tasks). Interestingly, the expression level of NorR displayed an inverse correlation to the PnorV promoter activation, as a strong expression of the NorR regulator resulted in a low amplitude of NO-inducible gene expression. This could be explained by a competitive binding mechanism where the activated and inactivated NorR competitively bind to the same site on the PnorV promoter. To overcome such issues, the NO induction performance was further improved by making a positive feedback loop that fine-tuned the level of NorR. In addition, by examining two integration host factor (IHF) binding sites of the PnorV promoter, we demonstrated that the deletion of the second IHF site increased the maximum signal output by 25% (500 μM DETA/NO) with no notable increase in the basal expression level. The optimized NO-sensing gene circuit in anucleate mini SimCells exhibited increased robustness against external fluctuation in medium composition. The NO detection limit of the optimized gene circuit pPnorVβ was also improved from 25.6 to 1.3 nM in mini SimCells. Moreover, lyophilized mini SimCells can maintain function for over 2 months. Hence, SimCell-based NO biosensors could be used as safe sensor chassis for synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu J. Chen
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Baojun Wang
- Hangzhou Innovation Center and College of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, G20 Roger Land Building, The Kingʼs Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
- ZJU-UoE Joint Research Centre for Engineering Biology, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Ian P. Thompson
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Wei E. Huang
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
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14
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Siletsky SA, Borisov VB. Proton Pumping and Non-Pumping Terminal Respiratory Oxidases: Active Sites Intermediates of These Molecular Machines and Their Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10852. [PMID: 34639193 PMCID: PMC8509429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminal respiratory oxidases are highly efficient molecular machines. These most important bioenergetic membrane enzymes transform the energy of chemical bonds released during the transfer of electrons along the respiratory chains of eukaryotes and prokaryotes from cytochromes or quinols to molecular oxygen into a transmembrane proton gradient. They participate in regulatory cascades and physiological anti-stress reactions in multicellular organisms. They also allow microorganisms to adapt to low-oxygen conditions, survive in chemically aggressive environments and acquire antibiotic resistance. To date, three-dimensional structures with atomic resolution of members of all major groups of terminal respiratory oxidases, heme-copper oxidases, and bd-type cytochromes, have been obtained. These groups of enzymes have different origins and a wide range of functional significance in cells. At the same time, all of them are united by a catalytic reaction of four-electron reduction in oxygen into water which proceeds without the formation and release of potentially dangerous ROS from active sites. The review analyzes recent structural and functional studies of oxygen reduction intermediates in the active sites of terminal respiratory oxidases, the features of catalytic cycles, and the properties of the active sites of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Siletsky
- Department of Bioenergetics, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vitaliy B. Borisov
- Department of Molecular Energetics of Microorganisms, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia;
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15
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Miralles-Robledillo JM, Bernabeu E, Giani M, Martínez-Serna E, Martínez-Espinosa RM, Pire C. Distribution of Denitrification among Haloarchaea: A Comprehensive Study. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1669. [PMID: 34442748 PMCID: PMC8400030 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms from the Halobacteria class, also known as haloarchaea, inhabit a wide range of ecosystems of which the main characteristic is the presence of high salt concentration. These environments together with their microbial communities are not well characterized, but some of the common features that they share are high sun radiation and low availability of oxygen. To overcome these stressful conditions, and more particularly to deal with oxygen limitation, some microorganisms drive alternative respiratory pathways such as denitrification. In this paper, denitrification in haloarchaea has been studied from a phylogenetic point of view. It has been demonstrated that the presence of denitrification enzymes is a quite common characteristic in Halobacteria class, being nitrite reductase and nitric oxide reductase the enzymes with higher co-occurrence, maybe due to their possible role not only in denitrification, but also in detoxification. Moreover, copper-nitrite reductase (NirK) is the only class of respiratory nitrite reductase detected in these microorganisms up to date. The distribution of this alternative respiratory pathway and their enzymes among the families of haloarchaea has also been discussed and related with the environment in which they constitute the major populations. Complete denitrification phenotype is more common in some families like Haloarculaceae and Haloferacaceae, whilst less common in families such as Natrialbaceae and Halorubraceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose María Miralles-Robledillo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain; (J.M.M.-R.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (E.M.-S.); (R.M.M.-E.)
| | - Eric Bernabeu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain; (J.M.M.-R.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (E.M.-S.); (R.M.M.-E.)
| | - Micaela Giani
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain; (J.M.M.-R.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (E.M.-S.); (R.M.M.-E.)
| | - Elena Martínez-Serna
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain; (J.M.M.-R.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (E.M.-S.); (R.M.M.-E.)
| | - Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain; (J.M.M.-R.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (E.M.-S.); (R.M.M.-E.)
