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Initial pH Conditions Shape the Microbial Community Structure of Sewage Sludge in Batch Fermentations for the Improvement of Volatile Fatty Acid Production. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102073. [PMID: 36296349 PMCID: PMC9611766 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Conversion of wastewater treatment plants into biorefineries is a sustainable alternative for obtaining valuable compounds, thus reducing pollutants and costs and protecting the environment and human health. Under specific operating conditions, microbial fermentative products of sewage sludge are volatile fatty acids (VFA) that can be precursors of polyhydroxyalkanoate thermoplastic polyesters. The role of various operating parameters in VFA production has yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to correlate the levels of VFA yields with prokaryotic microbiota structures of sewage sludge in two sets of batch fermentations with an initial pH of 8 and 10. The sewage sludge used to inoculate the batch fermentations was collected from a Sicilian WWTP located in Marineo (Italy) as a case study. Gas chromatography analysis revealed that initial pH 10 stimulated chemical oxygen demands (sCOD) and VFA yields (2020 mg COD/L) in comparison with initial pH 8. Characterization of the sewage sludge prokaryotic community structures—analyzed by next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons—demonstrated that the improved yield of VFA paralleled the increased abundance of fermenting bacteria belonging to Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes phyla and, conversely, the reduced abundance of VFA-degrading strains, such as archaeal methanogens.
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Functional Metabolic Diversity of Bacterioplankton in Maritime Antarctic Lakes. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102077. [PMID: 34683398 PMCID: PMC8539522 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A summer survey was conducted on the bacterioplankton communities of seven lakes from Byers Peninsula (Maritime Antarctica), differing in trophic and morphological characteristics. Predictions of the metabolic capabilities of these communities were performed with FAPROTAX using 16S rRNA sequencing data. The versatility for metabolizing carbon sources was also assessed in three of the lakes using Biolog Ecoplates. Relevant differences among lakes and within lake depths were observed. A total of 23 metabolic activities associated to the main biogeochemical cycles were foreseen, namely, carbon (11), nitrogen (4), sulfur (5), iron (2), and hydrogen (1). The aerobic metabolisms dominated, although anaerobic respiration was also relevant near the lakes’ bottom as well as in shallow eutrophic lakes with higher nutrient and organic matter contents. Capacity for using carbon sources further than those derived from the fresh autochthonous primary production was detected. Clustering of the lakes based on metabolic capabilities of their microbial communities was determined by their trophic status, with functional diversity increasing with trophic status. Data were also examined using a co-occurrence network approach, indicating that the lakes and their catchments have to be perceived as connected and interacting macrosystems, where either stochastic or deterministic mechanisms for the assembling of communities may occur depending on the lake’s isolation. The hydrological processes within catchments and the potential metabolic plasticity of these biological communities must be considered for future climate scenarios in the region, which may extend the growing season and increase biomass circulation.
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Ren C, Teng Y, Chen X, Shen Y, Xiao H, Wang H. Impacts of earthworm introduction and cadmium on microbial communities composition and function in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 83:103606. [PMID: 33545380 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination of soil has become a public concern. Earthworms are key players in the functioning and service of soil ecosystems, with comprehension of their introduction in the polluted soil offering new insights into the protection of soil resources. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) introduction and Cd (0, 10, 30, and 60 mg kg-1 of Cd) exposure upon soil microbial community using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Our research demonstrated that Gemmatimonadetes and Deinococcus-Thermus upregulated significantly, while Chryseolinea showed an obvious decreasing trend after earthworm introduction. In Cd contaminated soil, many genera exhibited a greater presence of Cd-dependent bacteria, namely Cd-tolerant bacteria such as Altererythrobacter and Luteimonas, and a decrease of sensitive bacteria, such as Amaricoccus and Haliangium. Moreover, functional prediction analysis of soil microbiota indicated that earthworm introduction and Cd exposure changed functional pathways of soil microorganisms. The results obtained in this study are beneficial for understanding soil microbial community impacted by earthworm, and for exploring Cd resistant or tolerant bacteria, with potentially significant findings for soil biodiversity and Cd bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolu Ren
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yiran Teng
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yujia Shen
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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4