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies “Ramón Margalef”, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Carmen Pire
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain; (J.M.M.-R.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (E.M.-S.); (R.M.M.-E.)
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies “Ramón Margalef”, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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16
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Borisov VB, Siletsky SA, Nastasi MR, Forte E. ROS Defense Systems and Terminal Oxidases in Bacteria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060839. [PMID: 34073980 PMCID: PMC8225038 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) comprise the superoxide anion (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (•OH), and singlet oxygen (1O2). ROS can damage a variety of macromolecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids, and compromise cell viability. To prevent or reduce ROS-induced oxidative stress, bacteria utilize different ROS defense mechanisms, of which ROS scavenging enzymes, such as superoxide dismutases, catalases, and peroxidases, are the best characterized. Recently, evidence has been accumulating that some of the terminal oxidases in bacterial respiratory chains may also play a protective role against ROS. The present review covers this role of terminal oxidases in light of recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy B. Borisov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (V.B.B.); (E.F.)
| | - Sergey A. Siletsky
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Martina R. Nastasi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Elena Forte
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.B.B.); (E.F.)
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17
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Knoblauch R, Harvey A, Ra E, Greenberg KM, Lau J, Hawkins E, Geddes CD. Antimicrobial carbon nanodots: photodynamic inactivation and dark antimicrobial effects on bacteria by brominated carbon nanodots. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:85-99. [PMID: 33211048 PMCID: PMC7796955 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06842j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The evolving threat of antibiotic resistance development in pathogenic bacteria necessitates the continued cultivation of new technologies and agents to mitigate associated negative health impacts globally. It is no surprise that infection prevention and control are cited by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as two routes for combating this dangerous trend. One technology that has gained great research interest is antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation of bacteria, or APDI. This technique permits controllable activation of antimicrobial effects by combining specific light excitation with the photodynamic properties of a photosensitizer; when activated, the photosensitizer generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) from molecular oxygen via either a type I (electron transfer) or type II (energy transfer) pathway. These species subsequently inflict oxidative damage on nearby bacteria, resulting in suppressed growth and cell death. To date, small molecule photosensitizers have been developed, yet the scalability of these as widespread sterilization agents is limited due to complex and costly synthetic procedures. Herein we report the use of brominated carbon nanodots (BrCND) as new photosensitizers for APDI. These combustion byproducts are easily and inexpensively collected; incorporation of bromine into the nanodot permits photosensitization effects that are not inherent to the carbon nanodot structure alone-a consequence of triplet character gained by the heavy atom effect. BrCND demonstrate both type I and type II photosensitization under UV-A irradiation, and furthermore are shown to have significant antimicrobial effects against both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes as well. A mechanism of "dark" toxicity is additionally reported; the pH-triggered release of reactive nitrogen species is detected from a carbon nanodot structure for the first time. The results described present the BrCND structure as a competitive new antimicrobial agent for controllable sterilization of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Knoblauch
- Institute of Fluorescence and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, USA.
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18
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Sysel AM, Dunphy MJ, Bauer JA. Antimicrobial properties of diethylamine NONOate, a nitric oxide donor, against Escherichia coli: a pilot study. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2021; 74:260-265. [PMID: 33361779 PMCID: PMC7767638 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-020-00397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, highlights the increasing need for new and effective antiviral and antimicrobial agents. The FDA has recently banned several active ingredients used in hand sanitizers, including triclosan and benzethonium chloride. Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the innate immune response and is a major component of macrophage-mediated attack on foreign viruses and bacteria. The specific aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial effects of 2-(N,N-diethylamino)-diazenolate-2-oxide (DEA-NONOate) against Escherichia coli (E. coli). A bacterial growth assay was compared to an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) activity assay at various time points to assess effects of DEA-NONOate on E. coli growth. A UV/Vis spectrophotometer was used to determine concentration of E. coli by measuring optical density (OD) at 630 nm. A luminescent assay was used to measure ATP activity correlating to viable cells. DEA-NONOate at a concentration of 65 mM was able to inhibit the growth of E. coli with the same efficacy as 1 μg ml-1 concentration of ciprofloxacin. Both the OD and ATP assays demonstrated a 99.9% reduction in E. coli. Both a 1 μg ml-1 concentration of ciprofloxacin and a 65 mM concentration of DEA-NONOate achieved 99.9% inhibition of E. coli, verified using both optical density measurement of bacterial cultures in 96 well plates and a luminescent ATP activity assay. The bactericidal effects of DEA-NONOate against E. coli is proof-of-concept to pursue evaluation of nitric oxide-based formulations as antimicrobial and antiviral agents as hand sanitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette M. Sysel
- grid.427858.4Bauer Research Foundation, Inc, North Canton, OH USA ,Nitric Oxide Services, LLC, North Canton, OH USA
| | - Michael J. Dunphy
- Nitric Oxide Services, LLC, North Canton, OH USA ,grid.412869.0Walsh University, North Canton, OH USA
| | - Joseph A. Bauer
- grid.427858.4Bauer Research Foundation, Inc, North Canton, OH USA ,Nitric Oxide Services, LLC, North Canton, OH USA
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19
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Liu L, Feng X, Wang W, Chen Y, Chen Z, Gao H. Free Rather Than Total Iron Content Is Critically Linked to the Fur Physiology in Shewanella oneidensis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:593246. [PMID: 33329474 PMCID: PMC7732582 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.593246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferric uptake regulator (Fur) is a transcriptional regulator playing a central role in iron homeostasis of many bacteria, and Fur inactivation commonly results in pleiotropic phenotypes. In Shewanella oneidensis, a representative of dissimilatory metal-reducing γ-proteobacteria capable of respiring a variety of chemicals as electron acceptors (EAs), Fur loss substantially impairs respiration. However, to date the mechanism underlying the physiological phenomenon remains obscure. This investigation reveals that Fur loss compromises activity of iron proteins requiring biosynthetic processes for their iron cofactors, heme in particular. We then show that S. oneidensis Fur is critical for maintaining heme homeostasis by affecting both its biosynthesis and decomposition of the molecule. Intriguingly, the abundance of iron-containing proteins controlled by H2O2-responding regulator OxyR increases in the fur mutant because the Fur loss activates OxyR. By comparing suppression of membrane-impermeable, membrane-permeable, and intracellular-only iron chelators on heme deficiency and elevated H2O2 resistance, our data suggest that the elevation of the free iron content by the Fur loss is likely to be the predominant factor for the Fur physiology. Overall, these results provide circumstantial evidence that Fur inactivation disturbs bacterial iron homeostasis by altering transcription of its regulon members, through which many physiological processes, such as respiration and oxidative stress response, are transformed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Haichun Gao
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Liu RR, Tian Y, Zhou EM, Xiong MJ, Xiao M, Li WJ. Distinct Expression of the Two NO-Forming Nitrite Reductases in Thermus antranikianii DSM 12462 T Improved Environmental Adaptability. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2020; 80:614-626. [PMID: 32474659 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01528-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hot spring ecosystems are analogous to some thermal environments on the early Earth and represent ideal models to understand life forms and element cycling on the early Earth. Denitrification, an important component of biogeochemical nitrogen cycle, is highly active in hot springs. Nitrite (NO2-) reduction to nitric oxide (NO) is the significant and rate-limiting pathway in denitrification and is catalyzed by two types of nitrite reductases, encoded by nirS and nirK genes. NirS and NirK were originally considered incompatible in most denitrifying organisms, although a few strains have been reported to possess both genes. Herein, we report the functional division of nirS and nirK in Thermus, a thermophilic genus widespread in thermal ecosystems. Transcriptional levels of nirS and nirK coexisting in Thermus antranikianii DSM 12462T were measured to assess the effects of nitrite, oxygen, and stimulation time. Thirty-nine Thermus strains were used to analyze the phylogeny and distribution of nirS and nirK; six representative strains were used to assess the denitrification phenotype. The results showed that both genes were actively transcribed and expressed independently in T. antranikianii DSM 12462T. Strains with both nirS and nirK had a wider range of nitrite adaptation and revealed nir-related physiological adaptations in Thermus: nirK facilitated adaptation to rapid changes and extended the adaptation range of nitrite under oxygen-limited conditions, while nirS expression was higher under oxic and relatively stable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - En-Min Zhou
- School of Resource Environment and Earth Science, Yunnan Institute of Geography, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Jie Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Nitrite modulates aminoglycoside tolerance by inhibiting cytochrome heme-copper oxidase in bacteria. Commun Biol 2020; 3:269. [PMID: 32461576 PMCID: PMC7253457 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0991-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
As a bacteriostatic agent, nitrite has been used in food preservation for centuries. When used in combination with antibiotics, nitrite is reported to work either cooperatively or antagonistically. However, the mechanism underlying these effects remains largely unknown. Here we show that nitrite mediates tolerance to aminoglycosides in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, but has little interaction with other types of antibiotics. Nitrite directly and mainly inhibits cytochrome heme-copper oxidases (HCOs), and by doing so, the membrane potential is compromised, blocking uptake of aminoglycosides. In contrast, reduced respiration (oxygen consumption rate) resulting from nitrite inhibition is not critical for aminoglycoside tolerance. While our data indicate that nitrite is a promising antimicrobial agent targeting HCOs, cautions should be taken when used with other antibiotics, aminoglycosides in particular.
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22
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Lew TTS, Koman VB, Silmore KS, Seo JS, Gordiichuk P, Kwak SY, Park M, Ang MCY, Khong DT, Lee MA, Chan-Park MB, Chua NH, Strano MS. Real-time detection of wound-induced H 2O 2 signalling waves in plants with optical nanosensors. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:404-415. [PMID: 32296141 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Decoding wound signalling in plants is critical for understanding various aspects of plant sciences, from pest resistance to secondary metabolite and phytohormone biosynthesis. The plant defence responses are known to primarily involve NADPH-oxidase-mediated H2O2 and Ca2+ signalling pathways, which propagate across long distances through the plant vasculature and tissues. Using non-destructive optical nanosensors, we find that the H2O2 concentration profile post-wounding follows a logistic waveform for six plant species: lettuce (Lactuca sativa), arugula (Eruca sativa), spinach (Spinacia oleracea), strawberry blite (Blitum capitatum), sorrel (Rumex acetosa) and Arabidopsis thaliana, ranked in order of wave speed from 0.44 to 3.10 cm min-1. The H2O2 wave tracks the concomitant surface potential wave measured electrochemically. We show that the plant RbohD glutamate-receptor-like channels (GLR3.3 and GLR3.6) are all critical to the propagation of the wound-induced H2O2 wave. Our findings highlight the utility of a new type of nanosensor probe that is species-independent and capable of real-time, spatial and temporal biochemical measurements in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tedrick Thomas Salim Lew
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-06/07/08 Research Wing, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Volodymyr B Koman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin S Silmore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jun Sung Seo
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-06/07/08 Research Wing, Singapore, Singapore
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory Limited, 1 Research Link National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pavlo Gordiichuk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seon-Yeong Kwak
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-06/07/08 Research Wing, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mervin Chun-Yi Ang
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-06/07/08 Research Wing, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Duc Thinh Khong
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-06/07/08 Research Wing, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael A Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mary B Chan-Park
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-06/07/08 Research Wing, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nam-Hai Chua
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-06/07/08 Research Wing, Singapore, Singapore
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory Limited, 1 Research Link National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-06/07/08 Research Wing, Singapore, Singapore.