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Zhang X, Chen G, Zhong S, Wang T, Ji M, Wu X, Zhang X. Antibiotic-induced role interchange between rare and predominant bacteria retained the function of a bacterial community for denitrifying quinoline degradation. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:1598-1608. [PMID: 32592325 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Quinoline is a recalcitrant pollutant in coking wastewater which has been broadly investigated with many isolates possessing aerobic quinoline-degrading ability. However, studies on anaerobic degradation and the corresponding bacteria are very scarce. This study attempted to investigate the role of diverse functional members and the redundancy of quinoline degradation in a lab-scale quinoline denitrifying bioreactor. METHODS AND RESULTS Antibiotics were added to the batch culture under denitrifying conditions to disturb the microbial community of the quinoline-degrading bioreactor. According to the results, the nitrate removal rate remained stable, and the quinoline removal rate increased by 9·7% after treatment with streptomycin. However, PCoA analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing data of these samples indicated a significant shift in microbial community structures. Specifically, 12 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), including OTU1 (Pseudomonas) and OTU2 (Achromobacter), were significantly enriched. OTU1 replaced OTU8 (Thauera) as the most predominant denitrifying quinoline-degrading member. However, OTU8 and other predominant OTUs (Comamonas and Pseudoxanthomonas), which were hypothesized to contribute essentially to quinoline degradation in the origin bioreactor, became almost undetectable. CONCLUSION Functional redundancy due to high biological diversity allowed the role reversal of predominant quinoline-degrading bacteria and other rare bacteria when disturbed by antibiotic stress. Although the abundance of OTU1 was much lower initially, it replaced the essential role of the predominant member OTU8 in the bioreactor community for quinoline degradation once the environmental condition changed. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study indicated that the high biological diversity in a wastewater treatment bacterial community is crucial for maintaining the degrading function of organic pollutants, especially in a changing environment due to external disturbance or stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - G Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - T Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Phan VTH, Bernier-Latmani R, Tisserand D, Bardelli F, Le Pape P, Frutschi M, Gehin A, Couture RM, Charlet L. As release under the microbial sulfate reduction during redox oscillations in the upper Mekong delta aquifers, Vietnam: A mechanistic study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 663:718-730. [PMID: 30731417 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The impact of seasonal fluctuations linked to monsoon and irrigation generates redox oscillations in the subsurface, influencing the release of arsenic (As) in aquifers. Here, the biogeochemical control on As mobility was investigated in batch experiments using redox cycling bioreactors and As- and SO42--amended sediment. Redox potential (Eh) oscillations between anoxic (-300-0 mV) and oxic condition (0-500 mV) were implemented by automatically modulating an admixture of N2/CO2 or compressed air. A carbon source (cellobiose, a monomer of cellulose) was added at the beginning of each reducing cycle to stimulate the metabolism of the native microbial community. Results show that successive redox cycles can decrease arsenic mobility by up to 92% during reducing conditions. Anoxic conditions drive mainly the conversion of soluble As(V) to As(III) in contrast to oxic conditions. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA amplified from the sediments revealed the presence of sulfate and iron - reducing bacteria, confirming that sulfate and iron reduction are key factors for As immobilization from the aqueous phase. As and S K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy suggested the association of Fe-(oxyhydr)oxides and the importance of pyrite (FeS2(s)), rather than poorly ordered mackinawite (FeS(s)), for As sequestration under oxidizing and reducing conditions, respectively. Finally, these findings suggest a role for elemental sulfur in mediating aqueous thioarsenates formation in As-contaminated groundwater of the Mekong delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van T H Phan
- University Grenoble Alps, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), 38000 Grenoble, France; Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Rizlan Bernier-Latmani
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Environmental Microbiology Laboratory (EML), EPFL-ENAC-IIE-EML, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Delphine Tisserand
- University Grenoble Alps, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Pierre Le Pape
- Institut de Mineralogie, de Physique des Materiaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), UMR 7590 CNRS-UPMC-IRD-MNHN, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Manon Frutschi
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Environmental Microbiology Laboratory (EML), EPFL-ENAC-IIE-EML, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Gehin
- University Grenoble Alps, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Raoul-Marie Couture
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Laurent Charlet
- University Grenoble Alps, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), 38000 Grenoble, France
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de Menezes AB, Prendergast-Miller MT, Macdonald LM, Toscas P, Baker G, Farrell M, Wark T, Richardson AE, Thrall PH. Earthworm-induced shifts in microbial diversity in soils with rare versus established invasive earthworm populations. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 94:4951599. [PMID: 29579181 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