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23
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Li J, Tang Q, Li Y, Fan YY, Li FH, Wu JH, Min D, Li WW, Lam PKS, Yu HQ. Rediverting Electron Flux with an Engineered CRISPR-ddAsCpf1 System to Enhance the Pollutant Degradation Capacity of Shewanella oneidensis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:3599-3608. [PMID: 32062962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pursuing efficient approaches to promote the extracellular electron transfer (EET) of extracellular respiratory bacteria is essential to their application in environmental remediation and waste treatment. Here, we report a new strategy of tuning electron flux by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-ddAsCpf1-based rediverting (namely STAR) to enhance the EET capacity of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, a model extracellular respiratory bacterium widely present in the environment. The developed CRISPR-ddAsCpf1 system enabled approximately 100% gene repression with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter. Using a WO3 probe, 10 representative genes encoding for putative competitive electron transfer proteins were screened, among which 7 genes were identified as valid targets for EET enhancement. Repressing the valid genes not only increased the transcription level of the l-lactate metabolism genes but also affected the genes involved in direct and indirect EET. Increased riboflavin production was also observed. The feasibility of this strategy to enhance the bioreduction of methyl orange, an organic pollutant, and chromium, a typical heavy metal, was demonstrated. This work implies a great potential of the STAR strategy with the CIRPSR-ddAsCpf1 system for enhancing bacterial EET to favor more efficient environmental remediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Center, Suzhou 215123, China
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang-Yang Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Feng-He Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jing-Hang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Di Min
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wen-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Center, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Center, Suzhou 215123, China
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Center, Suzhou 215123, China
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24
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Wan F, Yin J, Sun W, Gao H. Oxidized OxyR Up-Regulates ahpCF Expression to Suppress Plating Defects of oxyR- and Catalase-Deficient Strains. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:439. [PMID: 30899252 PMCID: PMC6416212 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that in bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, OxyR is a transcriptional regulator that mediates the response to H2O2 by activating the OxyR regulon, which consists of many genes that play vital roles in oxidative stress resistance. In Shewanella, OxyR regulates, however, in both reduced and oxidized states, the production of H2O2 scavengers, including major catalase KatB and NADH peroxidase AhpCF. Here we showed that the oxyR mutant carried a plating defect manifested as division arresting, a phenotype that can be completely suppressed by an OxyR variant constitutively existing in oxidized form (OxyRL197P). This effect of OxyRL197P could not be solely attributed to the increment in KatB production, since the suppression was also observed in the absence of KatB. Although expression of peroxidase CcpA was greatly activated by OxyRL197P, the contribution of the protein in alleviating plating defect was negligible. We eventually identified AhpCF as the critical factor, when produced at substantially elevated levels by OxyRL197P, to protect the cell from H2O2 attack. Our data indicate that AhpCF is a particularly important peroxidase in oxidative stress resistance in Shewanella, not only playing a compensatory role for catalase, but also by itself providing sufficient protection from killing of H2O2 generated abiotically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wan
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weining Sun
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haichun Gao
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Cytochromes c Constitute a Layer of Protection against Nitric Oxide but Not Nitrite. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.01255-18. [PMID: 29934335 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01255-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a radical gas that reacts with various biological molecules in complex ways to inhibit growth as a bacteriostatic agent. NO is nearly ubiquitous because it can be generated both biotically and abiotically. To protect the cell from NO damage, bacteria have evolved many strategies, with the production of detoxifying enzymatic systems being the most efficient. Here, we report that c-type cytochromes (cytochromes c) constitute a primary NO protection system in Shewanella oneidensis, a Gram-negative environmental bacterium renowned for respiratory versatility due to its high cytochrome c content. By using mutants producing cytochromes c at varying levels, we found that the content of these proteins is inversely correlated with the growth inhibition imposed by NO, whereas the effect of each individual cytochrome c is negligible. This NO-protecting system has no effect on nitrite inhibition. In the absence of cytochromes c, other NO targets and protective proteins, such as NnrS, emerge to show physiological influences during the NO stress. We further demonstrate that cytochromes c also play a similar role in Escherichia coli, albeit only modestly. Our data thus identify the in vivo function of an important group of proteins in alleviating NO stress.IMPORTANCE It is widely accepted that the antibacterial effects of nitrite are attributable to nitric oxide (NO) formation, suggesting a correlation of bacterial susceptibilities to these two chemicals. However, compared to E. coli, S. oneidensis is highly sensitive to nitrite but resistant to NO, implying the presence of robust NO-protective systems. Here, we show that c-type cytochromes (cytochromes c) play a main role in protecting S. oneidensis against damages from NO but not from nitrite. In their absence, impacts of proteins that promote NO tolerance and that are targets of NO inhibition become evident. Our data thus reveal the specific activity of cytochromes c in alleviating the stress caused by NO but not nitrite.
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