European earthworms have colonised many parts of Australia, although their impact on soil microbial communities remains largely uncharacterised. An experiment was conducted to contrast the responses to Aporrectodea trapezoides introduction between soils from sites with established (Talmo, 64 A. trapezoides m-2) and rare (Glenrock, 0.6 A. trapezoides m-2) A. trapezoides populations. Our hypothesis was that earthworm introduction would lead to similar changes in bacterial communities in both soils. The effects of earthworm introduction (earthworm activity and cadaver decomposition) did not lead to a convergence of bacterial community composition between the two soils. However, in both soils, the Firmicutes decreased in abundance and a common set of bacteria responded positively to earthworms. The increase in the abundance of Flavobacterium, Chitinophagaceae, Rhodocyclaceae and Sphingobacteriales were consistent with previous studies. Evidence for possible soil resistance to earthworms was observed, with lower earthworm survival in Glenrock microcosms coinciding with A. trapezoides rarity in this site, lower soil organic matter and clay content and differences in the diversity and abundance of potential earthworm mutualist bacteria. These results suggest that while the impacts of earthworms vary between different soils, the consistent response of some bacteria may aid in predicting the impacts of earthworms on soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lynne M Macdonald
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Locked bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Peter Toscas
- Data61, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Geoff Baker
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Mark Farrell
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Locked bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Tim Wark
- Data61, QCAT, Pullenvale, QLD 4069, Australia
| | - Alan E Richardson
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Peter H Thrall
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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7
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Wu SS, Hernández M, Deng YC, Han C, Hong X, Xu J, Zhong WH, Deng H. The voltage signals of microbial fuel cell-based sensors positively correlated with methane emission flux in paddy fields of China. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 95:5304610. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Song Wu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Yong-Cui Deng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng Han
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin Hong
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen-Hui Zhong
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huan Deng
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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8
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Aanderud ZT, Saurey S, Ball BA, Wall DH, Barrett JE, Muscarella ME, Griffin NA, Virginia RA, Barberán A, Adams BJ. Stoichiometric Shifts in Soil C:N:P Promote Bacterial Taxa Dominance, Maintain Biodiversity, and Deconstruct Community Assemblages. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1401. [PMID: 30018601 PMCID: PMC6037766 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Imbalances in C:N:P supply ratios may cause bacterial resource limitations and constrain biogeochemical processes, but the importance of shifts in soil stoichiometry are complicated by the nearly limitless interactions between an immensely rich species pool and a multiple chemical resource forms. To more clearly identify the impact of soil C:N:P on bacteria, we evaluated the cumulative effects of single and coupled long-term nutrient additions (i.e., C as mannitol, N as equal concentrations NH4+ and NO3-, and P as Na3PO4) and water on communities in an Antarctic polar desert, Taylor Valley. Untreated soils possessed relatively low bacterial diversity, simplified organic C sources due to the absence of plants, limited inorganic N, and excess soil P potentially attenuating links between C:N:P. After 6 years of adding resources, an alleviation of C and N colimitation allowed one rare Micrococcaceae, an Arthrobacter species, to dominate, comprising 47% of the total community abundance and elevating soil respiration by 136% relative to untreated soils. The addition of N alone reduced C:N ratios, elevated bacterial richness and diversity, and allowed rare taxa relying on ammonium and nitrite for metabolism to become more abundant [e.g., nitrite oxidizing Nitrospira species (Nitrosomonadaceae), denitrifiers utilizing nitrite (Gemmatimonadaceae) and members of Rhodobacteraceae with a high affinity for ammonium]. Based on community co-occurrence networks, lower C:P ratios in soils following P and CP additions created more diffuse and less connected communities by disrupting 73% of species interactions and selecting for taxa potentially exploiting abundant P. Unlike amended nutrients, water additions alone elicited no lasting impact on communities. Our results suggest that as soils become nutrient rich a wide array of outcomes are possible from species dominance and the deconstruction of species interconnectedness to the maintenance of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T. Aanderud
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Sabrina Saurey
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Becky A. Ball
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Diana H. Wall
- Department of Biology, School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - John E. Barrett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Mario E. Muscarella
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Natasha A. Griffin
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Ross A. Virginia
- Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Albert Barberán
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Byron J. Adams
- Evolutionary Ecology Laboratories, and Monte L. Bean Museum, Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
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Fernandes SO, Surya Prakash L, Balan Binish M, Padinchati Krishnan K, John Kurian P. Changes in morphology and metabolism enable Mn-oxidizing bacteria from mid-oceanic ridge environment to counter metal-induced stress. J Basic Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Palayil John Kurian
- National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research; Headland Sada; Vasco-da-Gama Goa India
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10
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Nelson CE, Rogowski A, Morland C, Wilhide JA, Gilbert HJ, Gardner JG. Systems analysis in Cellvibrio japonicus resolves predicted redundancy of β-glucosidases and determines essential physiological functions. Mol Microbiol 2017; 104:294-305. [PMID: 28118504 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Degradation of polysaccharides forms an essential arc in the carbon cycle, provides a percentage of our daily caloric intake, and is a major driver in the renewable chemical industry. Microorganisms proficient at degrading insoluble polysaccharides possess large numbers of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes), many of which have been categorized as functionally redundant. Here we present data that suggests that CAZymes that have overlapping enzymatic activities can have unique, non-overlapping biological functions in the cell. Our comprehensive study to understand cellodextrin utilization in the soil saprophyte Cellvibrio japonicus found that only one of four predicted β-glucosidases is required in a physiological context. Gene deletion analysis indicated that only the cel3B gene product is essential for efficient cellodextrin utilization in C. japonicus and is constitutively expressed at high levels. Interestingly, expression of individual β-glucosidases in Escherichia coli K-12 enabled this non-cellulolytic bacterium to be fully capable of using cellobiose as a sole carbon source. Furthermore, enzyme kinetic studies indicated that the Cel3A enzyme is significantly more active than the Cel3B enzyme on the oligosaccharides but not disaccharides. Our approach for parsing related CAZymes to determine actual physiological roles in the cell can be applied to other polysaccharide-degradation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra E Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland - Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Artur Rogowski
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carl Morland
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Joshua A Wilhide
- Molecular Characterization and Analysis Complex, University of Maryland - Baltimore County, Maryland, USA
| | - Harry J Gilbert
- Molecular Characterization and Analysis Complex, University of Maryland - Baltimore County, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Gardner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland - Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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11
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Hunger S, Gößner AS, Drake HL. Anaerobic trophic interactions of contrasting methane-emitting mire soils: processes versus taxa. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv045. [PMID: 25877342 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural wetlands such as mires contribute up to 33% to the global emission of methane. The emission of methane is driven by trophic interactions of anaerobes that collectively degrade biopolymers. The hypothesis of this study was that these interactions in contrasting methane-emitting mire soils are functionally similar but linked to dissimilar taxa. This hypothesis was addressed by evaluating anaerobic processes and microbial taxa of eutrophic, mesotrophic and oligotrophic mire soils. Glucose was fermented to various products (e.g. H2, CO2, butyrate, acetate). Acetoclastic methanogenesis occurred, and acetogenesis and methanogenesis transformed H2-CO2 to acetate and methane, respectively. Although product profiles, cultivable cell numbers and gene copy numbers [mcrA (encodes alpha-subunit of methyl-CoM reductase) and 16S rRNA genes] were similar for all mire soils, only approximately 15% of detected family-level bacteria and species-level methanogens were shared by all mire soils. Approximately, 40% of the detected family-level taxa of each mire soil have no cultured isolates. Acidic conditions appeared to restrict the number of dominant phylotypes. The results indicated (a) that microbial processes which drive methanogenesis are similar but facilitated by dissimilar microbial communities in contrasting mire soils and (b) that mire soils harbor a large number of taxa with no cultured isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindy Hunger
- Department of Ecological Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Anita S Gößner
- Department of Ecological Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Harold L Drake
- Department of Ecological Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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12
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Zhou AL, Hergert N, Rompato G, Lefevre M. Whole grain oats improve insulin sensitivity and plasma cholesterol profile and modify gut microbiota composition in C57BL/6J mice. J Nutr 2015; 145:222-30. [PMID: 25644341 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.199778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole grain consumption reduces the risk of major chronic diseases. It is not clear how whole grains exert their beneficial effects. OBJECTIVE The aim was to compare the physiologic effects of whole grain oat (WGO) flour with low bran oat (LBO) flour. METHODS Two AIN-93G-based diets were formulated with either WGO or LBO flour. Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed LBO (n = 11) and WGO (n = 13) diets for 8 wk. Cecal microbiota was profiled by pyrosequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Data are reported as means ± SEMs or antilogs of the mean (mean - SEM, mean + SEM). RESULTS The weight gain was 14.6% less in the WGO group during week 7 (P = 0.04). WGO improved insulin sensitivity as reflected by significantly lower plasma insulin [1500 (1370, 1650) ng/L vs. 2340 (2090, 2620) ng/L; P = 0.006], C-peptide (3980 ± 548 ng/L vs. 7340 ± 1050 ng/L; P = 0.007), and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (21.4 ± 2.3 vs. 34.7 ± 4.9; P = 0.03). Plasma total cholesterol was 9.9% less and non-HDL cholesterol was 11% less in the WGO group. A comparison of relative abundance indicated Prevotellaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Alcaligenaceae families were 175.5% (P = 0.03), 184.5% (P = 0.01), and 150.0% (P = 0.004), respectively, greater in the WGO group and Clostridiaceae and Lachnospiraceae families were 527% (P = 0.004) and 62.6% (P = 0.01), respectively, greater in the LBO group. Cecal microbiota composition predicts 63.9% variation in plasma insulin and 88.9% variation in plasma non-HDL cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS In mice, WGOs improved insulin sensitivity and plasma cholesterol profile compared with LBOs, and the effects were associated with the changes in cecal microbiota composition. Increasing WGO consumption may help improve insulin sensitivity and dyslipidemia in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Lihong Zhou
- Utah Science Technology and Research Initiative (USTAR), Applied Nutrition Research, and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences
| | - Nancie Hergert
- Utah Science Technology and Research Initiative (USTAR), Applied Nutrition Research, and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences
| | - Giovanni Rompato
- Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| | - Michael Lefevre
- Center for Integrated BioSystems, Utah State University, Logan, UT
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13
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Chatzinotas A, Schellenberger S, Glaser K, Kolb S. Assimilation of cellulose-derived carbon by microeukaryotes in oxic and anoxic slurries of an aerated soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:5777-81. [PMID: 23851095 PMCID: PMC3754146 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01598-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil microeukaryotes may trophically benefit from plant biopolymers. However, carbon transfer from cellulose into soil microeukaryotes has not been demonstrated so far. Microeukaryotes assimilating cellulose-derived carbon in oxic and anoxic soil slurries were therefore examined by rRNA-based stable-isotope probing. Bacteriovorous flagellates and ciliates and, likely, mixotrophic algae and saprotrophic fungi incorporated carbon from supplemental [U-(13)C]cellulose under oxic conditions. A previous study using the same soil suggested that cellulolytic Bacteria assimilated (13)C of supplemental cellulose. Thus, it can be assumed that ciliates, cercozoa, and chrysophytes assimilated carbon by grazing upon and utilizing metabolic products of Bacteria that hydrolyzed cellulose in the soil slurries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Chatzinotas
- Helmholtz Centre of Environmental Research-UFZ, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Karin Glaser
- Helmholtz Centre of Environmental Research-UFZ, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Kolb
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Ecological Microbiology, Bayreuth, Germany
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14
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Song N, Cai HY, Yan ZS, Jiang HL. Cellulose degradation by one mesophilic strain Caulobacter sp. FMC1 under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 131:281-7. [PMID: 23357088 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Caulobacteria are presumed to be responsible for considerable mineralization of organic material in aquatic environments. In this study, a facultative, mesophilic and cellulolytic bacterium Caulobacter sp. FMC1 was isolated from sediments which were taken from a shallow freshwater lake and then enriched with amendment of submerged macrophyte for three months. This strain seemed to evolve a capacity to adapt redox-fluctuating environments, and could degrade cellulose both aerobically and anaerobically. Cellulose degradation percentages under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were approximately 27% and 10% after a 240-h incubation in liquid mediums containing 0.5% cellulose, respectively. Either cellulose or cellobiose alone was able to induce activities of endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and β-1,4-glucosidase. Interestingly, ethanol was produced as the main fermentative product under anaerobic incubation on cellulose. These results could improve our understanding about cellulose-degrading process in aquatic environments, and were also useful in optimizing cellulose bioconversion process for bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Song
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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15
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Schellenberger S, Drake HL, Kolb S. Impairment of cellulose- and cellobiose-degrading soil Bacteria by two acidic herbicides. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2011; 327:60-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02460.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Harold L. Drake
- Department of Ecological Microbiology; University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth; Germany
| | - Steffen Kolb
- Department of Ecological Microbiology; University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth; Germany
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